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Dogs seem to agree with humans that 'bouba' is round and 'kiki' is spiky

sciencealert.com

137 points by gmays · 90 comments

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barkut

My fellow Frenchmen, do we tell them about Booba and "kiki" ?

gste

I think objects with these shapes make similar sounds in the real world. Sharp shapes make percussive sounds. Round shapes make softer sounds.

Dog's have very good hearing, and their hearing must help them to model the world around them, to understand what different objects in the world are.

So I think it's less about linguistics and more about our audiovisual mapping of the physical world.

Then again, that must be where the origin of language evolved from in the first place.

  • ivanjermakov

    Does it mean that Kikis smell/taste pointy too?

  • Wolfenstein98k

    Do they though? Or is that biased by having seen wavelengths?

    • jolmg

      > Or is that biased by having seen wavelengths?

      You don't need to. They probably mean how rounded objects tend roll or slide, and spiky objects tend to scrape at most or dig into a crevice and so abruptly stop with a shorter sound.

    • SamBam

      Young kids follow our same expectations with kiki and bouba. They haven't seen wave traces.

      • fwip

        No, but the person proposing "it might be due to the sounds that objects of those shapes make" has.

  • potsandpans

    > So I think it's less about linguistics and more about our audiovisual mapping of the physical world.

    There's probably an overlap that makes the distinction fuzzy.

    • p-e-w

      There’s an overlap, but the observation from the parent comment turns this widely cited phenomenon from a supposed mystery or deep insight into something trivial.

      It’s like observing that humans across cultures agree that the word “woof” refers to a dog and the word “miaw” refers to a cat… no shit.

      • Timon3

        I hope you understand that just because a proposed explanations makes intuitive sense, it doesn't automatically have to be right.

        Edit - it seems there's evidence that this intuitive explanation is wrong, see the article linked here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50146562

        This is why I like to remind myself that the world is much more interesting than I often think, which is why the drive to jump to simple and boring explanations can often be a trap.

      • pbh101

        Interestingly, in practice different languages tend to have markedly different common representations of animal sounds.

      • potsandpans

        I don't think the insight is trivial, but to each their own I suppose.

dang

Related. Others?

Evidence of the bouba-kiki effect in naïve baby chicks - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47105198 - Feb 2026 (107 comments)

Which is "Bouba", and which is "Kiki"? [video] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46572742 - Jan 2026 (23 comments)

Bouba / Kiki Effect - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45320327 - Sept 2025 (2 comments)

Bouba/kiki effect - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40699583 - June 2024 (170 comments)

Bouba/Kiki Effect - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27885703 - July 2021 (94 comments)

Bouba/kiki effect - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8372550 - Sept 2014 (1 comment)

tdb7893

Somewhat more surprising to me is there's already evidence for this in baby chickens so it appears to exist even across very different animals.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7188

DoctorOetker

I too would associate "Bouba" with the rounded and "Kiki" with the sharper figure, but to me this is just a relatively universal sense of continuity vs discontinuities:

the local curvature is continuous for "Bouba", every point on the curve has a single tangent, which evolves continuously as you walk along this presented curve.

For Kiki: the local curvature is discontinuous: at the inward or outward points, there are 2 tangents, so the tangent abruptly switches value when passing through this point when walking along the curve.

similarly the "B"s in "Bouba" are voiced plosives, while the "K"s in "Kiki" are unvoiced plosives.

I think people would similarily classify "Titi, Pipi, Touta, Poupa, Kouka" like "Kiki" but "Didi, Douda, Bibi, Gigi, Gouga" like "Bouba".

The vowels are obviously voiced by the vocal chord carrier wave "voice".

So when we pass through the unvoiced (T/P/K) plosives, we notice discontinuity like the discontinuously evolving tangents along the boundary curve of the figure.

Obviously mammals like dogs have a concept of continuity, topology, distance, they might get spooked by "open" stairs, because they can see between the planks, etc.

And when we hear voiced (D,B,G) plosives, the voice while muted still evolves continuously.

  • po1nt

    The question is how are you able to internalise the shape without ever seeing any visualisation. Why does the the bouba even evoke curvature?

    • crazygringo

      Because sounds are made by shapes. The shapes of our mouths and the shapes of objects colliding. And sounds have shapes, shapes over time.

      • willis936

        Yes, our mouths. What's interesting about this is that dogs make sounds very differently than humans.

    • Wolfenstein98k

      Maybe because when you pronounce a B, it's very hard to make it sound sharp. The lips rolling off one another naturally have a gentle ramp-up. It's really hard to have a sudden transient. You can record this in a free DAW and see it in front of you.

      By contrast, it's very hard to make a K- sound without a sharp transient.

      With B you are adding pressure to two soft tissues in contact.

      With K you are adding pressure when one tissue is hard, and saliva is present (causing a relatively sudden production of the sound).

      Try making B sound sharp, hard to do while saying Bouba.

      Try making K sound soft, basically impossible, especially while saying Kiki.

      • Timon3

        While this explains why the sounds are sharp/soft, IMO the interesting part is: why is there seemingly such a fundamental connection between "sharpness" in spoken language, and "sharpness" in our (visual) understanding of the world?

        These two concepts are not fully equal, so why don't we have two different words and see them as separate concepts?

    • D-Machine

      Either similar underlying processing machinery (due to auditory and visual processing evolving from simpler and more interconnected processing circuits) or because when thinking of frequencies of waveforms in light/sound, visual sharpness and auditory sharpness really are the same thing (so even if they didn't co-evolve, it can be more efficient or useful to have some single underlying representation waveform representation that represents these things similarly).

    • notahacker

      tbf for me the Bouba evokes curvature because it makes me think of a Baobab tree. Not so sure about the dogs :)

      • WorldMaker

        Part of the fun of the experiment is questioning the nominative determinism here. Did cultures pick a name like Baobab for that tree because of something this effect is showing or is just coincidence? We don't really know. Linguists have often wondered if there is a "universal grammar" underlying even our oldest languages that we don't know the full rules of, but coincidences and convergent evolution in our languages seem to tease could exist. Kiki and bouba are one of the more interesting experiments in this space to ever get repeatable results.

      • Wolfenstein98k

        Given the 100 years of studies across cultures (and now species), it probably made you think of curves shapes before you'd ever seen a boabob tree, let alone knew its name.

  • CompoundEyes

    Speaking of the topological intuition of mammals I guess “Boubas” are the big soft round ones and “Titis” are the firm pointy ones.

  • pezezin

    Many human languages lack voiced plosives entirely, the most notorious one being one of the biggest languages in the world, Mandarin Chinese.

    I don't think there is such a universal sense of continuity considering that tonal languages sound very discontinuous...

throw9394030

> Each dog/owner pair entered a room set up with a screen and a speaker to the left, and another screen and speaker to the right.

I do not think this is realible experiment. Dogs are very sensitive to non verbal cues from their owner.

For example if owner is scared, it will defend the owner. I get assaulted all the time, by dog owners who unleash their dogs on me, in self defense.

Edit: just to clarify

I get assaulted about once a week, while running at park at morning. I was at hospital a few times, mostly it is unwanted physical contact.

It is leash only park full of runners, I have no idea why any sane person would allow dogs to run freely there!

I can not afford to move out. I started wearing body cam, and air horn.

  • preommr

    > I get assaulted all the time, by dog owners who unleash their dogs on me, in self defense.

    ???

  • D-Machine

    > I do not think this is realible experiment. Dogs are very sensitive to non verbal cues from their owner

    If you had actually read the article, they explicitly tested for and controlled this...

  • RugnirViking

    you get "assaulted" "all the time"!? surely this is hyperbole. If not, perhaps consider moving somewhere far away from where you live now, immediately!

  • kQq9oHeAz6wLLS

    FTA:

    > The second experiment, which involved 19 other dogs, was identical in design except that the owners wore headphones playing rock music to stop them from hearing the 'Bouba' and 'Kiki' sounds. The idea here was to remove any owner cues the dogs might have been following.

    So they at least attempted to account for it.

    Also, why do owners feel the need to unleash their dogs at you in self defense? This is very strange.

  • fooker

    This phenomenon has a famous name, the clever Hans effect.

  • idiotsecant

    You seem like a perfectly reasonable not crazy person.

    • throw9394030

      I am just running at park every morning, nothing crazy like randomly assaulting strangers!

leoc

Good boys! Good boys.

profsummergig

Is 'bouba' pronounced 'bowba', 'bohba', or 'booba'? And why isn't it spelled like that instead?

DrProfresher

As a human I agree with dogs that 'Bouba' is round and 'Kiki' is spiky.

In all seriousness, and I am surprised the article does not mention this, as dumb as it sounds Kiki has "sharp" sounds when pronouncing it and "Bouba" has a softer feel to it when pronouncing it.

As the article says it does not matter what language you speak, a word that quickly changes the sound back and forth to the same thing sounds sharp because that is how sharp things look and feel. The serration on a knife has the same angle on either side leading to a point. This is what makes sense to me as to why we correspond Kiki to something sharp.

  • jstanley

    > In all seriousness, and I am surprised the article does not mention this, as dumb as it sounds Kiki has "sharp" sounds when pronouncing it and "Bouba" has a softer feel to it when pronouncing it.

    This is just the same thing though?

    It's not actually trivially obvious that different minds would agree on how "sharp" and "soft" apply to sounds and to shapes.

    • _kulang

      Sure it is. Fourier transform - Bouba and Kiki are far from the same there. And as someone else mentioned, time domain content - attack and decay. There are physical differences in the sounds which are pretty fundamental and can be definitionally linked to sharpness and softness across domains, especially as sharp objects are defined in nearly exactly the same way (except spatially).

      It would be more interesting if we had two sounds which didn’t have such apparent objective differences giving rise to specific and universal subjective differences, or if something that was not so cross domain elicited a different response, e.g. linking volume with sharpness as opposed to something like size.

    • D-Machine

      It isn't trivially obvious, no, but the "k" sound is a fricative (EDIT: oops, nope, plosive - see response to this comment), i.e. the tongue rapidly moves close to the palate and then away, creating turbulence, and sounds with a sharp peak and amplitude. I.e. the waveform of a "k" or "kiki" sound looks more spiky. The opposite is the case for the "bouba" sound.

      It is a bit mysterious why animals would all map e.g. sharp auditory waveforms to sharper / spiky lines (kiki figure), and then smoother sounds to smoother lineforms (bouba figure), but, reasonably, these senses evolved together and used far more shared underlying processing machinery than they do presently. After all, both light and sound reach us in waves and both carry energy.

      Some primitive mush-blob perhaps just started processing all incoming energy waves together, differentiating e.g. smoother vs. more staccatto waves before making the distinction between e.g. sound vs. light. Or I dunno, but IMO it makes more sense when you consider evolution, and don't just look at processing now in isolation from the likely development of these senses.

      • Cordiali

        The 'b' sound is a plosive too, by the way. It's voiced, vs the voiceless 'k'.

        But the place of articulation kinda flips, from rear consonant/front vowel (kiki), to front consonant/rear vowel (bouba).

        If you flipped the voicing, it'd be 'gigi' vs 'poupa', which to my ears at least, is a lot less clear cut.

        • D-Machine

          > The 'b' sound is a plosive too, by the way. It's voiced, vs the voiceless 'k'.

          Yeah this I know, by "bouba" being opposite I meant the waveform.

          Really the phonetic terms here are not actually relevant and have betrayed me. It's more that the 'k' sound is "more [ex]plosive" in that it seems to build up more pressure and turbulence (probably as you say, because the consonant is in the rear, so pressure builds and bounces around in the mouth more, whereas the "b" just mostly blasts out the front more quickly). And the "k" surely has a more peaky / spikey waveform in the audible range.

      • jjtheblunt

        k is a plosive, not fricative: there's a discontinuity in the flow of air, not a friction-sounding continuous airflow. that fits your point though, regardless.

        • D-Machine

          Oops, you are right! Thank you for correcting. I checked before posting that some "k" sounds are indeed fricatives, but they definitely aren't in "kiki".

          • card_zero

            Well /b/ is also a plosive. :) Phonetics is out to sabotage your meaning.

            If I stick to the more familiar territory of bad speech synthesis on 8-bit computers using envelopes, /k/ probably starts with a burst of white noise.

            • D-Machine

              > Well /b/ is also a plosive. :) Phonetics is out to sabotage your meaning.

              Lol, true.

    • Waterluvian

      When I want to avoid startling my cat I make sure that the sound of my presence is gradual and not sudden. The syllables of a bouba word all introduce themselves smoothly and not suddenly.

      I’ll rush to posit something for others to poke holes in: the definition of a Kiki word is a word where the syllables have a sudden “attack” then decay. And that’s a function of sound, not language.

    • card_zero

      How about high frequency sounds? Kiki must be higher frequency on a spectrograph. Spikes make high frequency sounds when they hit against things. Soft round objects make low frequency noises. Sort of. (There's holes in this theory, because fur is soft but makes high frequency sounds when brushed.)

    • gsich

      >It's not actually trivially obvious that different minds would agree on how "sharp" and "soft" apply to sounds and to shapes.

      Same genetics produce the same outcome (mostly).

  • yhjc2692

    Interestingly, even the sound of the word ‘round’ feels gentle, while the word ‘spiky’ has high-frequency peaks (at p and k)! I wonder if dogs (or for that matter, humans) can accurately zero-shot classify words that represent round vs spiky for different languages.

    It appears to me that onomatopoeia, at varying degrees, played a role in the spontaneous convergence of verbal communication, and thus the development of a language.

    • moi2388

      When I studied psychology 20 years ago we had a class which covered this, and at least then there were studies indeed showing these associations are exactly due to these phonetic identifiers.

amelius

But what does AI think?

minis_bot_17923

Fun how deeply sound symbolism seems wired in - if even dogs map bouba to round and kiki to spiky, the effect is probably older than language itself.

  • gnabgib

    Fun(ny) how genai this comment is

    • throwaway27448

      They've shifted their em-dash usage to the british standard (any dash+spacing on either side for no discernable reason—probablt a typesetting detail that hasn't made sense forever) and it looks like shit. I know, like other british standards—it's still sad to see.

dizhn

For me kiki is more red than spiky.

throwaway27448

That such a phenomenon is easily visible in waveform make this pretty expected. Animals likely evolved to discretize audio long before mammals showed up

rfgplk

Which is spikier qktqb or rrqtyun? For me personally, rrqtyun is spikier although certain models seem to disagree. GPT (Astra) believes qktqb is spikier.

This one is also a curiosity

> isn't klop right at the edge between spiky and round

> Yes. “Klop” is borderline, but leans slightly spiky.

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