From Deep Blue Mud, Unexpected Life Emerges

parameters for life. If microbes can thrive in a sustained pH of 12, without sunlight, and with scarce nutrients, it means we must seriously re-evaluate every so-called "uninhabitable" environment.This deep-sea mud might be the template for life on places like Europa or Enceladus, where life would have to rely on chemosynthesis in alkaline conditions beneath an ice shell. The universe just got a bit more crowded