Software Development Jobs in the U.S. on the Decline
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The surge in tech hiring in the U.S. in 2021 and 2022 represented one of the most aggressive talent grabs in industry history, only to be followed by widespread layoffs and hiring freezes as economic headwinds and post-pandemic corrections hit the sector.
This dramatic swing has reshaped the software development job market, leaving both companies and developers to navigate a new landscape of cautious growth and strategic hiring.
This graphic shows the percent change in software development job postings on Indeed U.S. since Feb. 1, 2020 to Feb. 28, 2025.
The data comes from Indeed via the Federal Reserve and is updated as of March 2025. Figures are seasonally-adjusted.
The U.S. Software Developer Hiring Boom Is Over
Below, we show the percent change in software development job postings on Indeed U.S. since Feb. 1, 2020 to Feb. 28, 2025.
| Date | U.S. Software Development Job Listings (% change) |
|---|---|
| 2020-02-01 | 0% |
| 2020-05-01 | -30.25% |
| 2020-08-01 | -30.70% |
| 2020-11-01 | -19.55% |
| 2021-02-01 | -1.33% |
| 2021-05-01 | 26.10% |
| 2021-08-01 | 51.31% |
| 2021-11-01 | 92.90% |
| 2022-02-01 | 123.28% |
| 2022-05-01 | 122.18% |
| 2022-08-01 | 93.37% |
| 2022-11-01 | 54.40% |
| 2023-02-01 | 22.23% |
| 2023-05-01 | -1.51% |
| 2023-08-01 | -17.80% |
| 2023-11-01 | -25.44% |
| 2024-02-01 | -27.13% |
| 2024-05-01 | -30.86% |
| 2024-08-01 | -30.41% |
| 2024-11-01 | -32.45% |
| 2025-02-01 | -33.36% |
| 2025-02-28 | -36.48% |
Breaking into tech as a software developer in 2025 won’t be as easy as it was before—job listings are at their lowest in five years, down more than 33% from 2020 levels.
Software development job postings soared in 2021 and 2022 as tech companies expanded rapidly, fueled by economic recovery and a surge in startup funding.
However, hiring slowed dramatically in 2023 as economic uncertainty, widespread layoffs, and reduced venture capital investment hit the industry.
Some other factors behind the decline in software developer jobs include the widespread adoption of AI-powered software development tools that enhance productivity and a shift in focus by tech companies toward efficiency rather than expansion.
Despite the overall decline in software development job postings, major tech hubs like the San Francisco Bay Area and New York have continued to see net job growth in the tech sector, including developer roles, over the past few years.
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To learn more trends in the programming world, check out this graphic that ranks the most popular programming languages on GitHub from 2014 to 2024.
Maps
Mapped: U.S. States With the Most Data Centers in 2025
Virginia dominates U.S. data center infrastructure with more than 600 facilities.
Published
1 day ago
on
December 12, 2025
Mapped: U.S. States With the Most Data Centers in 2025
See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Key Takeaways
- Virginia dominates U.S. data center infrastructure with more than 600 facilities.
- Network effects, cheap power, and cloud hyperscaler clusters make Northern Virginia the world’s most critical internet hub.
As AI and other technologies accelerate, data centers have become increasingly important to today’s digital economy.
In the U.S., the distribution of these facilities is far from even, with a few key states emerging as global powerhouses of digital infrastructure.
This map highlights where these clusters have formed and why certain states—especially Virginia and Texas—have become magnets for hyperscale growth. The data for this visualization comes from Datacentermap.com.
Virginia: The World’s Digital Capital
With 665 data centers, Virginia hosts the largest concentration of digital infrastructure on the planet.
Northern Virginia hosts massive deployments from all major hyperscalers, including AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Meta, Oracle Cloud. Today, dense fiber networks, reliable power, and fast permitting make Virginia nearly impossible to replicate as a data center region.
| Rank | State | Data Centers |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Virginia | 665 |
| 2 | Texas | 413 |
| 3 | California | 321 |
| 4 | Illinois | 244 |
| 5 | Ohio | 203 |
| 6 | Arizona | 164 |
| 7 | Georgia | 163 |
| 8 | New York | 142 |
| 9 | Oregon | 137 |
| 10 | Washington | 134 |
| 11 | Florida | 126 |
| 12 | North Carolina | 110 |
| 13 | Iowa | 105 |
| 14 | Pennsylvania | 101 |
| 15 | New Jersey | 82 |
| 16 | Minnesota | 81 |
| 17 | Indiana | 79 |
| 18 | Nevada | 62 |
| 19 | Connecticut | 61 |
| 20 | Colorado | 60 |
| 20 | Tennessee | 60 |
| 22 | Michigan | 58 |
| 23 | Missouri | 55 |
| 24 | Massachusetts | 49 |
| 25 | Wisconsin | 47 |
| 26 | Maryland | 44 |
| 26 | Utah | 44 |
| 28 | Nebraska | 39 |
| 29 | Kentucky | 37 |
| 29 | Oklahoma | 37 |
| 31 | South Carolina | 30 |
| 32 | Montana | 27 |
| 33 | Alabama | 26 |
| 34 | Louisiana | 23 |
| 35 | New Mexico | 22 |
| 35 | North Dakota | 22 |
| 37 | Delaware | 19 |
| 37 | Kansas | 19 |
| 39 | Wyoming | 15 |
| 40 | Idaho | 10 |
| 40 | Mississippi | 10 |
| 40 | New Hampshire | 10 |
| 43 | Hawaii | 9 |
| 44 | Maine | 8 |
| 45 | District of Columbia | 7 |
| 45 | Rhode Island | 7 |
| 45 | West Virginia | 7 |
| 48 | Arkansas | 6 |
| 49 | South Dakota | 5 |
| 50 | Alaska | 4 |
| 51 | Vermont | 3 |
Texas and California Anchor Regional Growth
Texas ranks second with 413 data centers, driven by abundant land, competitive electricity costs, and major cloud deployments in Dallas, Austin, and San Antonio. Its flexible grid and fast construction timelines continue to attract hyperscale expansions.
California follows with 321 facilities, supported by long-standing tech ecosystems in Silicon Valley and strong enterprise demand. While power constraints limit new mega-projects, the state remains a key node for mission-critical data infrastructure.
Midwestern and Western States Build Strategic Clusters
States like Illinois, Ohio, Oregon, and Washington have become important secondary hubs.
Illinois benefits from Chicago’s role as a central U.S. interconnection point, while Ohio has emerged as a major cloud region thanks to available land and stable power. Oregon and Washington contribute strong renewable energy potential and cooler climates that help reduce cooling costs.
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Technology
Ranked: The Countries With the Largest Offline Populations
India alone has more offline people than the entire population of the U.S.
Published
2 days ago
on
December 11, 2025
The Countries With the Largest Offline Populations
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Key Takeaways
- India alone has more offline people than the entire population of the U.S. and Canada combined.
- Sub-Saharan Africa has some of the world’s highest offline population shares, often exceeding 70%.
Even as global internet adoption climbs, hundreds of millions of people remain offline. Access varies widely across regions, shaped by affordability, infrastructure, language barriers, and digital literacy.
This visualization ranks countries with the largest unconnected populations, revealing where the digital divide is most persistent. The gaps are especially notable in fast-growing economies where connectivity has not kept pace with population increases.
Largest Offline Populations, Ranked
The data comes from the We Are Social: Digital 2026 Global Overview Report. It lists the number of individuals without internet access and compares those figures to total national populations.
India Leads by Sheer Scale
India leads the world in unconnected populations, with over 440 million people still offline.
Strong mobile broadband growth has improved access, but the nation’s massive population base means that a 30% offline share still produces an exceptionally large number of disconnected users. This single nation has more offline individuals than the entire population of the U.S. and Canada combined.
| Rank | Country | Individuals Without Internet Access | % Offline | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇮🇳 India | 440,123,000 | 30.0% | 1,467,076,667 |
| 2 | 🇵🇰 Pakistan | 139,387,000 | 54.4% | 256,226,103 |
| 3 | 🇳🇬 Nigeria | 130,044,000 | 54.5% | 238,612,844 |
| 4 | 🇨🇳 China | 118,883,000 | 8.4% | 1,415,273,810 |
| 5 | 🇪🇹 Ethiopia | 106,774,000 | 78.3% | 136,365,262 |
| 6 | 🇧🇩 Bangladesh | 93,415,000 | 53.0% | 176,254,717 |
| 7 | 🇨🇩 Congo (DRC) | 78,986,000 | 69.5% | 113,648,921 |
| 8 | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | 55,823,000 | 19.5% | 286,271,795 |
| 9 | 🇹🇿 Tanzania | 50,397,000 | 70.9% | 71,081,805 |
| 10 | 🇺🇬 Uganda | 40,341,000 | 78.0% | 51,719,231 |
Sub-Saharan Africa Shows the Highest Offline Rates
Countries like Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda have offline shares between 70% and 80%. These high ratios reflect limited broadband infrastructure, lower device penetration, and higher data costs relative to income.
Even in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo—two of Africa’s largest economies—more than half of the population remains offline.
Asia’s Mixed Connectivity Landscape
While China and Indonesia have large offline populations in absolute terms, their offline rates are substantially lower. China’s rate of just 8.4% reflects mature broadband development and widespread smartphone adoption. Indonesia’s connectivity has improved rapidly, but 55 million people remain unconnected due to geographic fragmentation across thousands of islands.
Meanwhile, Pakistan and Bangladesh face mid-range connectivity, with offline shares above 50% despite expanding mobile networks.
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