Dr. Jena reports receiving (in the last 36 months) consulting fees unrelated to this work from Analysis Group. Dr. Jena also reports receiving (in the last 36 months) income unrelated to this work from hosting the podcast Freakonomics, M.D., authorship income from The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and The Wall Street Journal, book rights to Doubleday Books, and from speaking fees from the Harry Walker Agency. Dr. Jena also serves as an unpaid board member of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Dr. Worsham receives support from a career development grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant #K08HS029197). Dr. Worsham also reports receiving (in the last 36 months) consulting fees unrelated to this work from Alosa Health, Analysis Group, Berkshire Hathaway Home Companies, Chronius, FVC Health, NuvoAir, Simbo, Substack, Tell Health, The New York Times, TIME, The Wall Street Journal, and FVC Health, and income unrelated to this book from book rights to Doubleday Books and speaking fees from the Harry Walker Agency. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.