This research was supported through the Jameel Poverty Action Lab and the Smith Richardson Foundation. We are especially grateful to Shri Prashant Kumar, Director of the Uttar Pradesh Social Welfare Department, and Shri J Ram, Deputy Director of the Uttar Pradesh Social Welfare Department, for their support and partnership in enabling this research. We also thank Nina Low and other RAs for their help, as well as the dozens of lab-in-charges who worked tirelessly to implement the program. Participants at numerous seminars and workshops provided helpful suggestions. Any errors or omissions are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.