Unruh, W. G. in Quantum Theory of Gravity: Essays in Honor of the 60th Birthday of Bryce S. DeWitt (ed. Christensen, S. M.) 234–242 (Adam Hilger Limited, 1984).
Preskill, J. Do black holes destroy information. In Proc. of the International Symposium on Black Holes, Membranes, Wormholes and Superstrings (eds Kalara S. & Nanopoulos, D. V.) 1992 (World Scientific, 1993).
Greenberger, D. M. The disconnect between quantum mechanics and gravity. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.3719 (2010).
Penrose, R. On the gravitization of quantum mechanics 1: quantum state reduction. Found. Phys. 44, 557–575 (2014).
Will, C. M. The confrontation between general relativity and experiment. Living Rev. Relativ. 17, 3 (2014).
Adelberger, E. New tests of Einstein’s equivalence principle and Newton’s inverse-square law. Class. Quantum Gravity 18, 2397 (2001).
Hossenfelder, S. Experimental search for quantum gravity. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1010.3420v1 (2010).
Gillies, G. T. & Unnikrishnan, C. S. The attracting masses in measurements of G: an overview of physical characteristics and performance. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 372, 20140022 (2014).
Feldman, B. & Nelson, A. E. New regions for a chameleon to hide. J. High Energy Phys. 2006, 002 (2006).
Burrage, C., Copeland, E. J. & Hinds, E. Probing dark energy with atom interferometry. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2015, 042 (2015).
Hamilton, P. et al. Atom-interferometry constraints on dark energy. Science 349, 849–851 (2015).
DeWitt, C. M. & Rickles, D. (eds) The Role of Gravitation in Physics: Report from the 1957 Chapel Hill Conference (Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge, 2011).
Bose, S. et al. Spin entanglement witness for quantum gravity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 240401 (2017).
Marletto, C. & Vedral, V. Gravitationally induced entanglement between two massive particles is sufficient evidence of quantum effects in gravity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 240402 (2017).
Belenchia, A. et al. Quantum superposition of massive objects and the quantization of gravity. Phys. Rev. D 98, 126009 (2018).
Ransom, S. M. et al. A millisecond pulsar in a stellar triple system. Nature 505, 520–524 (2014).
Abbott, B. P. et al. Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016).
Akiyama, K. et al. First M87 event horizon telescope results. VI. The shadow and mass of the central black hole. Astrophys. J. Lett. 875, L6 (2019).
Chou, C. W., Hume, D. B., Rosenband, T. & Wineland, D. J. Optical clocks and relativity. Science 329, 1630–1633 (2010).
Asenbaum, P. et al. Phase shift in an atom interferometer due to spacetime curvature across its wave function. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 183602 (2017).
Rosi, G. et al. Quantum test of the equivalence principle for atoms in coherent superposition of internal energy states. Nat. Commun. 8, 15529 (2017).
Gundlach, J. & Merkowitz, S. Measurement of Newton’s constant using a torsion balance with angular acceleration feedback. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2869–2872 (2000).
Quinn, T., Parks, H., Speake, C. & Davis, R. Improved determination of G using two methods. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 101102 (2013).
Rosi, G., Sorrentino, F., Cacciapuoti, L., Prevedelli, M. & Tino, G. M. Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant using cold atoms. Nature 510, 518–521 (2014).
Geraci, A. A., Smullin, S. J., Weld, D. M., Chiaverini, J. & Kapitulnik, A. Improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces at 10 microns. Phys. Rev. D 78, 022002 (2008).
Tan, W.-h. et al. Improvement for testing the gravitational inverse-square law at the submillimeter range. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 051301 (2020).
Lee, J. G., Adelberger, E. G., Cook, T. S., Fleischer, S. M. & Heckel, B. R. New test of the gravitational 1/r2 law at separations down to 52 μm. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 101101 (2020).
Colella, R., Overhauser, A. & Werner, S. Observation of gravitationally induced quantum interference. Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1472–1474 (1975).
Al Balushi, A., Cong, W. & Mann, R. B. Optomechanical quantum Cavendish experiment. Phys. Rev. A 98, 043811 (2018).
Hoskins, J. K., Newman, R. D., Spero, R. & Schultz, J. Experimental tests of the gravitational inverse-square law for mass separations from 2 to 105 cm. Phys. Rev. D 32, 3084–3095 (1985).
Mitrofanov, V. P. & Ponomareva, O. I. Experimental test of gravitation at small distances. Sov. Phys. JETP 67, 1963 (1988).
Schmöle, J., Dragosits, M., Hepach, H. & Aspelmeyer, M. A micromechanical proof-of-principle experiment for measuring the gravitational force of milligram masses. Class. Quantum Gravity 33, 125031 (2016).
Shimoda, T. & Ando, M. Nonlinear vibration transfer in torsion pendulums. Class. Quantum Gravity 36, 125001 (2019).
Ugolini, D., Funk, Q. & Amen, T. Discharging fused silica test masses with ionized nitrogen. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 046108 (2011).
Canaguier-Durand, A. et al. Casimir interaction between a dielectric nanosphere and a metallic plane. Phys. Rev. A 83, 032508 (2011).
Komori, K. et al. Attonewton-meter torque sensing with a macroscopic optomechanical torsion pendulum. Phys. Rev. A 101, 011802 (2020).
Prat-Camps, J., Teo, C., Rusconi, C. C., Wieczorek, W. & Romero-Isart, O. Ultrasensitive inertial and force sensors with diamagnetically levitated magnets. Phys. Rev. Appl. 8, 034002 (2017).
Timberlake, C., Gasbarri, G., Vinante, A., Setter, A. & Ulbricht, H. Acceleration sensing with magnetically levitated oscillators above a superconductor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 224101 (2019).
Monteiro, F. et al. Force and acceleration sensing with optically levitated nanogram masses at microkelvin temperatures. Phys. Rev. A 101, 053835 (2020).
Lewandowski, C. W., Knowles, T. D., Etienne, Z. B. & D’Urso, B. High sensitivity accelerometry with a feedback-cooled magnetically levitated microsphere. Phys. Rev. Appl. 15, 014050 (2021).
Kawasaki, A. et al. High sensitivity, levitated microsphere apparatus for short-distance force measurements. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 083201 (2020).
Liu, Y., Mummery, J. & Sillanpää, M. A. Prospects for observing gravitational forces between nonclassical mechanical oscillators. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.10477 (2020).
Obukhov, Y. N. & Puetzfeld, D. in Fundamental Theories of Physics 87–130 (Springer, 2019).
Speake, C. & Quinn, T. The search for Newton’s constant. Phys. Today 67, 27–33 (2014).
Adelberger, E., Heckel, B. & Nelson, A. Tests of the gravitational inverse-square law. Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 53, 77–121 (2003).
Milgrom, M. A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. Astrophys. J. 270, 365 (1983).
Ignatiev, A. Testing MOND on Earth 1. Can. J. Phys. 93, 166–168 (2015).
Tebbenjohanns, F., Frimmer, M., Jain, V., Windey, D. & Novotny, L. Motional sideband asymmetry of a nanoparticle optically levitated in free space. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 013603 (2020).
Delić, U. et al. Cooling of a levitated nanoparticle to the motional quantum ground state. Science 367, 892–895 (2020).
Turner, M. D., Hagedorn, C. A., Schlamminger, S. & Gundlach, J. H. Picoradian deflection measurement with an interferometric quasi-autocollimator using weak value amplification. Opt. Lett. 36, 1479–1481 (2011).
Schmoele, J. Development of a Micromechanical Proof-Of-Principle Experiment for Measuring the Gravitational Force of Milligram Masses. PhD thesis, Univ. of Vienna (2017).
Newport pneumatic optical table performance. Newport https://www.newport.com/n/compliance-and-transmissibility-curves
Lewandowski, C. W., Knowles, T. D., Etienne, Z. B. & D’Urso, B. Active optical table tilt stabilization. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 076102 (2020).
Displacement of open loop piezo actuators. PI https://www.pi-usa.us/en/products/piezo-motors-stages-actuators/piezo-motion-control-tutorial/tutorial-4-20/
Weiss, R. Charging of the Test Masses Past, Present and Future. LIGO Document T1100332 (2011); https://dcc.ligo.org/public/0115/G1401153/002/charging.pdf
Lekner, J. Electrostatics of two charged conducting spheres. Proc. R. Soc. A 468, 2829–2848 (2012).
Díaz, J., Ruiz, M., Sánchez-Pastor, P. S. & Romero, P. Urban seismology: on the origin of earth vibrations within a city. Sci. Rep. 7, 1 (2017).
Groos, J. C. & Ritter, J. R. R. Time domain classification and quantification of seismic noise in an urban environment. Geophys. J. Int. 179, 1213–1231 (2009).
Bourdillon, A., Ropars, G., Gaffet, S. & Le Floch, A. Opposite sense ground rotations of a pair of Cavendish balances in earthquakes. Proc. R. Soc. A 471, 20140997 (2015).
Shimoda, T., Aritomi, N., Shoda, A., Michimura, Y. & Ando, M. Seismic cross-coupling noise in torsion pendulums. Phys. Rev. D 97, 104003 (2018).
Gettings, C. & Speake, C. An air suspension to demonstrate the properties of torsion balances with fibers of zero length. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 025108 (2020).
Lide, D. R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Vol. 85 (CRC Press, 2004).
Shih, J. W. Magnetic properties of gold-iron alloys. Phys. Rev. 38, 2051–2055 (1931).
Henry, W. & Rogers, J. XXI. The magnetic susceptibilities of copper, silver and gold and errors in the Gouy method. Philos. Mag. 1, 223–236 (1956).
Sushkov, A., Kim, W., Dalvit, D. & Lamoreaux, S. Observation of the thermal Casimir force. Nat. Phys. 7, 230–233 (2011).
Emig, T., Graham, N., Jaffe, R. L. & Kardar, M. Casimir forces between arbitrary compact objects. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 170403 (2007).
Beer, W. et al. The METAS 1 kg vacuum mass comparator-adsorption layer measurements on gold-coated copper buoyancy artefacts. Metrologia 39, 263 (2002).
Gläser, M. & Borys, M. Precision mass measurements. Rep. Prog. Phys. 72, 126101 (2009).