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Tools for reliably estimating what artificial intelligence is being used for are still lacking.
By
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Miryam Naddaf
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Miryam Naddaf is a reporter for Nature in London.
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How much of the scientific literature is generated by AI? The first studies of the size of the AI footprint in scientific journals, preprint repositories and peer-review reports give a spread of answers — and indicate a rapidly evolving situation that it is difficult to get a handle on.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-03504-8
References
Gartenberg, C., Hasan, S., Murray, A. & Pierce, L. Organ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2026.ed.v37.n3 (2026).
She, R. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.01.697311 (2026).
Elazar, Y. & Antoniak, M. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.17036 (2026).
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