In 1970, a woman in Mexico might have expected to have seven children, on average. By 2014, that figure had fallen to around two. As of 2023, it was just 1.6. That means that the population is no longer making enough babies to maintain itself.
References
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Barber, J. et al. Am. Sociol, Rev. 83, 1020–1047 (2018).
Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J., McDonald, P. & Hosseini-Chavoshi, M. The Fertility Transition in Iran (Springer, 2009).
Doepke, M., Hannusch, A., Kindermann, F. & Tertilt, M. Handbook of the Economics of the Family Vol. 1 (eds Lundberg, S. & Voena, A.) 151–254 (Elsevier, 2023).
Fanelli, E. & Profeta, P. Demography 58, 1931–1954 (2021).
International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook 2025 (IMF, 2025).