When the quantum breakthrough comes, data being harvested today will be exposed

Quantum chip inside a vacuum chamber.
Photograph: Quantinuum

IT IS not just artificial intelligence that is sparking hopes of an imminent productivity miracle. Quantum computing, another long-promised technology, is also making progress and attracting serious interest. Investment in startups in the field rose six-fold in 2025, to $13bn, according to McKinsey, a consultancy. Both startups and tech titans are racing to exploit the technology. In May the Trump administration pledged $2bn to take equity stakes in nine quantum-computing companies.

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Patrons at a cafe use their laptop computers.