2026
Optimizing venous thromboembolism risk management through the PDCA cycle: a single-center before-and-after controlled study
Scientific Reports · 10.1038/s41598-026-44596-0
Published papers whose reference lists contain citations that do not appear to exist — fabricated works, or references that mix metadata from different real sources.
Each card links to the original paper and to a public VerusCite report. This is a catalog of examples, not a ranking of authors or journals. New papers are added as we find them.
45 papers catalogued 205 hallucinated citations
2026
How AI Can Advance Mathematical Biology: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
Kobra Rabiei, Grzegorz A. Rempala, Reinhard Laubenbacher, & Wenrui Hao
Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · 10.1007/s11538-026-01744-x
2026
Ethically integrated generative AI for reading and vocabulary development in higher education: an experimental study of efficacy and learner perceptions
Shaista Rashid, Sadia Malik, & Fatima Ghauri
Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education · 10.1186/s40862-026-00451-3
2025
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Whistleblowing in Ethiopian Public Educational Institutions: Perspectives of Individuals with Disabilities
Yelkal Mulualem Walle, Seyoum Tilahun Gedefaw, & Haregot Abreha Bezabih
Journal of Academic Ethics · 10.1007/s10805-025-09630-2
Via Retraction Watch, https://retractionwatch.com/2025/12/02/fake-references-chatgpt-journal-academic-ethics-springer-nature-whistleblowing/
2025
RETRACTED ARTICLE: From Surgery to Strength: The Case for Mental Health Integration in Ileostomy Care
Marie Atallah
Digestive Diseases and Sciences · 10.1007/s10620-025-09054-3
Referred via https://retractionwatch.com/2026/03/06/librarian-finds-preposterous-number-of-fake-references-in-paper-from-springer-nature-journal/
2025
Evolution Cybercrime—Key Trends, Cybersecurity Threats, and Mitigation Strategies from Historical Data
Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Munib Nawaz, Bilal Saleem, Maila Zahra, Effa binte Ashfaq, & Zia Muhammad
Analytics · 10.3390/analytics4030025
2026
The examined institution: academic freedom, freedom of thought, and the politics of knowledge in Further and Higher Education
Anastasia Christou, Rosalind Latiner Raby, & Steve Lambert
Journal of Further and Higher Education · 10.1080/0309877X.2026.2664329
Via Retraction Watch, https://retractionwatch.com/2026/09/08/editors-of-higher-education-journal-coauthor-editorial-with-fake-references/
2026
What Hinders Reintegration? A Qualitative Study on the Challenges Faced by Formerly Incarcerated Individuals in China
Chaoxin Ren & Shengsheng Lai
Crime & Delinquency · 10.1177/00111287261485821
2026
Alzheimer's Disease Detection via Large Pre-Trained Speech and Language Models: Taxonomy, Progress, and Open Challenges
Yuan-Chao Li, Yilin Pan, Yin-Long Liu, Liu He, Qi Sun, Siyu Zhang, Wei-Qiang Zhang, Saturnino Luz, Zhenhua Ling, & Jiahong Yuan
Center for Open Science · 10.31234/osf.io/s57tz_v2
2026
Large language models outperform humans at estimating society’s everyday norms
Kimmo Eriksson, Simon Karlsson, Irina Vartanova, & Pontus Strimling
Communications AI & Computing · 10.1038/s44488-026-00018-8
2026
Generative artificial intelligence produces differential academic outcomes across socioeconomic, linguistic, and disability contexts
Mayadhar Sethy
Discover Sustainability · 10.1007/s43621-026-04645-0
2026
Counting Without Numbers and Finding Without Words
Badri Narayana Patro
arXiv · 10.48550/arxiv.2603.24470
V2
2026
LLMOrbit: A Circular Taxonomy of Large Language Models -From Scaling Walls to Agentic AI Systems
Badri N. Patro & Vijay S. Agneeswaran
arXiv · 10.48550/arxiv.2601.14053
V2
2026
Do National Violent Cultural Traits Explain Elevated Homicide Rates in Latin America?
Don Soo Chon
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · 10.1177/0306624X261481187
2025
Integrating AI Systems in Criminal Justice: The Forensic Expert as a Corridor Between Algorithms and Courtroom Evidence
Ido Hefetz
Forensic Sciences · 10.3390/forensicsci5040053
2026
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Triage of Cervical Biopsies Using the Low-Cost, 3D-printed OpenFlexure Microscope: a Paired Comparative Feasibility Study
Maisha Corrielus, Kelsey Hummel, Andrew L. Valesano, Jerome Cheng, Joe Knapper, Richard Bowman, Julian Stirling, Daniel G. Rosen, Meghan Brennan, & Mustafa Yousif
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · 10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104993
2026
Counterfactuals and uncertainty-based explainable paradigm for the automated detection and segmentation of renal cysts in contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography: A multi-center study
Zohaib Salahuddin, Sheng Kuang, Abdalla Ibrahim, Yousif Widaatalla, Razvan L. Miclea, Oliver Morin, Spencer Behr, Marnix P.M. Kop, Tom Marcelissen, Patricia Zondervan, Auke Jager, Philippe Lambin, & Henry C. Woodruff
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · 10.1016/j.artmed.2026.103518
2026
Exploring the impact of multimodal generative artificial intelligence on CT dispositions in inquiry-based academic writing: a quasi-experimental analysis in higher education
Yijie He, Tianyue Niu, & Zakiah Mohamad Ashari
Frontiers in Education · 10.3389/feduc.2026.1926173
2026
Generative AI bias against scientific novelty: a cautionary tale from a small-sample evaluation of research proposals
Diogo Machado
Scientometrics · 10.1007/s11192-026-05792-x
2026
LLM in the middle: A systematic review of threats and mitigations to real-world LLM-based systems
Vitor Hugo Galhardo Moia, Igor Jochem Sanz, Gabriel Antonio Fontes Rebello, Rodrigo Duarte de Meneses, Briland Hitaj, & Ulf Lindqvist
Computer Science Review · 10.1016/j.cosrev.2026.100916
2026
What students ask matters: LLM interaction depth, task quality, and immediate recall in higher education
Vangelis Tsiligkiris
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · 10.1186/s41239-026-00617-6
2026
Unified taxonomy for multivariate time series anomaly detection using deep learning
Bruna Alves, Armando J. Pinho, & Sónia Gouveia
Artificial Intelligence Review · 10.1007/s10462-026-11660-0
2026
Large language models as judges: recent advances in LLM-based evaluation, critique, preference modeling, and feedback for text and code
Mihai Dan Nadăş
Artificial Intelligence Review · 10.1007/s10462-026-11652-0
2026
Technology-Facilitated Violence Against Women in Greece: A Qualitative Study of Professionals’ And Institutional Representatives’ Responses and Perspectives
Gkantona, G., Karakoula, P., & Kitsiou, A.
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · 10.1080/10926771.2026.2718749
2026
Technology-facilitated gender-based violence against women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Yonas Abebe Tarefa ,Abdul-Fatawu Abdulai
PloS ONE · 10.1371/journal.pone.0354526
2026
Mathematical analysis of the direction and stability of Hopf-bifurcation in a prey-predator model including a maturation and hunting delay
Traoré, A., Sangaré, B., & Savadogo, A.
Research in Mathematics · 10.1080/27684830.2025.2605846
2026
From crime to search engine: how crime predicts the search for security products?
Carlos Arango-Pastrana, Edwin Arango-Espinal & Carlos Osorio-Andrade
Security Journal · 10.1057/s41284-026-00566-9
2026
Can artificial intelligence (AI) predict cybersecurity risks? Qualitative evidence from the banking sector in an emerging economy
Hosain, M.S
Security Journal · 10.1057/s41284-026-00559-8
2026
Victimization, discrimination, community belonging and confidence in the police among young adults in Canada: A trauma-informed analysis
Quan Huu Nguyen, Hieu Van Ngo
British Journal of Criminology · 10.1093/bjc/azag080/8769856
2026
‘We’re recording you too, bud:’ body-worn cameras, citizen journalism, and the changing landscape of police visibility
Sandhu, A., & Thompson, S. K.
Policing and Society · 10.1080/10439463.2026.2724367
2026
Rethinking hybristophilia: Media, culture, and the multidimensional construction of attraction to violent offenders
Fernández-Pérez, D.
Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal · 10.1177/17416590261480060
2026
Negotiating (un)professionalism in police uniforms: A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of officers’ and staff experiences
Camilla R De Camargo , Yuze Sha , Stephanie J Wallace , Lois Fairclough
British Journal of Criminology
2026
Spatiotemporal analysis of carjacking trends in Chicago before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdowns: implications for organized crime
Frank Gyebi Asiamah
Trends in Organized Crime · 10.1007/s12117-026-09617-4
Includes a prescient paper on Covid and crime patterns in 2019!
2026
From Locard to Court: The Scientific Foundations and Legal Admissibility of Firearm Evidence in Court
Maboa, M.
Forensic Sciences · 10.3390/forensicsci6030064
2026
Contemporary retail security and loss prevention practices: an empirical assessment of the commercial sector in Dhaka and Chittagong metropolitan
Roy et al.
Crime Prevention and Community Safety · 10.1057/s41300-026-00244-3
2026
Towards a Problem-Oriented Domain Adaptation Framework for Machine Learning
Information Systems Frontiers · 10.1007/s10796-026-10799-z
2026
Intersecting Generational, Gender, and Racial Disparities in Intimate Partner Physical and Sexual Violence: A Multivariate Analysis of Victimization and Perpetration
Sunday B. Fakunmoju
Archives of Sexual Behavior · 10.1007/s10508-026-03494-2
2026
Assertiveness & Maintaining Control in Enforcement Interactions: A Retrospective Analysis of Training Efficacy, Communication Styles, and Operational Outcomes (2016-2026)
SF Syed Abdul Rahman
SSRN
2026
Scientific impact at the expense of happiness? Work/life balance in performance-driven research careers
Joaquín M Azagra-Caro, Ana M Tur-Porcar
Research Evaluation · 10.1093/reseval/rvag030
2026
Strait of Hormuz: The Geopolitical to Cybercrime Cascade Framework and the 2026 US-Israel-Iran Conflict
Suleman Lazarus, Gargi Sarkar
Deviant Behavior · 10.1080/01639625.2026.2710402
2026
When home becomes a crime scene: Women victims of domestic burglary and their experiences of police interaction
Ofri Rechavy, Inbal Wilamovski
The British Journal of Criminology · 10.1093/bjc/azag076
2026
Development and validation of the Sources of Stress and Unease in Incarcerated Individuals Scale (SSUIS): a psychometric instrument for assessing inmate stressors in correctional settings. An exploratory study
Psychology, Crime & Law · 10.1080/1068316X.2026.2710387
2026
Violence exposure among adolescent psychiatric patients in Nepal: Socio-demographic and familial risk factors
Rampukar Sah et al.
PLoS One · 10.1371/journal.pone.0355947
2026
Pandemic-Driven Adaptations in Community Supervision: Resilience or Fragility in Experiences for Clients and Staff
Phillips, L. C., Viglione, J., & Taxman, F. S.
Criminal Justice and Behavior · 10.1177/00938548261473807
2026
How LLMs Distort Our Written Language
Marwa Abdulhai, Isadora White, Yanming Wan, Ibrahim Qureshi, Joel Leibo, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Natasha Jaques
arXiv · 10.48550/arXiv.2603.18161
Paper with authors affiliated with Google DeepMind. See the VerusCite blog post for a walkthrough of the error types.
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