Executing Dynamic JavaScript Code on Supabase with Edge Functions

We're always looking for ways to improve the developer experience and reduce complexity across your application development pipeline. One way you can use Supabase to do that is with dynamic JavaScript in Edge Functions. This greatly increases the versatility of your edge functions and reduces the need for you to redeploy your functions if you need to change business logic.

Edge Functions in Supabase are serverless functions that execute in response to HTTP requests. These functions are deployed at the edge, meaning they run close to the user's location, resulting in faster response times.

Why Use Dynamic Code Execution?#

Dynamic code execution allows you to modify and run JavaScript code on the fly without having to redeploy your function each time the code changes. This is particularly useful when you need the flexibility to execute different logic depending on the incoming request, without incurring the overhead of redeployment.

Prerequisites#

To follow along, you will need:

A Supabase project
Supabase CLI installed on your local machine
Orb Stack or Docker Desktop installed on your local machine
Environment variables set up in Vault, ensuring it passes validation in the function (e.g., service_role)

Edge Functions defaults to the verification of the JWT, so it could be called with the ANON API Key. Make sure to implement proper security measures.

We have a repo with the SQL script to create helper functions to support the dynamic execution of JavaScript code. You can find the repo here: supa-dynamic

Install the SQL script supa-dynamic--0.1.sql from the repo in your Supabase project. (You can copy and paste the code from the repo into the SQL editor in your Supabase project.) These are the functions we'll use to execute the JavaScript code:

edge.http_request(url text, method text, headers jsonb, params jsonb, payload jsonb, timeout_ms integer) RETURNS jsonb: Makes an HTTP request with the specified parameters.
edge_wrapper(code text) RETURNS text: Executes the provided JavaScript code.
edge.get_secret(secret_name text) RETURNS text: Retrieves a secret from Vault.

Deep Dive into the helper functions (optional)#

You can skip this section if you are only interested in using the dynamic execution of JavaScript code. However, if you want to understand how the helper functions work, keep reading.

Function: edge.http_request#

This function handles the actual HTTP request and processes the response. It ensures consistency in response format.

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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.http_request(

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url TEXT,

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method TEXT DEFAULT 'POST',

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headers JSONB DEFAULT '{"Content-Type": "application/json"}'::jsonb,

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params JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,

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payload JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,

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timeout_ms INTEGER DEFAULT 5000

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) RETURNS jsonb AS $$

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DECLARE

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http_response extensions.http_response;

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status_code integer := 0;

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response_json jsonb;

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response_text text;

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header_array extensions.http_header[];

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request extensions.http_request;

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BEGIN

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-- Set the timeout option

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IF timeout_ms > 0 THEN

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PERFORM http_set_curlopt('CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS', timeout_ms::text);

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END IF;

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-- Convert headers JSONB to http_header array

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SELECT array_agg(extensions.http_header(key, value::text))

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FROM jsonb_each_text(headers)

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INTO header_array;

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-- Construct the http_request composite type

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request := ROW(method, url, header_array, 'application/json', payload::text)::extensions.http_request;

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-- Make the HTTP request

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http_response := http(request);

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status_code := http_response.status;

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-- Attempt to extract JSONB response content

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BEGIN

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response_json := http_response.content::jsonb;

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EXCEPTION

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WHEN others THEN

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response_text := http_response.content;

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response_json := jsonb_build_object('status_code', status_code, 'response', response_text);

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END;

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RETURN jsonb_build_object('status_code', status_code, 'response', response_json);

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END;

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$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Function: edge.edge_wrapper#

The edge_wrapper function manages HTTP requests with features like retries, custom headers, and region selection. Below are the parameters it accepts:

url: The endpoint to call.
method: HTTP method, defaulting to POST.
headers: Custom headers to include, including region information.
timeout_ms: Timeout duration in milliseconds.
max_retries: Maximum retry attempts for the request.

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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.edge_wrapper(

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url TEXT,

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method TEXT DEFAULT 'POST',

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headers JSONB DEFAULT '{"Content-Type": "application/json"}'::jsonb,

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params JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,

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payload JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb, -- Payload as JSONB

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timeout_ms INTEGER DEFAULT 5000,

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max_retries INTEGER DEFAULT 0,

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allowed_regions TEXT[] DEFAULT NULL

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) RETURNS jsonb AS $$

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DECLARE

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retry_count INTEGER := 0;

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retry_delays DOUBLE PRECISION[] := ARRAY[0, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000, 2.500, 5.000];

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succeeded BOOLEAN := FALSE;

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current_region_index INTEGER := 1; -- Start index at 1 for PostgreSQL array

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combined_headers JSONB;

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response_json JSONB;

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BEGIN

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-- Validate headers, params, and payload are JSON objects

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IF headers IS NULL OR NOT jsonb_typeof(headers) = 'object' THEN

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RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid headers parameter: %', headers;

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END IF;

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IF params IS NULL OR NOT jsonb_typeof(params) = 'object' THEN

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RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid params parameter: %', params;

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END IF;

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IF payload IS NULL OR NOT jsonb_typeof(payload) = 'object' THEN

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RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid payload parameter: %', payload;

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END IF;

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-- Validate allowed_regions if provided

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IF allowed_regions IS NOT NULL AND cardinality(allowed_regions) = 0 THEN

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RAISE EXCEPTION 'allowed_regions parameter cannot be an empty array';

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END IF;

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-- Check if retry_delays has enough elements

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IF cardinality(retry_delays) < max_retries + 1 THEN

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RAISE EXCEPTION 'retry_delays array must have at least % elements', max_retries + 1;

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END IF;

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-- Retry loop

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WHILE NOT succeeded AND retry_count <= max_retries LOOP

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combined_headers := headers;

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-- Set x-region header if allowed_regions is provided

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IF allowed_regions IS NOT NULL AND cardinality(allowed_regions) > 0 THEN

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combined_headers := combined_headers || jsonb_build_object('x-region', allowed_regions[current_region_index]);

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END IF;

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-- Sleep if not the first attempt

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IF retry_count > 0 THEN

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PERFORM pg_sleep(retry_delays[retry_count]);

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END IF;

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retry_count := retry_count + 1;

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-- Increment region index, wrapping around if necessary

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IF allowed_regions IS NOT NULL AND cardinality(allowed_regions) > 0 THEN

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current_region_index := current_region_index + 1;

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IF current_region_index > cardinality(allowed_regions) THEN

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current_region_index := 1;

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END IF;

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END IF;

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BEGIN

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RAISE WARNING 'headers:%s', combined_headers;

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-- Call the simplified HTTP request function

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response_json := edge.http_request(url, method, combined_headers, params, payload, timeout_ms);

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-- Check the status code

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IF (response_json->>'status_code')::INTEGER < 500 THEN

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succeeded := TRUE;

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END IF;

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EXCEPTION

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WHEN OTHERS THEN

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IF retry_count > max_retries THEN

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RAISE EXCEPTION 'HTTP request failed after % retries. SQL Error: { %, % }',

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max_retries, SQLERRM, SQLSTATE;

_87

END IF;

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END;

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END LOOP;

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RETURN response_json;

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END;

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$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

To securely manage secrets, you will need to set your service_role_key in Vault. Here’s how you can create a function to retrieve secrets:

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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.get_secret(secret_name text) RETURNS text

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LANGUAGE "plpgsql"

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AS $$

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DECLARE

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decrypted text;

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BEGIN

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IF current_setting('request.jwt.claims', true)::jsonb->>'role' = 'service_role' OR current_user = 'postgres' THEN

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SELECT decrypted_secret

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INTO decrypted

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FROM vault.decrypted_secrets

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WHERE name = secret_name;

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RETURN decrypted;

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ELSE

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RAISE EXCEPTION 'Access denied: only service_role or postgres user can execute this function.';

_17

END IF;

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END;

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$$;

This function can retrieve the service_role secret from Vault, it also ensures that only authorized roles can access sensitive environment variables.

Let's dive into the code and set up our dynamic JavaScript executor Edge Function using Deno. Below is an overview of how to accomplish this.

Code Walkthrough#

We'll create a function named multi-purpose:

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supabase functions new multi-purpose

Now, we'll edit the code adding verification and the eval function, including the supabase client so we have it ready without the need to import.

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import "jsr:@supabase/functions-js/edge-runtime.d.ts";

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// Import the supabase client

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import { createClient } from "<https://esm.sh/@supabase/supabase-js@2>";

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console.log("===\\n\\tBooted Edge Worker!\\n===\\n");

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const supabase_url = Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_URL") ?? "";

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const service_role = Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY");

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// Set the permission to service_role key:

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const supabase = createClient(supabase_url, service_role);

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// This allows us to use Supabase.ai in the function

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const session = new Supabase.ai.Session('gte-small');

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Deno.serve(async (req: Request) =>

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const authorization = req.headers.get("Authorization");

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if (!authorization) throw new Error("Authorization header is missing.");

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// Ensures that the function is called with service_role to prevent missuse

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if (!authorization.includes(service_role)) {

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throw new Error("Authorization header is invalid.");

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}

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const { code } = await req.json();

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try {

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// Wrap the provided code in an async function context

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const asyncFunction = new Function('supabase', `

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return (async () => {

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${code.replace(/\\\\/g, '')}

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})();

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`);

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// Pass the Supabase client as the scope for the function to use:

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const data = await asyncFunction(supabase);

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console.log(data);

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return new Response(

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JSON.stringify({ data }),

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{ headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Connection': 'keep-alive' } },

_44

);

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} catch (error) {

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console.error("Error executing user code:", error);

_44

return new Response(

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JSON.stringify({ error: "An error occurred -> " + error.message }),

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{ status: 500, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }

_44

);

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}

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});

Note: If you need more details, check the full guide to create an edge function.

Step-by-Step Walkthrough#

Validate Authorization: First, we ensure the request contains a valid authorization header. (this prevents calls from anon users)

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const authorization = req.headers.get('Authorization')

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if (!authorization) throw new Error('Authorization header is missing.')

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// Ensures that the function is called with service_role to prevent missuse

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if (!authorization.includes(service_role)) {

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throw new Error('Authorization header is invalid.')

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}

Receive JavaScript Code Payload: Extract the code from the request body.

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const { code } = await req.json()

Wrap Code in Async Context: Use new Function() to create an async function that executes the incoming JavaScript code. This allows async calls in the code to be executed:

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try {

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// Wrap the provided code in an async function context

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const asyncFunction = new Function('supabase', `

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return (async () => {

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${code.replace(/\\\\/g, '')}

_10

})();

_10

`);

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}

Execute and Return Results: Run the JavaScript code, which can interact with Supabase via the provided client, and return the results.

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// Pass the Supabase client as the scope for the function to use:

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const data = await asyncFunction(supabase)

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console.log(data)

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return new Response(JSON.stringify({ data }), {

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headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Connection: 'keep-alive' },

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})

Deploying the Edge Function#

To deploy this Edge Function, you'll need to use the Supabase CLI. Ensure you have Docker installed and running on your local machine. Follow these steps to deploy:

Install the Supabase CLI: If you haven't already, install the Supabase CLI by following the instructions in the Supabase CLI Documentation.
Log In to Supabase: Use the command supabase login to authenticate your account.
Deploy the Function: Run the command supabase functions deploy <function_name> to deploy your Edge Function. Replace <function_name> with the desired name for your function.

Setting Environment Variables in Vault#

Creating the main function to interact with the edge function#

We are using the helper functions defined earlier to create a function that interacts with the edge function. This function will execute the dynamic JavaScript code and return the results. This is the main function that will be used to execute the dynamic JavaScript code and return the results.

`edge.exec` Function#

The edge.exec is a simple function leverages edge_wrapper to execute dynamic JavaScript code. Here's an example of how it is structured:

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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.exec(data text) RETURNS JSONB LANGUAGE plpgsql

_23

AS $function$

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DECLARE

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custom_headers JSONB;

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-- Example restricting regions available to Europe

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allowed_regions TEXT[] := ARRAY['eu-west-1', 'eu-west-2', 'eu-west-3', 'eu-north-1', 'eu-central-1'];

_23

BEGIN

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-- Set headers with anon key and Content-Type

_23

custom_headers := jsonb_build_object(

_23

'Authorization', 'Bearer ' || edge.get_secret('service_role_key'),

_23

'Content-Type', 'application/json',

_23

'x-region', allowed_regions

_23

);

_23

-- Call edge_wrapper function with default values

_23

RETURN edge.edge_wrapper(

_23

url := ('https://<ref>.supabase.co/functions/v1/multi-purpose'),

_23

headers := custom_headers,

_23

payload := jsonb_build_object('code', data),

_23

max_retries := 5,

_23

allowed_regions := allowed_regions

_23

);

_23

END;

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$function$;

Executing Dynamic JavaScript Code#

The key to executing the dynamic JavaScript code is wrapping it in an async function context using new Function(). This approach lets you evaluate the code in isolation while retaining access to the supabase client for interacting with your database. You can check the examples of how to use this calling the supabase client or even generating embeddings.

Example of Using Supabase Client Libraries#

To demonstrate the execution of dynamic JavaScript, you can use the Supabase client libraries within the SQL context. Here’s an example query:

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SELECT edge.exec(

_12

$js$

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const { data, error } = await supabase.rpc('postgres_function', {'foo': 'bar'});

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if (error) {

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return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: "An error occurred ->" + error.message }), {

_12

status: 500,

_12

headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },

_12

});

_12

}

_12

return data;

_12

$js$

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);

Example: Generating Embeddings#

The edge.exec function allows for dynamic JavaScript execution, such as interacting with an AI session to generate embeddings. When executed, the JavaScript code within the SQL context runs through the edge function, returning results to the database.

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select edge.exec(

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$js$

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const session = new Supabase.ai.Session('gte-small');

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return await session.run('hello world');

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$js$);

You can also create a Postgres function to generate embeddings:

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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.generate_embedding(input_text TEXT) RETURNS JSONB AS $$

_22

DECLARE

_22

response JSONB;

_22

BEGIN

_22

-- Call the edge function to generate the embedding for the provided text

_22

response := edge.exec(

_22

format(

_22

$js$

_22

const session = new Supabase.ai.Session('gte-small');

_22

return await session.run(%L);

_22

$js$,

_22

input_text

_22

)

_22

);

_22

RETURN response->'response'->'data';

_22

END;

_22

$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

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select edge.generate_embedding('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');

_22

-- response:

_22

-- [-0.07254139333963394,-0.02173878252506256,0.042930446565151215,0.04853367060422897,0.015609614551067352,0.02912059798836708,0.0371023565530777,0.05054798722267151,0.0035842431243509054,0.0015563230263069272,0.0009484672918915749,-0.09247169643640518,0.04190639406442642,0.05874202027916908,-0.012341015040874481,0.01661474071443081,-0.013452880084514618,0.003742767730727792,-0.07664268463850021,0.03231268376111984,0.0006968052475713193,-0.06508929282426834,-0.04956015944480896,-0.014327225275337696,0.03270547464489937,0.01635774038732052,-0.022707758471369743,-0.007586371619254351,-0.03548099845647812,-0.17844657599925995,0.03325255215167999,-0.07009242475032806,0.02982083335518837,-0.05649203434586525,-0.006693259347230196,-0.02781110256910324,-0.01687553897500038,0.04976152256131172,-0.015715090557932854,0.038247860968112946,0.040495794266462326,-0.007263457402586937,-0.019288228824734688,-0.0527581050992012,-0.0065462407656013966,-0.022786622866988182,-0.04975651577115059,-0.04053974151611328,0.03047902137041092,-0.05064946785569191,-0.023929744958877563,-0.03891737014055252,0.03785012289881706,-0.0133274607360363,0.03001898154616356,-0.007281183265149593,0.060004156082868576,0.017414024099707603,0.025516854599118233,0.029599720612168312,0.02893918938934803,0.03455337509512901,-0.14698833227157593,0.09387505799531937,0.05768263339996338,0.019130567088723183,-0.0380706787109375,-0.04105521738529205,0.008963614702224731,0.012743324972689152,0.009223062545061111,0.060711149126291275,0.007398003712296486,0.04229794815182686,0.046996768563985825,-0.003397924592718482,0.00808036606758833,0.022617157548666,-0.01847437582910061,0.0026343590579926968,-0.010598739609122276,-0.037673674523830414,-0.04375630244612694,-0.0007789010996930301,-0.007935777306556702,-0.03272915259003639,0.021433845162391663,-0.07967976480722427,0.06888656318187714,0.07489841431379318,-0.02783842757344246,-0.006374717690050602,-0.035476282238960266,0.006344574969261885,-0.03357071802020073,-0.036727335304021835,0.012309364043176174,-0.00006389369809767231,-0.053050097078084946,0.19709722697734833,-0.05575009435415268,0.05757850036025047,0.0951322615146637,-0.04633559286594391,0.03476420044898987,0.012983368709683418,0.0004390157700981945,0.010212302207946777,-0.012741461396217346,0.014706282876431942,0.03321540355682373,-0.006495281588286161,0.041682176291942596,0.003406582633033395,0.02581774815917015,-0.0007246752502396703,0.011133069172501564,0.08353550732135773,0.006477882619947195,0.00224463758058846,0.020395604893565178,-0.013416256755590439,0.05663946643471718,-0.028388522565364838,0.019082417711615562,-0.08387858420610428,0.054498571902513504,0.10694538056850433,0.06286843866109848,0.03180928900837898,0.037740662693977356,-0.07479764521121979,0.010231229476630688,-0.04866624251008034,0.004061027429997921,0.0362103171646595,-0.009540606290102005,0.00915283989161253,0.031154874712228775,-0.04876647889614105,-0.015956921502947807,-0.1429857611656189,-0.01470054779201746,-0.09399641305208206,-0.019157350063323975,0.02896934375166893,-0.018669532611966133,0.014991801232099533,-0.06764508783817291,0.027312103658914566,-0.003859955817461014,0.025718173012137413,-0.018675100058317184,-0.016409857198596,-0.021459592506289482,0.004702075384557247,-0.0323822982609272,0.10394860059022903,-0.020106177777051926,-0.008876764215528965,-0.027185838669538498,0.0003392586368136108,-0.009877108968794346,-0.0004303457390051335,0.04185814782977104,-0.05188998952507973,-0.021185973659157753,0.00026368125691078603,-0.02180171199142933,-0.03400561958551407,0.020068379119038582,0.034275852143764496,-0.10943055897951126,0.031987469643354416,0.054017845541238785,-0.009243185631930828,-0.07103140652179718,0.00785127654671669,-0.0040434580296278,-0.05036382004618645,0.07858535647392273,-0.08356015384197235,-0.06914680451154709,0.06180981919169426,0.043073058128356934,-0.020246226340532303,-0.015496478416025639,-0.005946696270257235,0.006562687456607819,0.04845070466399193,-0.029123008251190186,0.02194702997803688,0.002446065191179514,-0.06825454533100128,-0.07056894898414612,0.01598423719406128,-0.04185032472014427,-0.01633128523826599,0.014294272288680077,-0.01768324337899685,0.05590462312102318,-0.044063832610845566,0.02461099997162819,0.0006756667862646282,0.07429251074790955,0.011551265604794025,0.014212443493306637,-0.02237367257475853,0.039057254791259766,0.000325449975207448,-0.004185846075415611,-0.003040974261239171,0.01800958439707756,-0.02479490265250206,-0.019247515127062798,0.04366869106888771,-0.027130864560604095,0.018955133855342865,0.03239727392792702,0.03226468712091446,0.06487660109996796,-0.06456360220909119,0.0006639647181145847,-0.20788206160068512,0.05066373199224472,-0.012870946899056435,-0.034873317927122116,0.023824242874979973,-0.02305314689874649,0.030056791380047798,-0.06937119364738464,0.0642433762550354,0.05418730527162552,0.06050065532326698,-0.04655877873301506,-0.026898164302110672,-0.003803820814937353,0.002598312683403492,0.1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Example: Creating Users via Admin API#

You can also leverage the admin API to create users:

_10

select edge.exec(

_10

$js$

_10

const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.admin.createUser({

_10

email: 'user@email.com',

_10

password: 'password',

_10

user_metadata: { name: 'Yoda' }

_10

});

_10

$js$));

As you can see, combining dynamic Javascript in Edge Functions with a few SQL support functions gets you a powerful new set of tools. By leveraging the edge_wrapper, edge.http_request, and edge.exec functions, developers can create robust and flexible serverless applications that can dynamically execute JavaScript code while interacting with PostgreSQL databases.

As we continue to build and innovate with Supabase, combining edge functions and SQL support functions opens up new avenues for building scalable, efficient, and secure applications. Whether developing a simple project or a complex application, these tools provide the flexibility and power to bring your ideas to life.

Why Use Dynamic Code Execution?#

Prerequisites#

Deep Dive into the helper functions (optional)#

Function: edge.http_request#

Function: edge.edge_wrapper#

Code Walkthrough#

Step-by-Step Walkthrough#

Deploying the Edge Function#

Setting Environment Variables in Vault#

Creating the main function to interact with the edge function#

edge.exec Function#

Executing Dynamic JavaScript Code#

Example of Using Supabase Client Libraries#

Example: Generating Embeddings#

Example: Creating Users via Admin API#

`edge.exec` Function#