Amateur Telescope Making Main Page

Russell Porter
Grinding a Mirror
"For it is true that astronomy, from a popular standpoint, is handicapped by the inability of the average workman to own an expensive astronomical telescope. It is also true that if an amateur starts out to build a telescope just for fun he will find, before his labors are over, that he has become seriously interested in the wonderful mechanism of our universe. And finally there is understandably the stimulus of being able to unlock the mysteries of the heavens by a tool fashioned by one's own hand."
Russell W. Porter
Founder of Stellafane, March 1923
Introduction
A lot has changed since Russell Porter wrote those words - today the "average workman" can afford to buy an already made telescope and Dobsonian mountings are very popular. Much is also unchanged - mirror grinding techniques are very similar to those written up by Porter and Ingalls in the 20´s and 30´s. Many amateur astronomers still choose to fabricate their own instruments, for the pride of accomplishment, the gaining of knowledge and the insurance of quality. Telescope making is at the heart of the Springfield Telescope Makers - after all it is two thirds of our club's name - and on these pages we hope to show you that you too can make your own telescope - and it can be an excellent performer!
A note on ATM techniques: There are almost as many ways to make mirrors and telescopes as there are telescope makers. On these pages we present one or more ways that have worked for us, but that doesn't mean there aren't many other valid approaches. In fact, many of us enjoy ATMing because we can experiment with different techniques and sometimes find better ways of making or building a telescope. And even if our new technique isn't better, we usually learn something valuable in the process. On these pages, however, we have tried to stick with simple and proven techniques that are most appropriate for novice mirror and telescope makers, and are generally what we teach beginners at the Stellafane Mirror Class.
Amateur Telescope Making Table of Contents
General Information
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Selecting a Telescope
Provides basic information about telescope for beginners, and briefly discusses important factors that should be considered in Selecting a First Telescope.
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Mirror Making Myths & Information for the Curious
There are a lot of misconceptions about making a mirror - read this even if you don't plan to make a mirror, but just want to know how it is done - with your bare hands and a few simple tools, you can grind and figure a fine mirror with a surface accurate to a few millionths of an inch!
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Telescope Formulas and Design Comparator
This page has formulas for many telescope and mirror parameters. It will calculate parameters for two different telescope designs and compare the results for you. It provides data to help in selecting a telescope, and also provides information necessary for mirror making and testing.
Telescope Mirror Making
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Overview of Mirror Making

Pyrex Mirror Blanks -
Materials and Tools
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The Mirror Blank
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The Tools: Grinding & Polishing
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Grits & Pitch
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Grinding Stand: Barrel, Stand or Turntable
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Storage Containers: Mirror, Pitch Lap & Grit
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Miscellaneous
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Grinding
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Making a Tile Tool
- Making a Plaster Disk
- Tile Tool Problems - What to do
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Selecting a Surface to Grind
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Beveling the Edges
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Rough Grinding
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Fine Grinding
- When to Switch Grits
- About Scratches
- The Pencil Test - checking for "Good Contact"

Polishing in the McGregor Observatory -
Measuring Sagitta
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Polishing
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Figuring
Introduction to Figuring
A Change of Pace - Figuring first to a Sphere and then to a Parabola
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Mirror Coatings
Aluminizing, Silvering & Enhanced Coatings -
Mirror Making References & Calculators
Optical Testing

Cody Tests his Mirror
Testing Overview
Why we advocate using both Ronchi & Foucault Tests.
Video that reviews all common amateur test techniques.Basic Testing Knowledge
Mirror Quality
How good is Good Enough?Practical Testing
Setting up your Tester
Testing for a Sphere with a Good Edge
Testing for a Parabola
Auto-Collimation Testing
Telescope System Tests
- The Star Test
- The Ronchi Test
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Building Mirror Test Equipment
Complete plans for all the test equipment you need to accurately test and figure your mirror.
The Stellafane Tester-
Build a Foucault / Ronchi / Knife-Edge Tester
- Page 1: Base & Stage
- Page 2: Head & Setup Aids
- Page 3: Electrical
- Page 4: After Thoughts
- Page 5: Parts Reference
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Build an Adjustable Mirror Test Stand
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Make a Couder Mask and Everest Pin Stick
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Calculate Mirror Zones
to make a Mask or Pin Stick for your mirror. -
Print a Ronchi Screen
on your Inkjet or Laser Printer
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Foucault Data Reduction Software
Build a Dobsonian Telescope
Plans for building a Newtonian Optical Tube and a Dobsonian
Mount for 4 to 12 inch telescopes.Complete step-by-step instructions for both the optical tube
and Dobsonian mount.
ATM Resources & References
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Books & Periodicals
Information about the publications we use to develop or check the information on these pages. -
Internet Resources on our Links Page
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ATM Web Pages
Hundreds of links to all aspects of telescope making on the internet. -
ATM Material Suppliers
US suppliers of Mirror Blanks, Grinding & Polishing Supplies, and Telescope Making Supplies. -
Astronomy Clubs
Many can offer help with your project. -
Astronomy Conventions & Star Parties
A good place to look at various telescopes and chat with their owners.
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Mirror Making Courses & Workshops
A world-wide list of Mirror Making Courses we know about, part of our Mirror Class section.
