This report is based on the third annual Django Developers Survey, conducted in September – October 2023 as a collaborative effort between the Django Software Foundation and PyCharm. To help us get a better idea of the current state of the framework and the ecosystem around it, around 4,000 Django users and enthusiasts from around the world took the survey.
Django usage
For what purposes do you mainly use Django?
Both for work and for my personal, educational, or side projects
Only for my personal, educational, or side projects
What versions of Django do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| – | – | 69% | 4.2 |
| – | 55% | 25% | 4.1 |
| – | 34% | 16% | 4.0 |
| 75% | 47% | 28% | 3.2 |
| 30% | 10% | 5% | 3.1 |
| 39% | 13% | 8% | 3.0 or lower |
| 3% | 3% | 4% | I’m not sure |
When the survey was conducted in September – October 2023, 4.2, 4.1 and 3.2 were the only versions actively supported by Django. Versions 4.0, 3.1 and 3.0 and below no longer had security support.
What Django version do you use for new projects?
How do you create new Django projects?100+
Using Cookiecutter Django
Using custom-made tool for this
Using Django Material Kit
Using django-react-boilerplate
How often do you upgrade Django in your projects?
Every monthly point release
I use an unsupported version of Django
Technologies and frameworks
What database backend(s) do you use?100+
What cache backend(s) do you use?100+
What GeoDjango backend(s) do you use?100+
What Django contrib apps do you find most useful?100+
What are your 3 favorite core components?100+
Django management commands
What template engine do you use?100+
Which types of testing are used in your project?100+
What test frameworks do you use?100+
pytest
pytest-django
unittest (manage.py test)
coverage
Selenium
Since last year, Selenium and Playwright have grown in popularity from 10% to 15% and from 3% to 9%, respectively. Playwright also has a nice pytest plugin and can be run in Docker containers.
Which async technologies do you use?100+
ASGI
asyncio
FastAPI
Uvicorn
Channels
Although Django has great built-in support for writing and deploying async views under ASGI, FastAPI is still more popular among Django developers. This might change as Django's async support continues to mature in the coming releases.
What CSS framework(s) do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 68% | 62% | 56% | Bootstrap |
| 15% | 22% | 29% | Tailwind CSS |
| 14% | 13% | 18% | Pure CSS |
| 12% | 9% | 11% | Material Design/Lite |
| 6% | 6% | 8% | Bulma |
| 3% | 2% | 4% | Semantic UI |
| 2% | 1% | 5% | Foundation |
| 2% | 2% | 3% | UI Kit |
| 1% | 1% | 3% | Skeleton |
| 0% | 0% | 2% | Susy |
| 4% | 5% | 5% | Other |
| 16% | 17% | 15% | None |
For the third year in a row, we continue to see a downward trend for Bootstrap and significant growth for Tailwind CSS, whose popularity has doubled in the last two years. Read this article from the package creator Tim Kamanin if you’d like to get started using Tailwind CSS in Django.
What JavaScript framework(s) do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37% | 36% | 35% | React |
| 37% | 32% | 31% | jQuery |
| 5% | 16% | 23% | htmx |
| 28% | 25% | 19% | Vue |
| 10% | 8% | 10% | Angular |
| 3% | 6% | 10% | Alpine.js |
| 1% | 1% | 4% | Backbone |
| – | 3% | 4% | Svelte |
| 1% | 1% | 3% | Ember |
| 0% | 0% | 3% | Mako |
| 3% | 4% | 4% | Other |
| 20% | 19% | 18% | None |
What are your 5 favorite third-party Django packages?100+
djangorestframework
django-debug-toolbar
django-celery
django-allauth
django-cors-headers
What do you use Django for?100+
Development tools
What is your primary text editor or IDE?100+
What is your primary local operating system?100+
What continuous integration systems do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35% | 42% | 45% | GitHub Actions |
| 27% | 28% | 25% | GitLab CI |
| 12% | 10% | 11% | Jenkins/Hudson |
| 8% | 8% | 5% | CircleCI |
| – | – | 5% | AWS CodePipeline |
| – | – | 5% | Azure Pipelines |
| 6% | 2% | 4% | Travis CI |
| – | – | 4% | Google Cloud Build |
| – | – | 3% | Buildkite |
| 1% | 1% | 2% | TeamCity |
| 7% | 6% | 4% | Other |
| 32% | 28% | 25% | None |
What configuration management tools do you use?100+
What Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) tools do you use?100+
Google Cloud Deployment Manager
Syntax and documentation
Do you currently use type hints in your Django code?
Which type checker do you use?100+
How much do you contribute to the documentation of the software you’re involved in developing?
A little, or hardly ever
What do you use to host and publish documentation for the software you’re involved in developing?100+
We don’t publish documentation
What principles do you adopt in the documentation for the software you’re involved in developing?100+
No explicitly adopted information architecture
Formal documentation review
Code will not be merged without relevant documentation
Explicit style guide for contributors
Other information architecture
What systems and languages do you use to create and build documentation?100+
Languages and frameworks
Is Python your main programming language?
No, I use Python as a secondary language
What other programming language(s) do you use in addition to Python?100+
What is your main programming language?100+
This question was shown only to those whose primary language isn't Python.
Other than Django, what web frameworks do you use?100+
Which web framework do you use the most?100+
Resources
Which of the following do you use to follow Django development?100+
djangoproject.com
Stack Overflow
YouTube
Reddit (r/django)
Django Forum
Django News Newsletter
I don’t follow Django development
X (formerly Twitter)
Friends
Hacker News
In 2023, Django started actively managing a page on Mastodon. The biggest share of Mastodon users are in North America. Meanwhile, the share of X (formerly Twitter) users slightly decreased.
Shares of Django Forum have increased from 10% to 17% since last year, and Django Discord has increased in popularity as well. djangoproject.com encourages users to go to these two channels for community and support.
Which of the following do you prefer to use to learn Django?100+
djangoproject.com
StackOverflow
YouTube
Blogs
26% of developers are already using newly emerged AI tools to learn Django.
Which of the following web resources do you read or follow for Django, excluding the official Django channels?100+
X (formerly Twitter) handles
Python versions
What version(s) of Python do you use?100+
What do you typically use to upgrade your Python version?100+
Automatic updates via a cloud provider
Someone else manages Python updates for me
Which of the following tools do you use to isolate Python environments?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 44% | 55% | 52% | venv |
| 40% | 42% | 40% | Docker |
| 55% | 43% | 34% | Virtualenv |
| 13% | 19% | 21% | Poetry |
| 23% | 21% | 19% | Pipenv |
| 8% | 7% | 10% | Conda |
| 3% | 2% | 3% | Vagrant / virtual machines |
| 2% | 3% | 3% | Other |
| 3% | 3% | 5% | None |
What code formatters do you use?100+
Which top 5 Python packages do you rely on?100+
Psycopg2
Requests
Gunicorn
Celery
pytest
Support for psycopg 3.1.8+ was added in Django 4.2 and support for psycopg2 is likely to be deprecated and removed at some point in the future.
What linters do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26% | 41% | 42% | Black |
| 40% | 43% | 37% | Flake8 |
| 37% | 33% | 29% | pylint |
| 14% | 18% | 20% | mypy |
| 4% | 3% | 11% | Other |
| 26% | 23% | 21% | None |
Cloud
What cloud hosting platform do you use?100+
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 43% | 44% | 39% | AWS |
| 25% | 23% | 23% | DigitalOcean |
| 13% | 12% | 17% | Google Cloud Platform |
| 27% | 21% | 16% | Heroku |
| 11% | 10% | 13% | PythonAnywhere |
| 8% | 8% | 11% | Microsoft Azure |
| 6% | 7% | 9% | Linode |
| 1% | 1% | 5% | OpenStack |
| – | 3% | 5% | Fly.io |
| 1% | 1% | 4% | OpenShift |
| 0% | 0% | 4% | Rackspace |
| 11% | 13% | 17% | Other |
| 19% | 20% | 16% | None |
After Heroku eliminated its free product plans, its share of users dropped from 27% in 2021 to only 16% in 2023.
How do you run code in the cloud?100+
On a platform-as-a-service
What container orchestration services do you use in production?100+
How do you develop locally for the cloud?100+
With a local system interpreter
In remote development environments
Directly in the production environment
Containers
Do you use Docker containers, or something similar?100+
I use containers during development
The application I build runs in containers in production
Containers are used in the CI/CD process
I use containers for another purpose
What do you run inside Docker containers?100+
During development, where do you run your code?100+
Inside a container, on my computer
Using the system interpreter on my computer
Inside containers, on a different computer
On a different computer outside of containers
How do you deploy code to remote containers during development?100+
I use continuous integration
I build the container image locally and then push the image
I transfer code to the host machine and build the container there
I connect to the Docker engine remotely
How do you debug your application?100+
Using print or log statements
Do you debug your application on remote hosts, or in containers?100+
I only use log statements
I frequently use a debugger on my application running remotely or in containers
I've attached a debugger once or twice
Demographics
What is your current employment status?
Fully employed by a company / organization
Partially employed by a company / organization
What is your job role?100+
Developer / Programmer / Software Engineer
Data Analyst / Data Engineer / Data Scientist
Instructor / Teacher / Tutor
What kind of activities are you focused on?100+
DevOps / System administration / Writing automation scripts
Software testing / Writing automated tests
Programming of web parsers / scrapers / crawlers
Multimedia applications development
What is your company size?
What is the size of the team you work in within your company?
Do you work in a team or independently?
How many projects do you work on?
Which of the following industries best describes your company’s business?100+
Information Technology / Software Development
Accounting / Finance / Insurance
Sales / Distribution / Business Development
Banking / Real Estate / Mortgage Financing
How many full years of professional coding experience do you have?
How long have you been programming in Python?
Could you tell us your age range?
Which region are you based in?
The Django community is growing, reaching more and more places around the world.
Last year, DjangoCon Africa was held for the first time.