GitHub - IKEDAKAZUKI/Quantum-Energy-Teleportation: The complete quantum code for demonstrating quantum energy teleportation on IBM's real quantum computers.

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The world's first zero temperature QET with superconducting qubits

DOI arXiv Qiskit IBM Quantum License: MIT

Quantum Energy Teleportation overview slides

Overview

This repository provides complete quantum-circuit implementations for demonstrating quantum energy teleportation on IBM Quantum systems.

The code can be run in two modes:

  • Local simulation — run the circuits on a classical simulator without an IBM Quantum account.
  • Real quantum hardware — execute the experiment on IBM Quantum devices with an IBM Quantum account and API token.

The default workflow is designed to be accessible: no IBM Quantum credentials are required for local simulation, and the notebooks are written so that the circuit construction, measurement procedure, and energy-estimation logic can be inspected step by step.

What this repository contains

This project accompanies the experimental demonstration reported in:

K. Ikeda,
“Demonstration of quantum energy teleportation on superconducting quantum hardware,”
Physical Review Applied 20, 024051 (2023).
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.024051
arXiv: 2301.02666

The repository includes:

  • A complete notebook for the original QET demonstration.
  • Local simulator workflows for laptop execution.
  • IBM Quantum hardware execution workflows.
  • A 2025 update using modern Qiskit Runtime workflows.
  • Error-mitigation demonstrations using M3, dynamical decoupling, and Pauli twirling.
  • Slides and documentation for understanding the physics and implementation.

Highlights

  • Quantum Energy Teleportation on IBM Quantum hardware
  • No IBM Quantum account required for the default simulator run
  • Circuit-level implementation of Alice’s measurement and Bob’s conditional operation
  • Energy-injection and energy-extraction estimation
  • Updated 2025 notebooks with modern error-mitigation techniques
  • Compatible with Qiskit 1.4.0 in the 2025 update notebooks
  • Educational notebooks for both quantum-information and quantum-hardware demonstrations

Quick start

Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/IKEDAKAZUKI/Quantum-Energy-Teleportation.git
cd Quantum-Energy-Teleportation

Create and activate a Python environment:

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate

For Windows:

Install the recommended packages:

pip install qiskit==1.4.0 qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime mthree numpy matplotlib jupyter

Launch Jupyter:

Then open:

Quantum_Energy_Teleportation.ipynb

Running on a local simulator

The default demonstration can be executed on a classical simulator.
This mode does not require an IBM Quantum account or API token.

Recommended starting point:

Quantum_Energy_Teleportation.ipynb

This notebook walks through the basic QET protocol, including:

  1. Preparation of the ground state.
  2. Alice’s local measurement.
  3. Bob’s conditional operation.
  4. Estimation of injected and teleported energy.

Running on IBM Quantum hardware

To run the experiment on a real IBM Quantum device:

  1. Create or sign in to your IBM Quantum account:
    https://www.ibm.com/quantum

  2. Obtain your IBM Quantum API token.

  3. Replace the placeholder token in the relevant notebook or script:

with your own token.

Important: never commit your real API token to a public GitHub repository.
For production use, store the token in an environment variable or a local configuration file excluded by .gitignore.

Latest update 2025

The Latest update 2025 directory contains an updated implementation using recent Qiskit workflows and error-mitigation techniques.

Latest update 2025/
├── QET.py
├── QET_Experiment_Estimator.ipynb
└── QET_Experiment_M3_Error_Mitigation.ipynb

Included techniques

  • Estimator-based execution
  • M3 measurement mitigation
  • Dynamical decoupling
  • Pauli twirling
  • Qiskit Runtime workflows
  • Fake backend testing

Recommended notebooks:

The 2025 update was tested with:

Repository structure

.
├── Quantum_Energy_Teleportation.ipynb
├── Latest update 2025/
│   ├── QET.py
│   ├── QET_Experiment_Estimator.ipynb
│   └── QET_Experiment_M3_Error_Mitigation.ipynb
├── PRApplied.pdf
├── QET slides.gif
├── QET slides.pdf
├── CITATION.cff
├── LICENSE
└── README.md

Documentation and slides

Additional documentation:

K. Ikeda,
“Quantum Games and Economics through Teleportation”
March 06, 2025.
SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5168193

Slides:

References

Main experimental paper

K. Ikeda,
“Demonstration of quantum energy teleportation on superconducting quantum hardware,”
Physical Review Applied 20, 024051 (2023).
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.024051
arXiv: 2301.02666

IBM Quantum

IBM Quantum website:
https://www.ibm.com/quantum

Citation

If you use this repository in your research, please cite:

@article{PhysRevApplied.20.024051,
  title = {Demonstration of Quantum Energy Teleportation on Superconducting Quantum Hardware},
  author = {Ikeda, Kazuki},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Appl.},
  volume = {20},
  issue = {2},
  pages = {024051},
  numpages = {12},
  year = {2023},
  month = {Aug},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.024051},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.024051}
}

You can also use the included CITATION.cff file.

License

This project is released under the MIT License.

Funding

The work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage (C2QA) under Contract No.DESC0012704.

Quantum Energy Teleportation · IBM Quantum · Qiskit · Error Mitigation