List of Ig Nobel Prize winners

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Winners of satirical science award

A parody of the Nobel Prizes, the Ig Nobel Prizes are awarded each year in mid-September, around the time the recipients of the genuine Nobel Prizes are announced, for ten achievements that "first make people laugh, and then make them think". Commenting on the 2006 awards, Marc Abrahams, editor of Annals of Improbable Research and co-sponsor of the awards, said that "[t]he prizes are intended to celebrate the unusual, honor the imaginative, and spur people's interest in science, medicine, and technology".[1] All prizes are awarded for real achievements, except for three in 1991 and one in 1994, due to an erroneous press release.

The awards were presented on October 3. Each winner received a medal shaped like a frying pan that makes noise when shaken and Cambridge parking passes that are valid from 3 a.m. – 4 a.m. the day after Christmas.[2]

Apocryphal achievements

[edit]

The first nomination also featured three fictional recipients for fictional achievements.[6]

  • Archaeology: Éclaireurs de France (a French Scouting organization), removers of graffiti, for damaging the prehistoric paintings of two bisons in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel.[7]
  • Art: Presented jointly to Jim Knowlton for his anatomy poster "Penises of the Animal Kingdom," and to the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts for encouraging Mr. Knowlton to extend his work in the form of a pop-up book.[8]
  • Biology: Dr Cecil Jacobson, relentlessly generous sperm donor and prolific patriarch of sperm banking, for devising a simple, single-handed method of "quality control".
  • Chemistry: Ivette Bassa, constructor of colourful colloids, for her role in the crowning achievement of 20th century chemistry, the synthesis of bright blue Jell-O.
  • Economics: The investors of Lloyd's of London, heirs to 300 years of dull prudent management, for their bold attempt to ensure disaster by refusing to pay for their company's losses.
  • Literature: Yuri Struchkov,[9] unstoppable author from the Institute of Organoelement Compounds[10] in Moscow, for the 948 scientific papers he published between the years 1981 and 1990, averaging more than one every 3.9 days.
  • Medicine: F. Kanda, E. Yagi, M. Fukuda, K. Nakajima, T. Ohta, and O. Nakata of the Shiseido Research Center in Yokohama, for their pioneering research study "Elucidation of Chemical Compounds Responsible for Foot Malodour," especially for their conclusion that people who think they have foot odor do, and those who don't, don't.[11]
  • Nutrition: The utilizers of SPAM, "courageous consumers of canned comestibles", for 54 years of undiscriminating digestion.
  • Peace: Daryl Gates, former police chief of the City of Los Angeles, for his uniquely compelling methods of "bringing people together".
  • Physics: David Chorley and Doug Bower, "lions of low-energy physics", for their circular contributions to field theory based on the geometrical destruction of English crops.
  • Biology: Presented jointly to Paul Williams Jr. of the Oregon State Health Division and Kenneth W. Newel of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, "bold biological detectives", for their pioneering study, "Salmonella Excretion in Joy-Riding Pigs".[12]
  • Chemistry: Presented jointly to James and Gaines Campbell of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, "dedicated deliverers of fragrance", for inventing scent strips, the odious method by which perfume is applied to magazine pages.
  • Consumer Engineering: Presented to Ron Popeil, incessant inventor and perpetual pitchman of late night television, for redefining the industrial revolution with such devices as the Veg-O-Matic, the Pocket Fisherman, Mr. Microphone, and the Inside-the-Shell Egg Scrambler.
  • Economics: Presented to Ravi Batra of Southern Methodist University, shrewd economist and best-selling author of The Great Depression of 1990 (ISBN 978-0-440-20168-7) and Surviving the Great Depression of 1990, (ISBN 978-0-671-66324-7) for selling enough copies of his books to single-handedly prevent worldwide economic collapse.
  • Literature: Presented to T. Morrison, E. Topol, R. Califf, F. Van de Werf, P. W. Armstrong, and their 972 co-authors,[13] for publishing a medical research paper which has one hundred times as many authors as pages. The authors are from the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
  • Mathematics: Presented to Robert W. Faid of Greenville, South Carolina, "farsighted and faithful seer of statistics", for calculating the exact odds (710,609,175,188,282,000 to 1) that Mikhail Gorbachev is the Antichrist.[14]
  • Medicine: Presented to James F. Nolan, Thomas J. Stillwell, and John P. Sands, Jr., "medical men of mercy", for their painstaking research report, "Acute Management of the Zipper-Entrapped Penis".[15]
  • Peace: The Pepsi-Cola Company of the Philippines, for sponsoring a contest to create a millionaire, and then announcing the wrong winning number, thereby inciting and uniting 800,000 riotously expectant winners, and bringing many warring factions together for the first time in their nation's history.[16]
  • Physics: Presented to Corentin Louis Kervran of France, "ardent admirer of alchemy", for his conclusion that the calcium in chickens' eggshells is created by a process of cold fusion.[17]
  • Psychology: Presented jointly to John E. Mack of Harvard Medical School and David M. Jacobs of Temple University, for their conclusion that people who believe they were kidnapped by aliens from outer space probably were—and especially for their conclusion, "the focus of the abduction is the production of children".[18]
  • Visionary Technology: Presented jointly to Jay Schiffman of Farmington Hills, Michigan, crack inventor of AutoVision, an image projection device that makes it possible to drive a car and watch television at the same time, and to the Michigan State Legislature, for making it legal to do so.
  • Biology: Presented to W. Brian Sweeney, Brian Krafte-Jacobs, Jeffrey W. Britton, and Wayne Hansen, for their breakthrough study, "The Constipated Serviceman: Prevalence Among Deployed US Troops," and especially for their numerical analysis of bowel movement frequency.[19]
  • Chemistry: Presented to Texas State Senator Bob Glasgow, writer of logical legislation, for sponsoring the 1989 drug control law which makes it illegal to purchase beakers, flasks, test tubes, or other laboratory glassware without a permit.
  • Economics: Presented to Juan Pablo Dávila of Chile, "tireless trader of financial futures" and former employee of the state-owned company Codelco, for accidentally instructing his computer to "buy" when he meant "sell". He subsequently attempted to recoup his losses by making increasingly unprofitable trades that ultimately lost 0.5 percent of Chile's gross national product. Davila's relentless achievement inspired his countrymen to coin a new verb, "davilar", meaning "to botch things up royally".
  • Entomology: Presented to Robert A. Lopez of Westport, NY, "valiant veterinarian and friend of all creatures great and small", for his series of experiments in obtaining ear mites from cats, inserting them into his own ear, and carefully observing and analyzing the results.[20]
  • Literature: Presented to L. Ron Hubbard, ardent author of science fiction and founding father of Scientology, for his crackling Good Book, Dianetics, which is highly profitable to humankind, or to a portion thereof.[21]
  • Mathematics: Presented to The Southern Baptist Church of Alabama, mathematical measurers of morality, for their county-by-county estimate of how many Alabama citizens will go to Hell if they don't repent.[22]
  • Medicine: Two prizes. First, to Patient X, formerly of the US Marine Corps, valiant victim of a venomous bite from his pet rattlesnake, for his determined use of electroshock therapy. At his own insistence, automobile spark plug wires were attached to his lip, and the car engine revved to 3,000 rpm for five minutes. Second, to Dr. Richard C. Dart of the Rocky Mountain Poison Center and Dr. Richard A. Gustafson of the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, who referenced Patient X in their well-grounded medical report, "Failure of Electric Shock Treatment for Rattlesnake Envenomation."[23]
  • Peace: Presented to John Hagelin of Maharishi University and The Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, for his experimental conclusion that 4,000 trained meditators caused a 24 percent decrease in violent crime in Washington, D.C.[24]
  • Psychology: Presented to Lee Kuan Yew, former Prime Minister of Singapore, for his thirty-year study of the effects of punishing three million citizens of Singapore whenever they spat, chewed gum, or fed pigeons.

No longer officially listed

[edit]

  • Physics: Presented to the Japanese Meteorological Agency, for its seven-year study of whether earthquakes are caused by catfish wiggling their tails. This winner is not officially listed, as it was based on what turned out to be erroneous press accounts.[25]

The ceremony took place on 6 October 1995.[26]

  • Chemistry: Presented to Bijan Pakzad of Beverly Hills, for creating DNA Cologne and DNA Perfume, neither of which contain deoxyribonucleic acid, and both of which come in a triple helix bottle.
  • Dentistry: Presented to Robert H. Beaumont, of Shoreview, Minnesota, for his incisive study "Patient Preference for Waxed or Unwaxed Dental Floss".[27]
  • Economics: Presented jointly to Nick Leeson and his superiors at Barings Bank and to Robert Citron of Orange County, California for using the calculus of derivatives to demonstrate that every financial institution has its limits.
  • Literature: Presented to David B. Busch and James R. Starling, of Madison, Wisconsin, for their research report, "Rectal Foreign Bodies: Case Reports and a Comprehensive Review of the World's Literature." The citations include reports of, among other items: seven light bulbs; a knife sharpener; two flashlights; a wire spring; a snuff box; an oil can with potato stopper; eleven different forms of fruits, vegetables and other foodstuffs; a jeweler's saw; a frozen pig's tail; a tin cup; a beer glass; and one patient's remarkable ensemble collection consisting of spectacles, a suitcase key, a tobacco pouch and a magazine.[28]
  • Medicine: Presented to Marcia E. Buebel, David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa, and Michael R. Boyle, for their study entitled "The Effects of Unilateral Forced Nostril Breathing on Cognition."[29]
  • Nutrition: Presented to John Martinez of J. Martinez & Company in Atlanta, for luak coffee, the world's most expensive coffee, which is made from coffee beans ingested and excreted by the luak, a raccoon-like animal native to Indonesia.
  • Peace: Presented to the Legislative Yuan of Taiwan, for demonstrating that "politicians gain more by punching, kicking and gouging each other than by waging war against other nations".
  • Physics: Presented to Dominique M.R. Georget, R. Parker, and Andrew C. Smith of Norwich, England, for their rigorous analysis of soggy breakfast cereal. It was published in the report entitled "A Study of the Effects of Water Content on the Compaction Behaviour of Breakfast Cereal Flakes."[30]
  • Psychology: Presented to Shigeru Watanabe, Junko Sakamoto, and Masumi Wakita, of Keio University, for their success in training pigeons to discriminate between the paintings of Picasso and those of Monet.[31]
  • Public Health: Presented to Martha Kold Bakkevig of Sintef Unimed in Trondheim, Norway, and Ruth Nielsen of the Technical University of Denmark, for their exhaustive study, "Impact of Wet Underwear on Thermoregulatory Responses and Thermal Comfort in the Cold."[32]
Video of the 1996 Ceremony, incl. several Nobel Prize winners

The ceremony took place on 3 October 1996.[33]

The ceremony took place on 9 October 1997.[40]

The ceremony took place on 8 October 1998.[47]

The ceremony took place on 30 September 1999.[55]

The ceremony took place on 5 October 2000.[60]

The ceremony took place on 4 October 2001.

The ceremony took place on 3 October 2002.

The ceremony took place on 2 October 2003.

  • Biology: Presented to Kees Moeliker, of Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, for documenting the first scientifically recorded case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck.[83]
  • Chemistry: Presented to Yukio Hirose of Kanazawa University, for his chemical investigation of a bronze statue in the city of Kanazawa that fails to attract pigeons due to its arsenic content.[84]
  • Economics: Presented to Karl Schwärzler and the nation of Liechtenstein, for making it possible to rent the entire country for corporate conventions, weddings, bar mitzvahs, and other gatherings.[85]
  • Engineering: Presented to John Paul Stapp, Edward A. Murphy, Jr., and George Nichols, for jointly giving birth in 1949 to Murphy's Law, the basic engineering principle that "If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, someone will do it" (or, in other words: "If anything can go wrong, it will").
  • Interdisciplinary Research: Presented to Stefano Ghirlanda, Liselotte Jansson, and Magnus Enquis of Stockholm University, for their inevitable report "Chickens Prefer Beautiful Humans."[86]
  • Literature: Presented to John Trinkaus of the Zicklin School of Business, New York City, for meticulously collecting data and publishing more than 80 detailed academic reports about things that annoyed him, such as:
    • What percentage of young people wear baseball caps with the peak facing to the rear rather than to the front;
    • What percentage of pedestrians wear sport shoes that are white rather than some other color;
    • What percentage of swimmers swim laps in the shallow end of a pool rather than the deep end;
    • What percentage of automobile drivers almost, but not completely, come to a stop at one particular stop-sign;
    • What percentage of commuters carry attaché cases;
    • What percentage of shoppers exceed the number of items permitted in a supermarket's express checkout lane;
    • What percentage of students dislike the taste of Brussels sprouts.
  • Medicine: Presented to Eleanor Maguire, David Gadian, Ingrid Johnsrude, Catriona Good, John Ashburner, Richard Frackowiak, and Christopher Frith of University College London, for presenting evidence that the hippocampi of London taxi drivers are more highly developed than those of their fellow citizens.[87]
  • Peace: Presented to Lal Bihari, of Uttar Pradesh, India, for a triple accomplishment: First, for leading an active life even though he has been declared legally dead; second, for waging a lively posthumous campaign against bureaucratic inertia and greedy relatives; and third, for creating the Association of Dead People. Lal Bihari overcame the handicap of being dead, and managed to obtain a passport from the Indian government so that he could travel to Harvard to accept his Prize. However, the U.S. government refused to allow him into the country.[citation needed] His friend Madhu Kapoor therefore came to the Ig Nobel Ceremony and accepted the Prize on behalf of Lal Bihari. Several weeks later, the Prize was presented to Lal Bihari himself in a special ceremony in India.
  • Physics: Presented to Jack Harvey, John Culvenor, Warren Payne, Steve Cowley, Michael Lawrance, David Stuart, and Robyn Williams of Australia, for their irresistible report "An analysis of the forces required to drag sheep over various surfaces".[88]
  • Psychology: Presented to Gian Vittorio Caprara and Claudio Barbaranelli of the University of Rome La Sapienza, and to Philip Zimbardo of Stanford University, for their discerning report "Politicians' Uniquely Simple Personalities".[89]

The ceremony took place on 30 September 2004.

It has been suggested that the study of this phenomenon has had major political consequences. Following the sensational stranding of a Soviet submarine deep inside Swedish waters on 27 October 1981, the Swedish navy initiated a large-scale campaign to guard Swedish territorial waters from the perceived threat of infiltration by foreign submarines, despite the Soviets consistently asserting that the stranding had occurred due to navigational errors. The "submarine hunts", which lasted throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, have been a heavily debated issue in Sweden, as to whether or not there ever was any factual substance to the claims of Soviet infiltration. One widely reported piece of "evidence" were several sound recordings of what the Swedish navy suspected to be foreign submarines. Oceanographers and marine biologists were invited to study the recordings and would eventually find that the sounds heard were most probably produced not by submarines, but in fact were the noises made when herring passed gas. In a reportage by the Swedish science magazine "Vetenskapens värld" ("World of science") televised on 16 April 2012, it's suggested that these findings were important in putting an end to the costly "submarine hunts" which had continued for more than a decade, with Ig Nobel laureate Håkan Westerberg guessing that this would have saved Swedish tax payers hundreds of millions in SEK.[92]

The ceremony took place on 6 October 2005.

The ceremony took place on 5 October 2006.

The ceremony took place on 4 October 2007.

The ceremony took place on 2 October 2008.[146]

The ceremony took place on 1 October 2009.

The ceremony took place on 30 September 2010.

The ceremony took place on 29 September 2011.

The ceremony took place on 20 September 2012.

The ceremony took place on 12 September 2013.

The ceremony took place on 18 September 2014.

The 25th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony took place on 17 September 2015 and was held at the Harvard's Sanders Theatre.

The ceremony took place on 22 September 2016.[248]

The ceremony took place on 14 September 2017.[262][263]

The ceremony took place on 13 September 2018.[275][276]

Video of the 2019 Ceremony

The ceremony took place on 12 September 2019.[286]

The ceremony took place on 17 September 2020 and was webcast.[301]

The 31st First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony took place on Thursday, 9 September 2021 and was webcast.[311][312]

The 32nd First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony took place on Thursday, 15 September 2022, and was presented in a webcast format.[328]

The 33rd First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony took place on Thursday, 14 September 2023, and was presented in webcast.[341][342]

The 34th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony took place on Thursday, 12 September 2024, and was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[356]

The 35th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony took place on Thursday, 18 September 2025, and was held at Boston University.[367]

People who received multiple Ig Nobel Prizes

[edit]

Ig Nobel Prize winners who also received the Nobel Prize

[edit]

  1. ^ Toscanini's, a well-known ice cream parlour based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, introduced a new ice cream flavour at the Ig Nobel Ceremony in honour of Mayu Yamamoto's work, called "Yum-a-Moto Vanilla Twist".[135]
  2. ^ a b Zoltan Egeresi, a Californian inventor, filed a similar patent for a net-trapping device in 2003, taking inspiration from Kuo Cheng Hsieh's 2001 anti-bank-robbing device (winner of the 2007 Ig Nobel Economics Prize) and simplifying Gustano Pizzo's anti-hijacking device from early 1970s (winner of the 2013 Ig Nobel Safety Engineering Prize).[137]
  3. ^ The ceremony was attended by Karolina Lewestam, a Polish citizen and holder of a Polish driver's license, who "expressed her good wishes to the Irish police service" on behalf of all Polish licensed drivers.[163]
  4. ^ Harold Camping later admitted his predictions were wrong and that he regrets his misdeeds.[187]
  5. ^ Note, the vehicle used was not a tank, but a BTR-60 Armoured personnel carrier.[citation needed]
  6. ^ The short video acceptance speech for the award was filmed in a cave.
  7. ^ Jiwon Han was a high school student at Korean Minjok Leadership Academy when he wrote the paper.
  8. ^ The award ceremony was attended by Shiguru Watanabe and his adult sons, who were some of the subjects of the study when they were children 35 years prior.
  9. ^ This prize builds on research by Horváth et al. (2010), the authors of whom were awarded the 2016 Ig Nobel Physics Prize.
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  2. ^ a b c d e Maugh II, Thomas H. (4 December 2021). "Ig Nobel Prizes Go to Those Likely to Be Overlooked". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
  3. ^ Maugh, Thomas (5 October 1991). "Ig Nobel Prizes Go to Those Likely to Be Overlooked: Lampoon: MIT researchers create the new series of awards, named after the 'inventor of soda pop.' Among the first winners are Vice President Dan Quayle and imprisoned junk-bond king Michael Milken". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  4. ^ "Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize". Improbable.com. August 2006. Archived from the original on 9 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  5. ^ "Ig Nobellian Milken, junk-bond king, now crusades for cures". improbable.com. 14 September 2015.
  6. ^ Ig Nobel prizes debut Archived 30 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Tech
  7. ^ "Dans la seule grotte peinte du Tarn-et-Garonne: des victimes d'un excès de zèle, Le Monde; March 24, 1992". Presse.ffspeleo.fr. 30 October 2003. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  8. ^ Abrahams, Marc (24 September 2023). "Knowlton and Knowlton". improbable.com. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
  9. ^ "Crystallographers – Yuri Timofeevich Struchkov (1926–1995) – Obituary". IUCr. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  10. ^ "Home" (in Russian). Ineos.ac.ru. Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  11. ^ Kanda, F.; Yagi, E.; Fukuda, M.; Nakajima, K.; Ohta, T.; Nakata, O. (1990). "Elucidation of chemical compounds responsible for foot malodour". The British Journal of Dermatology. 122 (6): 771–776. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb06265.x. PMID 2369557. S2CID 6343521.
  12. ^ Williams Jr, LP; Newell, KW (1970). "Salmonella excretion in joy-riding pigs". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 60 (5): 926–9. doi:10.2105/ajph.60.5.926. PMC 1348911. PMID 5462567.
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  14. ^ Robert W Faid. 1988. Gorbachev! Has the Real Antichrist Come? Tulsa, Okla : Victory House Publishers. ISBN 978-0-932081-19-3
  15. ^ Nolan, J. F.; Stillwell, T. J.; Sands Jr, J. P. (1990). "Acute management of the zipper-entrapped penis". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 8 (3): 305–307. doi:10.1016/0736-4679(90)90011-J. PMID 2373840.
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  17. ^ Biological Transformations ISBN 978-0-916508-47-0
  18. ^ David Michael Jacobs. 1992. Secret Life: Firsthand, Documented Accounts of UFO Abductions. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-79720-1
  19. ^ Sweeney, WB; Krafte-Jacobs, B; Britton, JW; Hansen, W (1993). "The constipated serviceman: prevalence among deployed U.S. troops". Military Medicine. 158 (8): 546–548. doi:10.1093/milmed/158.8.546. PMID 8414078.
  20. ^ Lopez, R. A. (1993). "Of mites and man". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 203 (5): 606–607. PMID 8407518.
  21. ^ "Sci-Am: 1994 Annual Ig Nobel Prizes".
  22. ^ "Baptists count the lost. 46% of Alabamians face damnation, report says". Birmingham News. 5 September 1993. p. 1.
  23. ^ Dart, R.; Gustafson, R. (1991). "Failure of electric shock treatment for rattlesnake envenomation". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 20 (6): 659–61. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(05)82389-3. PMID 2039106.
  24. ^ Hagelin, John S.; et al. (30 July 1993). "Effects of Group Practice of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Preventing Violent Crime in Washington, DC: Results of the National Demonstration Project, June–July 1993". Institute for Science, Technology and Public Policy. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  25. ^ Improbable Research (17 May 2014). "Inspired by the possibility that catfish caused earthquakes". improbable.com. Retrieved 26 October 2016. However... we later discovered that the documentation for that was suspect. We had relied entirely on press accounts (from usually-reliable sources). When we found ourselves unable to verify those press reports, we retracted that prize.
  26. ^ "The 5th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony". YouTube. 17 March 2012. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  27. ^ Beaumont, R. H. (1990). "Patient preference for waxed or unwaxed dental floss". Journal of Periodontology. 61 (2): 123–125. doi:10.1902/jop.1990.61.2.123. PMID 2313529.
  28. ^ Busch, D. B.; Starling, J. R. (1986). "Rectal foreign bodies: case reports and a comprehensive review of the world's literature". Surgery. 100 (3): 512–519. PMID 3738771.
  29. ^ Shannahoff-Khalsa, D. S.; Boyle, M. R.; Buebel, M. E. (1991). "The effects of unilateral forced nostril breathing on cognition". The International Journal of Neuroscience. 57 (3–4): 239–249. doi:10.3109/00207459109150697. PMID 1938166.
  30. ^ Georget, D. M. R.; Parker, R.; Smith, A. C. (1994). "A study of the effects of water content on the compaction behaviour of breakfast cereal flakes". Powder Technology. 81 (2): 189–195. doi:10.1016/0032-5910(94)02882-6.
  31. ^ Watanabe, S.; Sakamoto, J.; Wakita, M. (1995). "Pigeons' discrimination of paintings by Monet and Picasso". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 63 (2): 165–174. doi:10.1901/jeab.1995.63-165. PMC 1334394. PMID 16812755.
  32. ^ Bakkevig, M. K.; Nielsen, R. (1994). "Impact of wet underwear on thermoregulatory responses and thermal comfort in the cold". Ergonomics. 37 (8): 1375–1389. doi:10.1080/00140139408964916. PMID 7925261.
  33. ^ "The 6th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony". YouTube. 18 September 2015. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  34. ^ The Original Pink Flamingos: Splendor on the Grass (ISBN 978-0-7643-0963-2)
  35. ^ Baerheim, A; Sandvik, H (1994). "Effect of ale, garlic, and soured cream on the appetite of leeches". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 309 (6970): 1689. doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6970.1689. PMC 2542668. PMID 7819987.
  36. ^ YouTube video, showing the world record BBQ igniting
  37. ^ Genco, R.; Ho, A.; Grossi, S.; Dunford, R.; Tedesco, L. (1999). "Relationship of stress, distress and inadequate coping behaviors to periodontal disease" (PDF). Journal of Periodontology. 70 (7): 711–723. doi:10.1902/jop.1999.70.7.711. hdl:2027.42/141682. PMID 10440631.
  38. ^ Matthews, R. A. J. (1995). "Tumbling toast, Murphy's Law and the fundamental constants". European Journal of Physics. 16 (4): 172–176. Bibcode:1995EJPh...16..172M. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/16/4/005. S2CID 120029095.
  39. ^ Kleist, E; Moi, H (1993). "Transmission of gonorrhoea through an inflatable doll". Genitourinary Medicine. 69 (4): 322. doi:10.1136/sti.69.4.322. PMC 1195099. PMID 7721299.
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  41. ^ The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever (ISBN 978-1-883319-30-4)
  42. ^ Yagyu, T.; Kondakor, I.; Kochi, K.; Koenig, T.; Lehmann, D.; Kinoshita, T.; Hirota, T.; Yagyu, T. (1998). "Smell and taste of chewing gum affect frequency domain eeg source localizations". International Journal of Neuroscience. 93 (3–4): 205–216. doi:10.3109/00207459808986426. PMID 9639238. S2CID 24971597.
  43. ^ Witztum, D.; Rips, E.; Rosenberg, Y. (1994). "Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis". Statistical Science. 9 (3): 429–438. doi:10.1214/ss/1177010393.
  44. ^ Charnetski, C. J.; Brennan Jr, F. X.; Harrison, J. F. (1998). "Effect of music and auditory stimuli on secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA)". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 87 (3 Pt 2): 1163–1170. doi:10.2466/pms.1998.87.3f.1163. PMID 10052073. S2CID 23661382.
  45. ^ Vonnegut, B. (1975). "Chicken Plucking as Measure of Tornado Wind Speed". Weatherwise. 28 (5): 217. Bibcode:1975Weawi..28e.217V. doi:10.1080/00431672.1975.9931768.
  46. ^ Hiliman, H. (1993). "The possible pain experienced during execution by different methods". Perception. 22 (6): 745–821. doi:10.1068/p220745. PMID 8255703. S2CID 28706073.
  47. ^ "The 1998 Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony". www.improbable.com. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  48. ^ J. Benveniste; P. Jurgens, W. Hsueh and J. Aissa ( 21–26 February 1997). "Transatlantic Transfer of Digitized Antigen Signal by Telephone Link". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
  49. ^ Fong, P. P.; Huminski, P. T.; D'Urso, L. M. (1998). "Induction and potentiation of parturition in fingernail clams (Sphaerium striatinum) by selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)". Journal of Experimental Zoology. 280 (3): 260–264. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19980215)280:3<260::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 9472482.
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