Sunday 11 January 2026
Lilian day 2178198.5851
After a good eight months of research, design, and coding, often over 14-hour days, “The Twelve Months of the Year in 850 Languages and Dialects (Mostly Ones You’ve Probably Never Heard Of)” has a fresh, new database. I’ve added many novel entries, hunted up thousands of translations and etymologies, brought in a whopping 70 foreign fonts, beefed up the profiles, and generously replenished its supplementary articles. Correspondingly, here’s my updated “Today’s date” page.
he entries still total 850, though.
The newcomers displaced others whose sources weren’t up to snuff or who just didn’t seem to have as much to say.
You can view the first 16 words of each language’s story below by rolling your cursor over its nameLanguage profile.
Where you see a green lotus blossom (
) on those sections, rolling over the month termsTranslation, etymology, or characterization will reveal their characterizations. 1 They tell us a great deal about what is or was important to their underlying cultures.
The book itself has an article in the back, Lingo Factinos I, showing samples of abjads, alphabets, abugidas, syllabaries, and logograms and outlining how they all work. Lingo Factinos II covers some ancient civilizations you don’t often hear about — in some cases, likely never — and how a weird-sounding alphabet connected to the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World recently got deciphered.
You’ll also find out what traces some Japanese explorers might have left behind in the Americas, a good century and a half before Columbus. And what European language standard introduced in 1982 was pooh-poohed as a “test-tube baby” by its opponents. And where January is called uilal-bailiur, “when pigs go raiding gardens.” And on what month, at Malekula Island in Vanuatu, you’d better get ready to pass muster with your local Yam Master.
Now in case you haven’t been here for a while, heading terms below in parentheses ( ) are alternate names for a language, while those in brackets [ ] specify a particular subdivision or dialect. Curly braces { } narrow things down in cases where there are other languages with the same name. The video screen icon links ( ▭ ) visible on 394 of these entries will let you hear how they actually sound. 2 Here’s Abkhazian, for example, where you get to hear Rapunzel deftly negotiate 65 consonant sounds as she sings Yanbalagwa sa siphsthazaara? (When Will My Life Begin?).
Some of these languages are over 1500 years old. Regardless, they more or less followed along with the Julian calendar 3 to do as the Romans did. Examples include Etruscan, Tocharian B, Gaulish, and Pahlavi (Middle Persian). You’ll also see the Palmyrene of Queen Zenobia, who helped herself to several eastern Mediterranean provinces in the late third century when the Romans weren’t looking.
Other entries move further into the medieval. Thirteenth century Yiddish is something you don’t see every day, any more than Gothic (flourished 3rd to 10th century), medieval Georgian (shown in its archaic Asomtavruli script), 14th century Picard (with, in the book, a quote by Da Vinci-like artist Villard de Honnecourt), Pecheneg (mysterious, poorly attested, gone by 1300), Old Udi (gleaned but recently through x-ray scans), or Tangut (notorious for its byzantine, quasi-Chinese writing system).
Years shown are Gregorian.
For organizational clarity and consistency, the chart displays each entry in the continental order of day, month, and year even where accompanying scripts read right-to-left. I may not yet have all the foreign fonts working on this page (they all work beautifully when *I* look at them because my machine can serve them locally), so do let me know if you see a missing one I need to fix. Thanks.
Notes 1.
Terms that just simulate their Neo-Latin equivalents, or operate as ordinals — “first month,” “second month,” etc.
— don’t need explaining.
2. Some of these don’t necessarily match the dialects, but should give you a pretty good idea. If you happen across a good quality video I can link to for one or more of these languages yourself, do email it to me using “webmaster” at this domain or through the “Contact me” link below.
3. Virtually identical to our modern 12-month Gregorian, but with a less accurate leap year system.
|
In Abaza (ABQ) it’s 1. Northwest Caucasian, 48,000 speakers in Russia and Middle East diaspora communities. Natively it uses 63 consonants... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Abenaki [Western] (ABE) it’s 2. Algonquian family. As of 1991, spoken natively by fewer than 20 in Odanak, Quebec, and others... 11 x2026
|
|
In Abkhazian (Abkhaz) (ABK) it’s 3. Northwest Caucasian, akin to Abaza, with around 100,000 speakers in Georgia's contested Abkhazia region. Its dialects... ია xცკვ ▭
|
|
In Abui (ABZ) it’s 4. Trans-New Guinea family, spoken by 17,000 on Alor Island in eastern Indonesia, just north of East... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Acehnese (ACE) it’s 5. Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic, 3.5 million speakers in Sumatra, Indonesia, specifically in Aceh Province that suffered the brunt... ١١بوليون سا / Buleuën Sa x٢٠٢٦ ▭ |
|
In Achuar-Shiwiar [Achuar Chicham] (ACU) it’s 6. From the tiny Aénts Chicham (formerly Jivaroan) family, spoken by around 7000 in Peru and Ecuador... 11 x2026
|
|
In Achuar-Shiwiar [Shiwiar Chicham] (ACU) it’s 7. The other dialect of Achuar-Shiwiar, spoken in ten communities. Since both Achuar and Shiwiar consider the... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Adele (Gidire) (ADE) it’s 8. Niger-Congo family, Kwa, geographically of the Ghana Togo Mountain languages, 37,000 speakers in Ghana and Togo... 11 x2026
|
|
In Afar (Qafár Af) (AAR) it’s 9. Afroasiatic, Cushitic. Spoken in Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia by 1.5 million. Ethiopic and modified Arabic scripts... ١١قُنخَ گَرَبلُ / Qunxa Garablu x٢٠٢٦ ▭ |
|
In Aghem (Wum) (AGQ) it’s 10. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, Grassfields, 27,000 speakers (and increasing) in northwest Cameroon, informally taught in schools. Aghem... 11ndzɔ̱ŋɔ̱nùm x2026 |
|
In Aghul (Agul) (AGX) it’s 11. Northeast Caucasian, 30,000 speakers mostly in southern Dagestan. The strength with which certain consonants are articulated... 11экнагь [ėknah] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Aguaruna (AGR) it’s 12. Aénts Chicham family, 38,000 speakers in Peru along the Marañón, Potro, Mayo, and Cahuapanas rivers. Aguaruna’s... 11petsatin x2026 |
|
In Ahom (AHO) it’s 13. Kra–Dai family, language of the Ahom Kingdom of India’s Brahmaputra River Valley, presumed extinct by 1899... 𑜱𑜱𑜓𑜢𑜃𑜫 𑜋𑜢𑜃𑜫 [din chiŋ] x𑜲𑜰𑜲𑜶 ▭ |
|
In Ahtna [Central] (AHT) it’s 14. Na-Dené, Athabaskan, around 80 speakers for all dialects combined, from Alaska’s Copper River. Incorporates about 100... 11 x2026
|
|
In Ainu (AIN) it’s 15. Aboriginal language of the Japanese archipelago, ancestry unknown, nearly extinct natively. As shown here, C is... 11
|
|
In Aja {Benin-Togo} (AJG) it’s 16. Niger-Congo, Gbe, spoken by half a million Aja in Benin and Togo. Closely related to Ewe... 11zaɖota x2026 |
|
In Aka (Hruso) (HRU) it’s 17. Believed to be an isolate albeit with Sino-Tibetan features, 3000 speakers in 21 scattered and isolated... ११lüga / लूग x२०२६ |
|
In Akan (Twi) (AKA) it’s 18. Niger-Congo Language native to Ghana and Ivory Coast, also brought to South America by slaves. Ghanaian-born...  Sanda-Ɔpɛpɔn x   ▭
|
|
In Akha [Puli/Standard] (AHK) it’s 19. Sino-Tibetan, Loloish, 600,000 speakers in Burma's Shan State, northern Laos, and northern Thailand. Five level tones... ၁၁ x၂၀၂၆
|
|
In Alabama (Alibamu) (AKZ) it’s 20. A member of the Muskogean family, akin to Chickasaw and Choctaw (qq.v.), spoken in Texas natively... 11hasiholtina aɬɬámmòona x2026 |
|
In Albanian [Gheg ] (SQI) it’s 21. Of an Indo-European language with its very own branch, the larger of its two chief dialects... 11janar / ژَنَرْ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Albanian [Premodern] (SQI) it’s 22. Traditional Albanian terminology, more colorful but now largely forgotten. Albanian verb forms express mirativity, the speaker's... 11 x2026
|
|
In Aleut [Atkan] (ALE) it’s 23. Eskimo-Aleut family, Aleut branch, native to the Alaskan Peninsula and the Aleutian, Commander, and Pribilof Islands... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Algonquin (ALQ) it’s 24. Algonquian family, closely related to (but divergent from) Ojibwe (q.v.), 1800 speakers in Quebec and Ontario... 11 x2026
|
|
In Altai (Gorno-Altai) (ATV) it’s 25. Turkic, Altai branch, around 50,000 speakers in Russia's Altai Republic where it’s official, converted from... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Aluku (???) it’s 26. A creole combining English, Dutch, African languages, and French that arose among escaped African slaves in... 11wan mun fu baka yali x2026 |
|
In Alutiiq [Kodiak] (EMS) it’s 27. An Eskimo-Aleut language, indigenous to the Alaska and Kenai Peninsulas and Kodiak Island, with around 200... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Amharic (AMH) it’s 28. Afroasiatic, Semitic, 22 million, Ethiopia. “Good morning!” in Amharic is Inidemini aderachihu! with the -mini ending... ፲፩ጥር [tarr] x፳፳፮ ▭ |
|
In Amis (AMI) it’s 29. Austronesian, East Formosan, spoken by an unknown number (out of a native population of 200,000) along... 11miheca cecay x2026 ▭ |
|
In Anejom (Aneityum) (ATY) it’s 30. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, spoken by several hundred people on Aneityum/Anatom, Vanuatu's southernmost island. Vowel and consonant... 11 x2026
|
|
In Angami (Tenyidie) (NJM) it’s 31. Sino-Tibetan family, Angami-Pochuri, eight dialects, 130,000 speakers in India's Nagaland, listed as vulnerable by the United... 11Doshü o krö x2026 ▭ |
|
In Anii (Basila) (BLO) it’s 32. A Niger-Congo language spoken by 49,000 in Benin and Togo. Tonal, and like many Turkic and... 11ɭ jikawǝrka kaŋɔrɔ x2026 |
|
In Ao Naga [Chungli] (NJO) it’s 33. Sino-Tibetan, Ao grouping, 130,000 speakers in Nagaland, Northeast India. Chungli is considered the prestige dialect. The... 11 x2026
|
|
In Apache [Jicarilla] (APJ) it’s 34. Athabaskan family, New Mexico, about 500 speakers, tonal. Unusually rich sound inventory of 34 consonants and... 11Koghanee x2026 ▭ |
|
In Apache [Western] (APW) it’s 35. Athabaskan family, SE Arizona, 14,000 native speakers. Western Apache’s grammar calls on its speakers to indicate... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Apatani (Tani) (APT) it’s 36. Sino-Tibetan family, Western Tani, preliterate until recently, 45,000 native speakers in India's Arunachal Pradesh. Tonal, both... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Arabic [Levantine] (APC) it’s 37. Afroasiatic family, Semitic. Descended from Ancient North Arabian. Arabic loans into English and other European languages... ١١ x٢٠٢٦ ▭
|
|
In Arabic [Libyan] (AYL) it’s 38. An alternative terminology established under Muammar Gaddafi, used between 1969 and 2011. Aside from that, Libyan... ۱۱ x۲۰۲۶ ▭
|
|
In Arabic [Moroccan] (Darija) (ARY) it’s 39. From the Maghrebi subgroup of Arabic, heavily influenced by Berber languages, French and Spanish. About two-thirds... ۱۱شهر واحد [šeher wāḥed] x۲۰۲۶ ▭ |
|
In Aragonese (Fabla) (ARG) it’s 40. Indo-European, Romance. Spoken by 25,500 in northern Aragon, endangered. Aside from some vocabulary, quite understandable to... 11chinero x2026 |
|
In Arapaho (ARP) it’s 41. Algonquian, Arapahoan branch, natively spoken by 1000, mostly living on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming... 11niikoxooɂoteɂ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Armenian [Premodern] (HYE) it’s 42. Armenian occupies its own branch of Indo-European. Grammatically genderless, even pronouns (“he” and “she” are both... ԺԱ xՍԻԶ ▭
|
|
In Aromanian (Vlach or Žejan) (RUP) it’s 43. A non-standardized Romance language spoken by a quarter million throughout the Balkans, Greece, and Turkey. Aromanian... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Arosi (AIA) it’s 44. Malayo-Polynesian, Solomonic, spoken by 6800 on Makira (San Cristobal) Island, east of Guadalcanal in the Solomons... 11 x2026
|
|
In Arpitan (Franco-Provençal) [Lyonnais Bressan] (FRP) it’s 45. Arpitan is a group of Gallo-Romance languages heard in parts of France, western Switzerland, and northwestern... 11zhèvi x2026 |
|
In Arpitan (Franco-Provençal) [Savoyard] (FRP) it’s 46. An Arpitan dialect spoken by 35,000 around the historical Duchy of Savoy in western France and... 11janvyér x2026 ▭ |
|
In Arpitan (Franco-Provençal) [Stéphenois] (FRP) it’s 47. Locally called Parlâ Gaga, the Arpitan heard around Saint-Étienne in eastern central France, birthplace of composer... 11janvîe x2026 |
|
In Asháninka (CNI) it’s 48. Arawakan family, 35,000 speakers in heavily forested areas of Satipo Province in Perú and Acre in... 11 x2026
|
|
In Assiniboine 1 (Nakoda) (ASB) it’s 49 a. A Siouan language spoken by 150 or so in the northern US/Canadian Plains. Like Dalecarlian (q.v.)... 11 x2026
|
|
In Assiniboine 2 (Nakoda) (ASB) it’s 49 b. Alternative terminology. Ą́ba wašté né wópina wak’ú no! (“For this beautiful day, I give thanks!”) 11 x2026
|
|
In Asturian (AST) it’s 50. Indo-European, Romance, northern Spain (Oviedo/Gijón area), 350,000 native speakers. Its pre-Latin substrate shows Celtic elements along... 11xineru x2026 ▭ |
|
In Atayal (TAY) it’s 51. Austronesian family, Formosan, Atayalic, indigenous language of northern Taiwan, 84,000 speakers. Male and female speech use... 11tay qutux byacing x2026 |
|
In Atikamekw (ATJ) it’s 52. Algonquian family, Cree complex, 5500 speakers in southwestern Quebec. Unlike many New World indigenous languages, Atikamekw... 11 x2026
|
|
In Atong {India/Bangladesh} (AOT) it’s 53. Unlike many Sino-Tibetan languages, this one is non-tonal. Spoken by 10,000 in Northeast India and adjacent... 11 x2026
|
|
In Atsugewi (ATW) it’s 54. This (possibly) Hokan, Shasta–Palaihnihan language of California went extinct with the death of Medie Webster in... 11 x2026
|
|
In Austro-Bavarian (BAR) it’s 55. Akin to High German but highly divergent from it, using more Latin. Rural Austria, Bavaria, and... 11Jänna x2026 ▭ |
|
In Avar [Folk] (AVA) it’s 56. Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Dagestan and Azerbaijan. It uses either Cyrillic or augmented Arabic script... ١١ x٢٠٢٦ ▭
|
|
In Awa Pit (Cuaiquer) (KWI) it’s 57. Barbacoan family, seriously endangered, spoken by 13,000 on the Pacific slopes of the Andes in Colombia... 11akal masamtu x2026 |
|
In Aymara (AYM) it’s 58. South American indigenous language from the Aymaran family with only two members, the other being Jaqaru... 11 x2026 ▭
|
/ tah|
In Bafia (KSF) it’s 59. Niger-Congo, Bantu, spoken by 60,000 in southwestern Cameroon. Mostly oral, but efforts at establishing a written... 11ŋwíí a ntɔ́ntɔ x2026 |
|
In Bagirmi (BMI) it’s 60. Nilo-Saharan family, approx. 45,000 speakers in Chad and Nigeria. This was the language of the Sultanate... 11Nap keɗe x2026 |
|
In Bagvalal (Bagulal) (KVA) it’s 61. Northeast Caucasian, seriously endangered, 1500 speakers in Dagestan's Tsumadinsky District. Features ejectives and nasalized vowels... 11йанва́рбос̄ӏ [yanvárboss̓] x2026 |
|
In Bahasa Banjar (BJN) it’s 62. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken by the Banjarese of South Kalimantan in Indonesia. To ask if someone speaks Banjar:... 11Januari x2026 ▭ |
|
In Bakweri (Kpwe or Mokpwe) (BGM) it’s 63. Niger-Congo, Bantu Zone A, 25,000 speakers living in villages along the slopes of Mt Fako in... 11 x2026
|
|
In Balochi (Baluchi) (BAL) it’s 64. Indo-Iranic language related to Kurdish (q.v.), 7. 6 million speakers. Unusually for Iranic, it’s genderless and uses... ۱۱ x۲۰۲۶ ▭
|
|
In Bambara (BAM) it’s 65. Niger-Congo, Mande, Manding, spoken by 15 million in Mali. Bitonal, many French loans, mutually intelligible... ߁߁ߛߊߣߥߎߦߍ߫ ߞߊߟߐ / zanwuyé kalo x߂߀߂߆ ▭ |
|
In Bamum (Shümom) (BAX) it’s 66. Niger-Congo, Eastern Grassfields, with a bit over 400,000 speakers in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its native 80-character... ꛦꛦ
|
|
In Bariai [Premodern] (BCH) it’s 67. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Ngero group, vigorously maintained, first described by outsiders in 1912. Virtually all 1400 speakers... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Basaa (BAS) it’s 68. Niger-Congo, Bantu. Four tones, 230,000 speakers in Cameroon, not to be confused with Bassa (q.v.). Proverb:... 11kóndóñ x2026 |
|
In Bashkir (BAK) it’s 69. Turkic language spoken by 1. 2 million, primarily in Bashkortostan between the Volga and Urals. Like all... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Basque [Biscayan] (EUS) it’s 70. Basque is that textbook language isolate spoken in and around the Pyrenees. A forebear was Aquitanian... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Basque [Guipuzcoan] (EUS) it’s 71. This Basque can be heard in Guipuzcoa, a tiny Spanish province at the eastern extreme of... 11 x2026
|
|
In Basque [Souletin] (EUS) it’s 72. Most divergent of Basque dialects, from the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of France. Heavy Occitan (q.v.) influences, correspondingly... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Bassa (BSQ) it’s 73. Niger-Congo, Kru. Seven vowels with five tones each, spoken by 400,000 in Liberia and Sierra Leone... 11Dǔà-Dù / 𖫗𖫪𖫳𖫧𖫱-𖫗𖫪𖫱 x2026 |
|
In Batak [Toba] (BYA) it’s 74. Batak is a cluster of Malayo-Polynesian languages spoken in North Sumatra, from which 2 million speak... 11ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯘᯔ᯲ᯇᯮ ᯞᯮ [sipaha sampulu] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Bats (Batsbi or Tsova-Tush) (BBL) it’s 75. Northeast Caucasian, Nakh branch but unintelligible with Chechen or Ingush (qq.v.). Spoken in the village of... 11ჲანვარ [ianvar] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Belarusian (BEL) it’s 76. East Slavic, closely related to Ukrainian (q.v.). Though Belarusian is official in Belarus, only about 12%... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Belep (Nyâlayu) (YLY) it’s 77. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, 1600 speakers among New Caledonia's Belep Islands. Small sound inventory, four noun classes... 11mwanok pwalaic x2026 |
|
In Bemba (Chibemba) (BEM) it’s 78. Niger-Congo family, Southern Bantu. Tonal, spoken by 4 million in Zambia, Republic of Congo, Tanzania. Nine... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Bena (BEZ) it’s 79. Niger-Congo family, Northeast Bantu, spoken by 670,000 in south-central Tanzania. A Bena greeting for the first... 11pa mwedzi gwa hutala x2026 |
|
In Beothuk (BUE) it’s 80. Possibly Algonquian, spoken by a reclusive indigenous Newfoundland tribe, extinct since 1829 with the death of... 11kobshunéésamut x2026 ▭ |
|
In Berta [Mayu] (WTI) it’s 81. Nilo-Saharan (tentatively), native to the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Sudan and Ethiopia. Of all five Berta dialects... 11zigí sqúllá janúari x2026 |
|
In Bete [Eastern/Daloa] (BEV) it’s 82. Niger-Congo, Kru. Bété is spoken by 400,000 in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire; this is one... 11napɛ ɓʊ̀lʊ̀ leyi x2026 ▭ |
|
In Beti [Ewondo] (Kolo) (EWO) it’s 83. Niger-Congo family, Southern Bantu, tonal, with half a million speakers of this dialect in Cameroon. It... 11ngɔn osú x2026 |
|
In Bezhta (Kapucha) (KAP) it’s 84. Northeast Caucasian, akin to Avar (q.v.) though not mutually intelligible with it, spoken by around 6800... 11йана [yana] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Biete (Biate) (BIU) it’s 85. A Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin language spoken by 30,000 in northeastern India — Meghalaya, Assam, Mizoram, Manipur, and... 11Tualbual x2026 |
|
In Bishnupriya Manipuri (BPY) it’s 86. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indic, 120,000 native speakers in Bangladesh and Assam. Two dialects, Rajar Gang (“King's Village”)... ১১জানুয়ারী / jənuwəri x২০২৬ ▭ |
|
In Bislama (BIS) it’s 87. English-Austronesian creole with 10,000 native and 200,000 non-native speakers, official in Vanuatu. Vocabulary is mostly English;... 11Januari x2026 ▭ |
|
In Blackfoot (Siksika) (BLA) it’s 88. Algonquian family, unusual pitch system, with about 5000 speakers in Montana and southern Alberta. Since Oki... 11
|
|
In Blin (Bilen) (BYN) it’s 89. Afroasiatic, Cushitic, with 91,000-120,000 speakers around Keren, Eritrea. Akin to Tigrinya (q.v.) and Tigre, uses an... ፲፩ልደትሪ [lidetri] x፳፳፮ |
|
In Bonggi (Kamus Bonggi) (BDG) it’s 90. Malayo-Polynesian, North Bornean, 1400 speakers on the Banggi and Balambangan islands in Malaysia's Kudat District. 11buaidn satu x2026 |
|
In Breton (Armoric) (BRE) it’s 91. Indo-European, Celtic, Brythonic. Classed by UNESCO as severely endangered. Spoken in Brittany, akin to Welsh and... 11mis Genver x2026 ▭ |
|
In Bukhori (Judaeo-Tajik) (BHH) it’s 92. An endangered Persian ethnolect with Hebrew, Turkic, and Slavic loans spoken by 100,000 Bukharan Jews living... יאיאַנבאַר / yanvar / январ xב׳כו |
|
In Bulgar (XBO) it’s 93. Turkic, Oghur, extinct since medieval times, unrelated to modern Bulgarian (which is Indo-European, South Slavic). Right-to-left-reading... XI xMMXXVI
|
|
In Bulgarian [Eastern Rup, 19th century] (BUL) it’s 94. Like Macedonian, Serbian/Croatian, and Slovenian (qq.v.), Bulgarian is a South Slavic language. This particular dialect comes... 11 x2026
|
|
In Bulgarian [Rhodope, pre-1945] (BUL) it’s 95. Another Bulgarian dialect, here from the Rhodope Mountains around Smolyan. The non-Russian vowel character Ѣ/ѣ... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Burgundian (Bourguignon-morvandiau) (???) it’s 96. Indo-European, Romance, endangered Langue d’oïl spoken in Burgundy. Not to be confused with East Germanic Burgundian... 11janvier x2026 |
|
In Burmese (MYA) it’s 97. Sino-Tibetan. Spoken in Myanmar/Burma, tonal. Unusual sounds such as an unvoiced m and n. Script consists... ၁၁ဇန်နဝါရီ [zãnáwaẏi] x၂၀၂၆ ▭ |
|
In Burum (Somba-Siawari) (BMU) it’s 98. Trans-New Guinea family, Finisterre–Huon, Western Huon, spoken by 9000 in Papua New Guinea's Morobe Province on... 11samkit x2026 |
|
In Burushaski (BSK) it’s 99. A language isolate spoken by 90,000 in northern Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir in India. Three... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Burushaski [Wershikwar] (BSK) it’s 100. Native to the Wershegum region of the Yasin Valley, spoken by some 20,000 of the 90,000... 11 x2026
|
|
In Buryat [Premodern] (BUA) it’s 101. Mongolic language akin to Mongolian and Oirat (qq.v.). Spoken in China, Mongolia, and eastern Russia. Its... 11нэгэдүгээр һара / negedügeer ḥara x2026 ▭ |
/ Oupngou
/ áisstoyiimsstaa
/ ulug kyrlach ae|
In Cappadocian [Mistiot] (Cappadocian Greek) (CPG) it’s 102. A blend of Byzantine Greek and Turkish, presumed extinct by 1923 but rediscovered in June 2005... 11 x2026
|
|
In Carrier (Dakelh) (CRX) it’s 103. Na-Dené family, Athabaskan. A few hundred speakers in the Yekooche First Nation in British Columbia. Carrier... 11 x2026
|
|
In Catalan (CAT) it’s 104. Indo-European, Romance. Spoken in Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, and the country of Andorra where it's... 11gener x2026 ▭ |
|
In Cayuga (CAY) it’s 105. Iroquoian family, heard on the Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve in Ontario and the... 11 x2026
|
|
In Cerma (CME) it’s 106. Niger-Congo, Gur, 63,000 speakers in Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire. Three dialects: Niangoloko, Banfora, and Soubakanié... 11 x2026
|
|
In Cham [Eastern] (CJM) it’s 107. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, 245,000 speakers in Cambodia and Vietnam, descendants of the Kingdom of Champa. Akin to... ꩑꩑ꨝꨤꩆ ꨧ / balan sa x꩒꩐꩒꩖ ▭ |
|
In Cham [Western] (CJA) it’s 108. The other main Cham dialect, 73,000 speakers in Vietnam. Eastern and Western Cham have diverged so... ١١بلان سا / blaan sa x٢٠٢٦ |
|
In Chamorro [Premodern] (CHA) it’s 109. Malayo-Polynesian, 58,000 speakers in the Marianas, about half in the US territory of Guam. This is... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Chamí Emberá (CMI) it’s 110. From the Chacoan family, Emberá branch, 7800 speakers. The Chamí Emberá represent about 2% of Colombia's... 11‘ixawil ‘enero x2026 |
|
In Chang (Mochungrr) (NBC) it’s 111. Sino-Tibetan, Brahmaputran branch, 62,000 Scheduled Chang Naga tribe speakers in Nagaland, northeastern India. Uses the Roman... 11Lümlit x2026 |
|
In Chatino [Zona Alta] (CLY) it’s 112. Zapotecan language spoken by 23,000 in southern Oaxaca, Mexico, whose tonal system ranks among the world’s... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Chayahuita (Shawi) (CBT) it’s 113. One of only two languages of the Cahuapanan family, spoken by 14,000 in Loreto in Peru’s... 11 x2026
|
|
In Chechen 1 (CHE) it’s 114 a. Northeast Caucasian family, Nakh branch, related to Ingush (q.v.), 2 million speakers. It features an unusually... 11حهر / гьер [her] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Chechen 2 (CHE) it’s 114 b. A second alternative terminology for Chechen, inspired by the native Vainakh religion. Old Chechen saying... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Chechen 3 (CHE) it’s 114 c. Third alternative terminology for Chechen, secular and based on the seasons. A Chechen saying, equivalent to... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Cherokee [Overhill] (CHR) it’s 115. Iroquoian family, Oklahoma. This is the Cherokee standard upon which Sequoyah based his unique script. Later... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Cherokee [Eastern] (CHR) it’s 116. The three chief dialects of Cherokee when Europeans first encountered it were Overhill, Eastern, and Lower... 11 x2026
|
|
In Chewa (Chichewa or Nyanja) (NYA) it’s 117. Niger-Congo family, Bantoid, spoken in Malawi and Zambia. Examples from Chewa’s extensive noun class system: frogs... 11mwezi wa Januwale x2026 |
|
In Cheyenne (CHY) it’s 118. Algonquian family. Four principal tones, three principal vowels (a, e, o) which in some cases can... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Chickasaw (CIC) it’s 119. Muskogean family, related to Alabama and Choctaw (qqv.), some 75 speakers total in Oklahoma, USA. California-based... 11 x2026
|
|
In Chilcotin (CLC) it’s 120. Athabaskan, approx. 860 native speakers in central British Columbia, West of Williams Lake, along Highway 20... 11 x2026
|
|
In Chimané [Mosetén] (CAS) it’s 121. Language isolate (?) spoken by around 2000 north of La Paz, Bolivia. Same word used for... 11jirityyatyi’ ïwaj x2026 ▭ |
|
In Chinese [Hakka] (HAK) it’s 122. Sino-Tibetan. Spoken by 50 million in Taiwan, Southeast China, and diaspora communities worldwide. Unintelligible with Mandarin... 11
|
|
In Chinook Jargon (Wawa) (CHN) it’s 123. A trading language that thrived in the Pacific Northwest during the 19th century. Combined Native American... 11
|
|
In Chiwere (Iowa-Otoe-Missouria) (IOW) it’s 124. Western Siouan, akin to Winnebago (q.v.), natively extinct since 1996 though there are some 40 mostly... 11 x2026
|
|
In Choctaw (CHO) it’s 125. Muskogean, related to Alabama and Chickasaw (qq.v.). South-Central USA, 18,000 speakers. Used by Code Talkers during... 11Chanueli x2026 ▭ |
|
In Choyo (Queyu) (QVY) it’s 126. A Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic language of Yajiang and Xinlong Counties in Sichuan with approx. 7000 speakers. Choyo... 11da35wa55tã35bu53 x2026 |
|
In Chukchansi (YOK) it’s 127. Of uncertain family, classified as Yokutsan and, by some, considered a dialect of Yokuts itself. Endemic... 11 x2026
|
|
In Chukchi (CKT) it’s 128. Chukotko-Kamchatkan family, about 10,000 speakers in extreme eastern Siberia. Genders are animate versus inanimate, there’s vowel... 11эмйирык [emyiryk] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Chuukese (Trukese) (CHK) it’s 129. Malayo-Polynesian, Micronesian, spoken by around 50,000 ethnic Chuukese on the Chuuk Islands of the Carolines plus... 11Sanéweri x2026 |
|
In Chuvash (CHV) it’s 130. Turkic, spoken by a million people in the Urals. Features “hard” versus “soft” words. Genderless, agglutinative...   x  ▭
|
|
In Cimbrian (CIM) it’s 131. A Germanic language akin to Mòcheno (q.v.) spoken by approx. 2220 in Italy's Tyrol whose grammar... 11djenaro x2026 ▭ |
|
In Circassian (Cherkess) [Adyghe] (ADY) it’s 132. Northwest Caucasian, half a million speakers. Features 50-60 consonant sounds, mutually intelligible with the Kabardian dialect... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Circassian (Cherkess) [Kabardian] (KBD) it’s 133. The other major Circassian grouping, also called East Circassian, though still mutually intelligible with Adyghe. It... 11щIымахуэку [š’əmāχwakʷ] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Coeur d’Alene (CRD) it’s 134. Salishan family, Interior, Southern. Natively spoken by two elders as of 2014, though knowledge of it... 11 x2026
|
|
In Cofán (A’ingae) (CON) it’s 135. A seriously endangered language isolate spoken by 2400 Cofán people in Sucumbíos Province in northeast Ecuador... 11khuvû ashaen'chu x2026 |
|
In Comanche [Eastern] (COM) it’s 136. Uto-Aztecan family, Numic; native to Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma; some two dozen speakers... 11 x2026
|
|
In Comorian [Maore] (Shimaore) (SWB) it’s 137. Niger-Congo family, Bantu. 80,000 speakers on the French islands of Mayotte. Traditionally (and still) written in... ١١janvye / جَنڥیتٜ x٢٠٢٦ |
|
In Coptic (COP) it’s 138. Afroasiatic, Ptolemaic Egyptian. Extinct as vernacular, used for Coptic Orthodox liturgy. Greek-derived alphabet plus additional characters... ⲓ̄ⲁ̄ xⲃ̄̄ⲕ̄ⲋ̄ ▭
|
|
In Cornish (COR) it’s 139. Celtic, Brythonic. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly, natively extinct but nowadays actively studied. In the Celtic... 11mys Genver x2026 ▭ |
|
In Corsican (COS) it’s 140. Indo-European, Romance. Unlike Sardinian (q.v.), this language is interintelligible with Italian. An official survey concluded “86,800... 11ghjenaghju x2026 ▭ |
|
In Cotabato Manobo [Dulangan Manobo] (MTA) it’s 141. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken by 30,000 in the Sultan Kudarat and South Cotabato Provinces of Mindinao, Philippines. The... 11inilu x2026 |
|
In Cree (CRE) it’s 142. Algonquian family. Formerly creolized with French and Scottish Gaelic, related to Montagnais Innu (q.v.). Canada's Northwest... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Creek (Muscogee or Seminole) (MUS) it’s 143. Muskogean family, tonal with nasalizations and contrastive vowel lengths, 5000 speakers in Oklahoma and Florida. Mvskoke... 11 x2026
|
|
In Crimean Tatar (CRH) it’s 144. Half a million speakers. Although Turkic like Tatar (q.v.), Crimean Tatar is not considered a Tatar... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Croatian [Traditional] (HRV) it’s 145. South Slavic, spoken in Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, and parts of Serbia. Earliest writings date from 1345... 11 x2026
|
|
In Crow (Apsáalooke) (CRO) it’s 146. Siouan family, Western, as of 2007 spoken by 3500 in the Crow Nation in Southwest Montana... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Cuicatec (CUX) it’s 147. A language of the Oto-Manguean family spoken natively by 13,000 in western Oaxaca, Mexico. Tones are... 11e3ne2ro4 x2026 |
|
In Cuman (Polovetsian) (QWM) it’s 148. Turkic language spoken by Cuman-Kipchaks in eastern Europe, died with its last speaker, István Varró, on... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Curonian (XCU) it’s 149. Extinct Indo-European, Baltic language spoken until the 16th century in parts of modern Latvia, Lithuania, and... 11januars x2026 |
|
In Czech (Bohemian) (CZE) it’s 150. West Slavic, distinct from but mutually intelligible with Slovak. Czech borrows more German; Slovak, more Hungarian... 11 x2026 ▭
|
/ Sacho Nun
/ Shanwari|
In Dagaare (DGA) it’s 151. Niger-Congo, Gur branch, spoken by 1.1 million Dagaaba people Ghana and Burkina Faso. Unusual consonant clusters... 11KyuudengdengsobO x2026 |
|
In Dakota (Dakhota) (DAK) it’s 152. Siouan family, mutually intelligible with Lakota. Critically endangered with around 300 speakers out of a population... 11 x2026
|
|
In Dalecarlian (Elfdalian) (OVD) it’s 153. North Germanic, endangered, originally expressed with Dalecarlian Runes. Unlike Swedish, with which it isn't mutually intelligible... 11ᛁᚷᚿᚢᚷᚱᛁ / januari/januwari x2026 ▭ |
|
In Dalmatian (DLM) it’s 154. Extinct Romance language once spoken on the Adriatic east coast. Closest living relative is Istriot (q.v.)... 11januar x2026 ▭ |
|
In Dangaléat (DAA) it’s 155. Afroasiatic, East Chadic, 60,000 speakers concentrated in Migami Canton in Mongo, Chad. It features two vowel... 11keeŋuwa x2026 |
|
In Danish [Premodern/Folk] (DAN) it’s 156. North Germanic. Unlike sister languages Swedish and Norwegian, Danish uses a French-style uvular r. Unusually, it... 11 x2026
|
|
In Dan (DNJ) it’s 157. Niger-Congo family, Mande, 1.6 million speakers in Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia plus another 800 in Guinea... 11Zanvie x2026 ▭ |
|
In Deg Xinag (ING) it’s 158. Athabaskan language, virtually extinct with only 40 remaining speakers in the area around the lower Yukon... 11 x2026
|
|
In Denaakk’e (Koyukon Athabaskan)[Central] (KOY) it’s 159. Athabaskan family language spoken by approx. 300 in eastern Central Alaska. This is one of its... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Dena’ina (Tanaina) [Outer Inlet] (TFN) it’s 160. Dena’ina is an Athabaskan language spoken by a few dozen around Alaska’s Cook Inlet. Its over... 11 x2026
|
|
In Dhivehi (Maldivian) (DIV) it’s 161. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic, uses its exclusive dextrosinistral (right-to-left-reading) Thāna script which, unlike Arabic, always specifies vowels. Both... 11ޖެނުއަރީ [jenuʔarī] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Digaro Mishmi (Darang or Taraon) (MHU) it’s 162. “Possibly” Sino-Tibetan, 35,000 speakers in India's Arunachal Pradesh and China's Zayü County. Four tones, not usually... 11xɑ55 lo53 khɯn55 x2026 |
|
In Dimasa (Kachari) (DIS) it’s 163. Sino-Tibetan, Brahmaputran, akin to Kokborok and Garo (qq.v.), 137,000 speakers in India’s Nagaland and Assam. Bengali... ১১ x২০২৬
|
|
In Ditidaht (Nitinaht or Southern Nootka) (DTD) it’s 164. Wakashan family, Vancouver Island, virtually extinct natively. Ditidaht is one of the very few languages in... 11 x2026
|
|
In Djimini (Jinmini) (DYI) it’s 165. Niger-Congo, Senufo, pridefully supported by its 96,000 speakers in Côte d’Ivoire's Debakala department and in Burkina... 11yawosogolo x2026 |
|
In Dogrib (Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì) (DGR) it’s 166. Na-Dené, Athabaskan. Native to Canada’s Northwest Territories above Great Slave Lake, 2000 speakers, partially interintelligible with... 11Edàidzęę̀cho Zaà x2026 ▭ |
|
In Duala (DUA) it’s 167. Niger-Congo, Bantu, spoken natively by 90,000, as an acquired language by 2 million, in Cameroon. Duala... 11dimɔ́di x2026 |
|
In Dukhan (No ISO code) it’s 168. A seriously endangered Turkic amalgam related to Tuvan, Buryat, and Tofalar (qq.v.) spoken, often mixed with... 11 x2026
|
|
In Dupaningan Agta (DUE) it’s 169. A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in northeastern Luzon in the Philippines by some 1400 semi-nomadic Negrito hunter-gatherers... 11palungo a bulan x2026 |
|
In Duru [Dii] (DUR) it’s 170. Niger-Congo, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, 50,000 to 60,000 speakers in Cameroon. Dii Duru divides further into twelve recognized... 11hò̧ò̧m waa x2026 |
|
In Dusun (Bunduliwan) (DTP) it’s 171. A Malayo-Polynesian language, standardized by the Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah, and spoken by 140,000 in Malaysia... 11 x2026
|
|
In Dutch [Old] (ODT) it’s 172. Indo-European, Germanic, 9th to 12th centuries CE. Literary examples: The Leiden Willeram, a commentary on the... XI xMMXXVI ▭
|
|
In Dutch [West Flemish] (Vlaams) (ODT) it’s 173. Dutch dialect majority language of northern Belgium, spoken also in Hauts-de-France and Zeeland, by some 6.5... XI xMMXXVI
|
|
In Dyula (Jula) (DYU) it’s 174. Niger-Congo, Western Mande, East Manding, spoken by 6.9 million in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, and Mali... ߁߁ x߂߀߂߆
|
|
In Dzongkha (Bhutanese) (DZO) it’s 175. Sino-Tibetan family, approx. 170,000 native speakers (and an additional 470,000 non-native) in Bhutan where it's the... ༡༡སྤྱི་ཟླ་དངཔ་ [spyi.zlaw.daṅ.pa] x༢༠༢༦ ▭ |
|
In Edo (Bini) (BIN) it’s 176. Niger-Congo family. Spoken by 1.6 million in Nigeria’s Edo State who are largely Benin Empire descendants... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Embu (Kîembu) (EBU) it’s 177. Niger-Congo family, Bantu. Spoken by 320,000 in two dialects, northeast of Nairobi, Kenya. “How are you?”... 11Mweri wa mbere x2026 |
|
In Emilian (EGL) it’s 178. A set of Gallo-Italic Romance dialects spoken in Italy (Emilia-Romagna region, Urbino, and Pesaro) and the... 11żnêr x2026 ▭ |
|
In Emilian [Ferrarese] (EGL) it’s 179. The Emilian heard in the Italian regions of Ferrara and Veneto, which includes the city of... 11źnàr x2026 |
|
In Enets (Entsy) [Forest] (ENF and ENH) it’s 180. Moribund Samoyedic language spoken by 70 out of 260 ethnic Enets of Krasnoyarsk Krai in central... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In English [Old] (Anglo-Saxon) (ANG) it’s 181. Indo-European, Germanic, spoken 5th to 12th centuries CE. Four noun cases; three genders; definite articles were... XI xMMXXVI ▭
|
|
In Erromangan (Sie) [Folk/Traditional] (ERG) it’s 182. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, spoken by 1900 on Vanuatu's Erromango Island. Hardly any natives remember these archaic... 11 x2026
|
|
In Erromintxela (EMX) it’s 183. A unique blend of Basque and Kalderash Vlax Romani (qq.v.) spoken by around 1000 Pyrenees-dwelling Roma... 11 x2026
|
|
In Ersu [Ganluo] (ERS) it’s 184. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, around 13,000 speakers in western Sichuan. Documented dialects are Eastern (to which Ganluo belongs)... 11tʃı33i55ɬ ɑ33 x2026 |
|
In Erzya (MYV) it’s 185. Uralic, Mordvinic, 37,000 speakers, akin to Moksha£ (q.v.). It uses the same alphabet as Russian, though... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Estonian [Premodern] (EST) it’s 186. Uralic, Finnic. Features three vowel lengths, 15 noun cases. Estonian and Finnish (q.v.) are mutually intelligible... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Estonian [Southern] (Seto) (VRO) it’s 187. Closer to Võro (q.v.) than standard Estonian, spoken by 12,500 in the Setomaa region (Estonia/Russia). Germanic... 11 x2026
|
|
In Etruscan (ETT) it’s 188. Assigned to the hypothetical Tyrrhenian family, spoken on the Italian peninsula in classical times. Written right-to-left... 𐌠𐌢
|
|
In Even (Lamut) (EVE) it’s 189. Tungusic, akin to Evenki as shown here, 5700 speakers in eastern Siberia — Sakha, Khabarovsk, Magadan... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Evenki (Solon) (EVN) it’s 190. Tungusic, related to Even in the previous entry but four times as many speakers. In descending... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Ewe (EWE) it’s 191. Niger-Congo family, tonal, spoken by 5 million in western Africa. Related to Aja and Fon (qqv.)... Dzove x
|
|
In Extremaduran (EXT) it’s 192. A Romance language of west-central Spain. Some differences from Spanish: Infinitive verbs end in L, questions... 11jeneru x2026 ▭ |
|
In Eyak (EYA) it’s 193. Na-Dené, Athabaskan-Eyak, native to Cordova, Alaska, near the mouth of Copper River, extinct upon the death... 11χalagw’ila’agw ya qaχah x2026 |
|
In Falam (Falam Chin) (CFM) it’s 194. Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin, 107,000 speakers of four main dialects in Burma (Chin State) and India. Most Falams... 11kumkhat ih thla hmaisa bik x2026 ▭ |
|
In Fang (FAN) it’s 195. Niger-Congo, Southern Bantoid, one million speakers predominantly in Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, beyond that in Cameroon... 11ngon-ossua x2026 |
|
In Finnish (FIN) it’s 196. Uralic, Finnic, 5.4 million speakers in Scandinavia and Russia. Preliterate until the 16th century, highly inflected... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Fon (FON) it’s 197. Niger-Congo, Gbe, related to Aja and Ewe (qq.v.). Spoken by 2.2 million in Togo and Benin... 11alun sùn x2026 |
|
In Fox (Meskwaki or Sauk) 1 (SAC) it’s 198 a. Algonquian, endangered, approx. 2000 speakers distributed through Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa, and Coahuila (Mexico). It has two... 11chênawêha x2026 ▭ |
|
In Fox (Meskwaki or Sauk) 2 (SAC) it’s 198 b. Fox as above, written with the Fox I script. This is an abugida -- halfway between... 11tt.nw. x2026 |
|
In Fox (Meskwaki or Sauk) 3 (SAC) it’s 198 c. This is Fox written with the Fox II script, a true alphabet showing consonants and vowels... 11
|
|
In Frafra (Gurenɛ) (GUR) it’s 199. Niger-Congo, Gur, Mooré, related to Mossi (q.v.), spoken by 720,000 in Ghana and Burkina Faso. Its... 11yʋʋn-paalɛ wõrga x2026 |
|
In Frankish (Old Franconian) (FRK) it’s 200. Germanic language spoken in France between the 4th and 9th centuries, evolved into Old Dutch (q.v.)... XI xMMXXVI ▭
|
|
In Frisian [West] (FRY) it’s 201. Indo-European, West Germanic, considered to be the closest foreign language to English. About 470,000 speakers in... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Frisian [West Schiermonnikoog] (FRY) it’s 202. Heard on the Island of Schiermonnikoog off northern Netherlands, seriously endangered with fewer than 100 speakers 11 x2026
|
|
In Frisian [North] (Mooring or Bökingharde) (FRR) it’s 203. About 10,000 speakers in the Schleswig-Holstein region of Germany. A North Frisian birthday greeting is Fan... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Friulian (FUR) it’s 204. Indo-European, Romance. Spoken by half a million in northeastern Italy near the Slovenian border — see... 11genâr x2026 ▭ |
|
In Fula (FUL) it’s 205. Niger-Congo family, western Africa, official in Senegal. Most commonly written with the Roman alphabet, less so... 𞥑𞥑 x𞥒𞥐𞥒𞥖 ▭
|
|
In Fuliiru (Kifuliru) [Premodern] (FLR) it’s 206. Niger Congo, Great Lakes Bantu, 400,000 speakers north and west of Uvira, Kivu province, Democratic Republic... 11Umwezi gwa Kashonda x2026 |
|
In Fur (FVR) it’s 207. Tentatively attributed to the Nilo-Saharan family, spoken by 750,000 in South-Central Darfur in western Sudan and... 11Taanı̵̂l |
|
In Futunan (FUT) it’s 208. Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 6600 on Vanuatu's Futuna Island and in New Caledonia. Tiny Vanuatu itself... 11sanualio x2026 |
|
In Fuyu Kyrgyz (Manchurian Kirghiz) (???) it’s 209. Turkic. Not a dialect of Kyrgyz, but instead closer to Khakas (qq.v.). Spoken by fewer than... 11pïr ay x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ga (GAA) it’s 210. Niger-Congo family, Kwa division, spoken in Ghana by over 8 million. Tonal, three contrastive vowel lengths... Aharabata x
|
|
In Gaelic [Irish] (Irish) (GLE) it’s 211. Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic. Spoken as a first language along Ireland’s western coast, widely in Newfoundland until... 11Mí Eanáir x2026 ▭ |
|
In Gaelic [Scottish ] (GLA) it’s 212. Like Irish, also Celtic, Goidelic. Unlike Irish, Scots hyphenates its prefixes and applies grave accents to... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Gaelic [Scottish Archaic] (GLA) it’s 213. As Scots Gaelic above, but premodern. As shown here, an H in Goidelic script... XI xMMXXVI
|
|
In Gagauz (GAG) it’s 214. Turkic, Western Oghuz, 140,000 speakers in Moldova, Ukraine, Turkey, and Russia. Gagauz's oldest texts used the... 11π˙ουουκ αγ / бӱӱк ай / büük ay x2026 |
|
In Galician (GLG) it’s 215. Ibero-Romance, diverged from Portuguese, spoken in Galicia in northern Spain, regulated by the Royal Galician Academy... 11xaneiro x2026 ▭ |
|
In Gallong (Galo) [Lare] (ADL) it’s 216. Sino-Tibetan, Tani branch, at least four dialects though likely more, 30,000 speakers. Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India... 11deecww x2026 |
|
In Gallo (ROA-GAL) it’s 217. Indo-European, Romance, Langue d’oïl. Approx. 28,000 speakers in the upper Brittany region. Gallo bears some mutual... 11jaunvier x2026 ▭ |
|
In Gamilaraay (Kamilaroi) (KLD) it’s 218. Australian aboriginal language from the Pama-Nyungan family, Wiradhuric branch, native to northern New South Wales. Moribund... 11 x2026
|
|
In Garifuna (CAB) it’s 219. Arawakan language with French and Carib loans, Central America, 170,000 speakers. Men's and women's speech differ... 11furumeti hati x2026 ▭ |
|
In Garo (GRT) it’s 220. Sino-Tibetan family, Brahmaputran, spoken by 1.15 million in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya and in parts... ১১বিল্সিনি স্কাঙ্গিপা জা / bilsini skanggipa ja x২০২৬ |
|
In Gaulish (XTG) it’s 221. Indo-European, Celtic. Pre- and post-Roman France, extinct by the 7th century CE. Modern French uses several... XI xMMXXVI ▭
|
|
In Gciriku (Rumanyo) (DIU) it’s 222. Niger-Congo, Bantu, 36,000 speakers along the Okavango River in Angola, Botswana, and Namibia. Most Bantu languages... 11Muróngona x2026 |
|
In Georgian (KAT) it’s 223. Kartvelian family, agglutinative, lacks an f sound natively. Akin to, but unintelligible with, Svan (q.v.). Each... იაიანვარი [ianwari] xცკვ ▭ |
|
In Georgian [Old] (KAT) it’s 224. Georgian from around 800-1000 CE, original Asomtavruli script shown. A time-honored Georgian word is შემომეჭამა... ႨႠ xႺႩႥ
|
|
In German [Old High] (GOH) it’s 225. Earliest attested German language, ca. 500-1050 CE. Old High German — or something close — appears... XIHartimānōd xMMXXVI ▭ |
|
In German [Early New High] (GER) it’s 226. The language shown on a 1665 calendar, at which time a written standard was well underway... XIJenner xMMXXVI |
|
In German [Alsatian] (GSW) it’s 227. Indo-European, West Germanic. Alsace in eastern France. 900,000 speakers, all bilingual with French. Unlike High German... 11Janner x2026 ▭ |
|
In German [Alsatian Folk] (GSW) it’s 228. Alsatian terms previous to, or aside from, the modern neo-Latin. Month characterizations echo those of other... 11Wintermonat x2026 |
|
In German [Brazilian Pomeranian] (Pomerisch) (NDS) it’s 229. Not to be confused with West Slavic Pomeranian, this is a Portuguese-infused Low German dialect spoken... 11im Januar x2026 ▭ |
|
In German [Plautdietsch] (PDT) it’s 230. North Sea Germanic, Low German, akin to Dutch. Spoken in northern Germany, eastern areas of the... 11Jaunwoa x2026 ▭ |
|
In German [Ripuarian] (Kölsch) (KSH) it’s 231. Indo-European, West Germanic, Central Franconian. Cologne area, around a million speakers. Its various subdialects can identify... 11Jannowaa x2026 ▭ |
|
In German [Walser] (WAE) it’s 232. Germanic, uppermost Swiss Alps, some 23,000 native speakers of nine (or so) highly divergent sub-dialects... 11Jenner x2026 ▭ |
|
In Gitxsan (Gitksan or Gitsenimx) (GIT)
11 it’s 233. Tsimshianic family, British Columbia, fewer than 1000 speakers, closely related to Nisga’a (q.v.). Underscores (g/g̱... hlox̱sa gwlneeḵw x2026 |
|
In Gondi (GON) it’s 234. Dravidian family, spoken by 3 million in central India. Gondi has used several writing systems in... 𑶡𑶡𑶅𑵸𑶓 𑵰𑵺 / pado man x𑶢𑶠𑶢𑶦 ▭ |
|
In Gothic (GOT) it’s 235. Indo-European, extinct by the 10th century though a descendant, Crimean Gothic, survived until around 1790. I-E’s... 𐌹𐌰 x𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌵 ▭
|
|
In Gourmantché (Migourmantchema) (GUX) it’s 236. Niger-Congo, Gur, spoken by 900,000 in Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Togo. Its nouns use circumfixes — prefix-suffix... 11cile x2026 |
|
In Greek [Colloquial] (ELL) it’s 237. Indo-European, Hellenic. These more descriptive terms saw use in rural areas. The chemical element praseodymium is... ΙΑ x‘ΒΚϜ
|
|
In Greenlandic [Kalaallisut] (West Greenlandic) (KAL) it’s 238. Eskimo-Aleut, official in Greenland. Three more dialects are East (Tunumiisut), North or Thule (Avanersuarmiutut), and South... 11januaarip x2026 ▭ |
|
In Griko (Grecanic or Italiot Greek) (GRE) it’s 239. Variety of modern Greek, with which interintelligibility is described as poor, with 28,000 speakers in the... 11Ǵεννὰρι / Jennàri x2026 ▭ |
|
In Gros Ventre (Atsina) (ATS) it’s 240. Algonquian, Arapahoan language of the Gros Ventre people of Montana whose last native speaker was supercentenarian... 11 x2026
|
|
In Guahibo (Sikuani) (GUH) it’s 241. From the Guahiban family, 34,000 speakers in Colombia and in the Orinoco River area in Venezuela... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Guanzhong [Dungan] (DNG) it’s 242. A Sino-Tibetan language that, unusually, uses Cyrillic script. Even more unusually, it had previously used a... 11җынйүә / ژِِيُؤ [ʂənyüә] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Guaraní [Paraguayan] (GUG) it’s 243. Tupian family. This is the standard Guaraní spoken in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay. Genderless. Oldest writings... 11jasyteï x2026 ▭ |
|
In Guhu-Samane (Bia or Mid-Waria) (GHS) it’s 244. An isolate related to the Binanderean family, Papua New Guinea, five dialects recognized, all of 13,000... 11Dzanuba x2026 |
|
In Guiqiong (GQI) it’s 245. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic. A preliterate, only recently documented language with some 6000 speakers in Sichuan and Tibet... 11dↄ̃33bu55li53 x2026 |
|
In Gullah (Sea Islands Creole) (GUL) it’s 246. English-based with Niger-Congo influences, principally from Sapelo Island off Georgia’s Atlantic coast. Its speakers refer to... 11Jinnywerry x2026 ▭ |
|
In Gungu (Lugungu) (RUB) it’s 247. A Niger-Congo, Great Lakes Bantu language with 49,000 speakers in Buliisa, Hoima, and Masindi districts in... 11Mweri̱ Gwakubanza x2026 |
|
In Gusii (Ekegusii or Kisii) [Premodern] (GUZ) it’s 248. Niger-Congo family, Northeast Bantu, 2.2 million speakers in western Kenya's Gusii district. Karie bike ... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Gusilay (GSL) it’s 249. Niger-Congo, Jola branch, spoken by 15,000 in Southwest Senegal. Its speakers also use other languages such... 11Fúwaagen x2026 |
|
In Gutnish (Gotlandic) (???) it’s 250. Endangered North Germanic language some assign to its own sub-branch, spoken by 2000–5000 on the islands... 11janvari x2026 |
|
In Gwere (Lugwere) (GWR) it’s 251. Niger-Congo, Great Lakes Bantu, 410,000 speakers in Uganda. Contrastive vowel length — long versus short. Omukali... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Gwich’in [Fort McPherson] (GWI) it’s 252. Na-Dené family, Athabaskan. Of all dialects inclusive, 600 speakers in Alaska and northwest Canada. Analyses of... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Haida (HAI) it’s 253. Language isolate native to the Haida Gwaii archipelago off the coast of British Columbia, with 14... 11 x2026
|
|
In Haitian Creole (HAT) it’s 254. Based on 18th century French with influences from other Romance languages, English, Taíno, and African languages... 11janvye x2026 ▭ |
|
In Hakha Chin (Lai) (CNH) it’s 255. Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin, Central, spoken by 450,000 in Burma, Bangladesh, India, and in western expat communities. Mutually... ၁၁ဇနုအရိ ထ္လ / Januari thla x၂၀၂၆ |
|
In Harari (HAR) it’s 256. Afroasiatic, Semitic, approx. 25,000 speakers in Ethiopia. Originally recorded with Arabic characters, it now uses Ethiopic... 11اهَدخَا وَرهَي / ahad-khá warhay x2026 ▭ |
|
In Havasupai-Hualapai (YUF) it’s 257. Yuman family, around 1500 speakers of both dialects together in northwest Arizona. About 200 Havasupai (“people... 11 x2026
|
|
In Hawaiian [Premodern] (HAW) it’s 258. Malayo-Polynesian, Marquesic, 24,000 native speakers on the Hawaiian Islands. Like Māori , Hawaiian has no sibilants... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Hawaiian [Premodern Maui] (HAW) it’s 259. Premodern Hawaiian terms native to the Island of Maui. Hawaiian peculiarity: The words for “mother” and... 11 x2026
|
|
In Heiltsuk-Oowekyala [Heiltsuk] (HEI) it’s 260. Wakashan family, spoken natively by 60 people around Bella Bella and Klemtu on British Columbia's northern... 11 x2026
|
|
In Herero (Otjiherero) (HER) it’s 261. Niger-Congo, Bantu, spoken by around 200,000 of at least six different ethnicities in Angola, Botswana, and... 11Rozonḓu x2026 ▭ |
|
In Hidatsa (HID) it’s 262. Western Siouan, spoken by 200 in North and South Dakota and Montana. A relatively modest sound... 11 x2026
|
|
In Hiligaynon (Ilongo) (HIL) it’s 263. Malayo-Polynesian, Visaya group, spoken in the Philippines. The indigenous abugida script shown, Baybayin, dates from the...  x   ▭
|
|
In Hmong Daw [White Miao] (MWW) it’s 264. Hmong-Mien family, native to mountainous areas in SE Asia. This Hmong language has an unvoiced m... 𞅁𞅁𞄦𞄰𞄉𞄄𞄴𞄦𞄂𞄧𞄲𞄸 / Ib hlis ntuj x𞅂𞅀𞅂𞅆 ▭ |
|
In Ho (HOC) it’s 265. Austroasiatic, Munda, 1.4 million speakers in India’s Jharkhkand, Odisha, and West Bengal and in Bangladesh. Ho’s... 𑣡𑣡𑢶𑣁𑣋 / Mág x𑣢𑣠𑣢𑣦 ▭ |
|
In Holikachuk (HOI) it’s 266. Athabaskan language, central Alaska, extinct. It used 37 consonants, 7 of which were ejectives. Its last... 11Mits’in Niłtogidziłghul x2026 |
|
In Homshetsi (Hamshen or Homshetsma) (HYW) it’s 267. Archaic Armenian dialect spoken by 14,000 in Turkey, preliterate until 1995. Homshetsi is only partially interintelligible... 11նորդայի [nordayi] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Hopi (HOP) it’s 268. Uto-Aztecan family, approx. 7000 native speakers in Northeast Arizona. Bitonal with four distinct dialects, identified by... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Hrangkhol (Hrangkhawl) (HRA) it’s 269. This Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin language is rated vulnerable with 19,000 speakers in India’s Assam, Tripura, Manipur, and... 11tualbual x2026 |
|
In Hrê (HRE) it’s 270. Austroasiatic family, Bahnaric, Sedang-Todrah, 94,000 speakers among the Hrê/H're people of Vietnam's Binh Dinh, Gia Lai... 11khê mòiq x2026 |
|
In Huichol [Wixarika] (HCH) it’s 271. Uto-Aztecan language with 45,000 speakers, native to west-central Mexico. Creates long “sentence words” with prefixes and... 11tasunasi x2026 ▭ |
|
In Hungarian [Premodern secular] (OHU) it’s 272. Uralic family, closely akin to only two other surviving languages — Khanty and Mansi (qq.v.). This... 𐳼𐳺 x𐳿 𐳿𐳼𐳼𐳻𐳺 ▭
|
|
In Hungarian [Premodern religious] (OHU) it’s 273. Church-based Hungarian of similar antiquity. Its Old Hungarian script, székely–magyar rovásírás, saw use in remote areas... 𐳼𐳺 x𐳿 𐳿𐳼𐳼𐳻𐳺
|
|
In Hungarian [Reform Era] (HUN) it’s 274. The Hungarian language during its nationalistic fervor of 1825-1848. As you can see by examining the... 11 x2026
|
|
In Huron (Wyandot) [17th-18th centuries] (WYA) it’s 275. Iroquoian family, Five Nations, Huronian, native to Quebec. As recorded by French Jesuits from the 1650s... 11 x2026
|
|
In Iatmül (IAN) it’s 276. Sepik family, spoken in four dialects by 8400 in the Sepik River Basin of Papua New... 11 x2026
|
|
In Iban (IBA) it’s 277. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken natively by 790,000 ethnic Dyak in Malaysia's state of Sarawak, Indonesia's province of West... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Icelandic [Premodern] (ISL) it’s 278. Indo-European, North Germanic, 314,000 speakers. Descended from Old Norse, its written form, if not its oral... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Idu Mishmi (Chulikata) (CLK) it’s 279. Sino-Tibetan, endangered. India’s Dibang Valley District of Arunachal Pradesh, three dialects. Proverb: Imu khege mey tapumme... ११तच्यि [tacyi] x२०२६ ▭ |
|
In Igbo (IBO) it’s 280. Niger-Congo, tonal, proverb-heavy, Nigeria. Origin of the word “okra.” Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor of Amistad and ... 11ónwa ḿbun’áfò x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ik (IKX) it’s 281. Nilo-Saharan, Kuliak branch, 7500 speakers in Uganda along Kenya’s northwest border, severely endangered. Features 4 implosive... 11 x2026
|
|
In Ingrian (Izhorian) (IZH) it’s 282. Uralic, Finnic language with only 120 speakers around Gulf of Finland. If it’s afternoon, an Ingrian... 11janvari x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ingush 1 (INH) it’s 283 a. Northeast Caucasian family, Nakh branch, tonal, spoken by 500,000 in the Russian republics of Chechnya and... 11нижгамсхой [nižgamsχoi] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ingush 2 (INH) it’s 283 b. Alternative terminology. During World War II, fearing their distinctiveness, Stalin mercilessly banished the Ingush along with... 11 x2026
|
|
In Inuktitut [Modern] (IKU) it’s 284. Eskimo-Aleut family, north of Canada's tree line. There are some 35,000 speakers and, unlike the case... 11ᔭᓐᓄᐊᓕ / January x2026 |
|
In Inuktitut [Nunavik] (IKU) it’s 285. A dialect of Inuktitut spoken in fourteen coastal villages of Nunavik — a semi-autonomous region occupying... 11 x2026
|
|
In Inuktitut [Qikiqtaaluk] (IKU) it’s 286. Inuktitut terminology used in the Baffin Region. Seasons lag a month from Nunavik (q.v.). “How are... 11 x2026
|
|
In Inupiaq [North Slope/Coastal] (IPK) it’s 287. Eskimo-Aleut family, extreme northwest Alaska. Including all Inupiaq dialects, there are about 2000 native speakers. Agglutinative.  x ▭
|
|
In Inupiaq [Malemiut] (IPK) it’s 288. Inupiaq dialect native to northwest Alaska’s Kotzebue Sound, around the towns of Deering, Kivalina, Kotzebue, and... x
|
|
In Iraqw (IRK) it’s 289. Afroasiatic, Cushitic, spoken by 600,000 in Tanzania's Arusha Region. Three genders, sentences end with a verb... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Istriot (Rovignese) (IST) it’s 290. Closely related to extinct Dalmatian (q.v.), this Romance language is spoken by around 400 on Croatia's... 11genàro x2026 ▭ |
|
In Itelmen (ITL) it’s 291. Of Chukotko-Kamchatkan, the sole surviving Kamchatkan language, spoken by fewer than 100 in and around the... 11 x2026
|
|
In Iu Mien (Yao) (IUM) it’s 292. Hmong-mien family, spoken by 840,000 of a Yao subgroup Iu Mien, in China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam... 11zih hlaax x2026 |
|
In Izere [Ibor] (IZR) it’s 293. Niger-Congo family, Plateau, 50,000 to 100,000 speakers total in Nigeria’s Fobur region northeast of Abuja. Of... 11 x2026
|
/ Nalliqaittuq
/ Qaummagiaq|
In Japanese [Heian] (OJP) it’s 294. Old to Middle Japanese dating from the Heian Period (794-1185). This was when the language was...   x   ▭
|
|
In Japhug [Kamnyu Village] (JYA) it’s 295. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, Rgyalgrongic, as spoken in Mbarkham County in Sichuan, China. Preliterate and, remarkably, non-tonal. To... 11taŋbu jamar x2026 |
|
In Jaqaru (JQR) it’s 296. With Aymara (q.v.), the other member of the Aymaran family, natively spoken by 740 in the... 11iniru x2026 |
|
In Jarai (JRA) it’s 297. Malayo-Polynesian language akin to Cham (q.v.), spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia and by Vietnam War refugees... 11blan sa x2026 ▭ |
|
In Jebero (Shiwilu) (JEB) it’s 298. Cahuapanan family, moribund, spoken by a few dozen elders. The Jeberos number around 2500 and live... 11 x2026
|
|
In Jemez (Towa) (TOW) it’s 299. From the tiny Tanoan family, spoken by 3000 exclusively in Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico. Tonal. Jemez... 11Flying ant month x2026 |
|
In Jerba Berber (JBN) it’s 300. Afroasiatic, Berber, Zenati branch, spoken by 10,000 on the Tunisian island of Jerba — the supposed... 11yennár x2026 ▭ |
|
In Jingpho (Kachin) (KAC) it’s 301. Sino-Tibetan, Brahmaputran with 900,000 speakers in Kachin State, Burma, and Yunan Province, China. Five tones, commonly... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Jju (Kaje or Kache) (KAJ) it’s 302. Niger-Congo, West Plateau, spoken by 300,000 Bajjus in Nigeria’s southern Kaduna state. Forms many plurals by... 11Hywan A̱urnig x2026 |
|
In Jola-Fonyi (DYO) it’s 303. Niger-Congo family, Central Jola group, spoken by 410,000 in Senegal and The Gambia. The 2004 Oscar-nominated... 11sanvie x2026 |
|
In Jurchen (DTA) it’s 304. Extinct language from the Tungusic family which evolved into Manchu (q.v.) around the 17th century. This... 11
|
nienie biya|
In Kabiye (KBP) it’s 305. Niger-Congo, Gur, Grũsi. Tonal, ten noun classes, spoken by 1.2 million in Togo, Benin, and Ghana... 11kɔlaɣ fenaɣ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kabuverdianu (Cape Verdean Creole) (KEA) it’s 306. Oldest surviving creole, based on 15th century Portuguese, spoken by 870,000 on the island nation of... 11janeru x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kabwa (Ekikabwa) (CWA) it’s 307. Niger-Congo, Northeast Bantu, 14,000 speakers in Tanzania's Mara Region adjacent to Lake Victoria. Kabwa has 23... 11Nyaruteeri x2026 |
|
In Kabyle (Taqbaylit) (KAB) it’s 308. Afroasiatic, Berber, spoken in Algeria. Masculine nouns in Kabyle can be feminized, or made diminutive, by... ⵔⵏⵢⴻⵏⵏⴰⵢⴻⵔ [yennayer] xⴵⴵⵔⵔⵦⵏ ▭ |
|
In Kaili [Ledo] (Ledo Kaili) (LEW) it’s 309. Malayo-Polynesian, Celebic, native to Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Of the 13 Kaili dialects, Ledo, with 350,000 speakers... 11bula sangu x2026 |
|
In Kainji [Piti-Atsam] (PCN) it’s 310. Niger-Congo family, Platoid, native to Nigeria's Kainji Lake region. The 60-odd Kanji languages have around a... 11pen dyon x2026 |
|
In Kako (Mkako) (KKJ) it’s 311. Niger-Congo family, Bantu. Spoken by around 120,000 who are mostly Batouri and Ndélélé in Cameroon, including... 11pamba x2026 |
|
In Kalapuya (KYL) it’s 312. Tiny language family with three members, once spoken in western Oregon, extinct. Central Kalapuya's last speaker... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kalinga [Lubuagan] (KNB) it’s 313. Malayo-Polynesian, Philippine, Central Cordilleran. Kalinga is spoken by 110,000 Igorot people, 12,000 of whom speak this... 11kiyang x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kamba {Kenya} (KAM) it’s 314. Niger-Congo, Bantu, spoken in Kenya and Tanzania. First recorded in audio in 1911. Not to be... 11Mwai wa mbee x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kankanaey [Northern] (XNN) it’s 315. A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on Luzon in the Philippines. Kankanaey has 240,000 speakers; Northern Kankanaey, 94,000... 11inana x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kannada (Kanarese) (KAN) it’s 316. Dravidian family, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, 45 million speakers in India's Karnataka State and surrounding areas. It has... ೧೧ಜನವರೀ [janavari] x೨೦೨೬ ▭ |
|
In Kanza (Kaw) (KSK) it’s 317. A language from the Siouan family spoken by the Kaw people of Kansas, natively extinct. Its... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kapingamarangi (Kirinit) (KPG) it’s 318. Severely endangered Polynesian language with around 3000 speakers on the Kapingamarangi and Pohnpei Islands of Micronesia... 11dahi malama x2026 |
|
In Kaqchikel (CAK) it’s 319. Mayan family, 450,000 speakers in Guatemala's Central Highlands. Kaqchikel intensifies adjectives by reduplication — repeating them... 11nab’ey ik’ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Karachay-Balkar [Pre-modern] (KRC) it’s 320. Turkic language spoken by 240,000 in the Kabardino-Balkaria region of the North Caucasus and several other... 11башил ай [bašil ay] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Karakalpak (Qaraqalpaq) (KAA) it’s 321. Turkic, akin to Kazakh (q.v.), approx. 400,000 speakers in Uzbekistan. Observes vowel harmony except with Russian... 11 x2026
|
|
In Karang (KZR) it’s 322. Niger-Congo, Bantu. Four dialects, 18,000 speakers in Cameroon. Adds letters Ɓ (B with hook), Ɗ (D... 11few gel tel x2026 |
|
In Karbi (Mikir or Arleng) (MJW) it’s 323. Sino-Tibetan, though its position within that family remains speculative. Two main dialects, 500,000 speakers in the... 11arkoi x2026 ▭ |
|
In Karelian [Standard] (KRL) it’s 324. Uralic, Finnic, 36,000 speakers. Non-Karelians typically call it a Finnish (q.v.) dialect, though in fact Old... 11 x2026
|
|
In Karelian [Livvi/Olonets] (OLO) it’s 325. About 30,000 speakers, mostly clustered northeast of Saint Petersburg, adjacent to the eastern shore of Lake... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Karen [S’gaw] (KAR) it’s 326. From the Sino-Tibetan family, Karen divides into three branches: S’gaw, Pwo and Pa’o. S’gaw is spoken... ၁၁
|
|
In Karuk (KYH) it’s 327. Language isolate native to Northwest California's Siskiyou, Humboldt, and Del Norte counties. As of 2007, a... 11kuyráakhan x2026 |
|
In Kasena (Kasem) (XSM) it’s 328. Niger-Congo, Gur, 250,000 speakers in Ghana (where it's official) and Burkina Faso. The alphabets the two... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kaska (KKZ) it’s 329. Na-Dené, Athabaskan. Fewer than 300 native speakers in towns in the Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory, and... 11 x2026
|
|
In Katso (Kazhuo) (KAF) it’s 330. Sino-Tibetan, Loloish, 4000 ethnic Mongol speakers, Tonghai County in Yunnan, China. Eight tones. To help out... 11zɿ323jɛ33 x2026 |
|
In Kayan {Malayo-Polynesian} [Baram] (KCT) it’s 331. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken in central Borneo in two dialects of weak interintelligibility. The Bornean Kayan greeting "Have... 11bulan ji x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kazakh (KAZ) it’s 332. Altaic, Turkic, akin to Karakalpak (q.v.). In 2017 Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev decreed a complete switch... 11қаңтар / qañtar x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kemezung (Dumbo) (DMO) it’s 333. Niger-Congo family, Southern Bantoid, 4500 speakers in or about the villages of Dumbu and Kwei in... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kenyah [Lepo’ Tau] (XKL) it’s 334. Malayo-Polynesian, North Bornean, Kenyah, Highland B group. There are about a dozen Kenyah dialects spoken on... 11bulan ca x2026 ▭ |
|
In Keres (Keresan) (KEE/KJQ) it’s 335. Language isolate group spoken in New Mexico, tonal, with an extremely large consonant and vowel inventory... 11nadzi kisraiti x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ket (KET) it’s 336. Sole surviving language from the Yeniseian family, seriously endangered, 150 speakers in Siberia’s Yenisei River valley... 11ӄяӷып [qjaɣyp] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Khakas [Koybal] (KJH) it’s 337. Turkic language spoken by 43,000 (most of whom are bilingual in Russian) in the Khakassia Republic... 11kürgän x2026 ▭ |
|
In Khakas [Sagay] (KJH) it’s 338. Another dialect of Khakas. Saying: “Horses become acquainted by neighing, people by talking.” 11 x2026
|
|
In Khanty (KCA) it’s 339. Uralic language related to Mansi (q.v.) and Hungarian with 12,000 speakers in Russia’s Khanty–Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets... 11тӱӆәҳ йӓҷә тыӆәс [tül̦ĕx̌ yäç̌ĕ tyl̦ĕs] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Khanty [Eastern] (KCA) it’s 340. Eastern Khanty terms collected 1956-1957. Then as now, Khanty uses a single word for both blue... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kharia (KHR) it’s 341. Austroasiatic family, Munda branch, about 300,000 speakers in Nepal, mainland India, and the Andaman and Nicobar... 11 x2026
|
|
In Khasi (KHA) it’s 342. Austroasiatic family, Mon-Khmer, spoken by about one million in the Meghalaya state in India. Uses the... 11kylla-lyngkot [kllaː lŋkot] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Khmer (Cambodian) (KHM) it’s 343. Austroasiatic family, Mon-Khmer branch, heavy Sanskrit influences. Oldest inscription dates from 611 CE. Like Thai, Khmer... ១១ x២០២៦ ▭
|
|
In Khoekhoe [Nàmá] (HQM) it’s 344. Khoe family, 200,000 speakers all dialects inclusive in Namibia, Batswana, South Africa. Tonal; includes 20 clicks... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Khowar (Chitrali) (KHW) it’s 345. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic, 450,000 speakers mostly in Pakistan. Five dialects, month names can vary from one Chitrali... ۱۱پهيتنگ / pheting x۲۰۲۶ |
|
In Kiche’ (Quiché) (QUC) it’s 346. Mayan family, spoken by 2.3 million in Guatemala, 13 percent of whom are monolingual. The famous... 11nab’e ik’ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kiga 1 (Rukiga) (CGG) it’s 347 a. Niger-Congo, Central Bantu. Uganda and Rwanda. Prefixes indicate the class of a noun. For example, prefix... 11Okwokubanza x2026 |
|
In Kiga 2 (Rukiga) (CGG) it’s 347 b. Alternate Kiga terminology, considered “Classical.” Saying: Okukurabura akabi naba arimunywani wawe. (“He who warns you of... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kikuyu (Gikuyu) (KIK) it’s 348. Niger-Congo, Northeast Bantu, 6.6 million speakers in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Three tones: high, low, low-rising... 11Njenuarĩ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kiliwa (KLB) it’s 349. Yuman language, three pitch accents, northern Baja California. Four native speakers reported as of 2018, though... 11ja’la’ kekuapñal x2026 |
|
In Kiowa (KIO) it’s 350. One of seven languages belonging to the Tanoan family, seriously endangered, 100 speakers in western Oklahoma... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kiribati (Gilbertese) (GIL) it’s 351. Malayo-Polynesian, Micronesian, 120,000 speakers. Its alphabet has 13 letters. "Kiribati" is pronounced keer-i-bass, as natively this... 11Tianuare x2026 |
|
In Koasati (Coushatta) (CKU) it’s 352. Muskogean language, tonal, spoken by 200 Coushatta people who live just north of Elton, LA and... 11cinowí:ri x2026 |
|
In Kodi (Kudi) (KOD) it’s 353. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, 20,000 politically isolated speakers on Sumba Island, Indonesia. In the manner of Celtic... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Koho (KPM) it’s 354. Austroasiatic, Bahnaric, twelve dialects, 200,000 speakers in Vietnam's Lâm Đồng Province. Contrastive vowel length; prefix tön-... 11kəənhaj duːl x2026 |
|
In Kokborok (Tripuri) (TRP) it’s 355. Sino-Tibetan language of India and Bangladesh, spoken by 900,000. Uses high and low tones. Its speakers... 11talrung x2026 |
|
In Kom (BKM) it’s 356. Niger-Congo, Northwest Cameroon. Most of its 127,000 speakers are bilingual with English. Although Kom is tri-tonal... 11 x2026
|
|
In Komi (Komi-Ziryan) (KPV) it’s 357. Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Permic, akin to Udmurt (q.v.). Spoken by 160,000 in Russia’s Komi Republic. The Old... 11𐍢𐍞𐍮 𐍥𐍞𐍠 / тӧв шӧр [töv šör] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Komo {Nilo-Saharan} (XOM) it’s 358. Nilo-Saharan (possibly), Koman; 10,000 speakers in Sudan, 8500 in Ethiopia. Three tones, uses ejective and implosive... 11pay a buss x2026 |
|
In Kongo (KON) it’s 359. Niger-Congo, Bantu, spoken by over six million in Angola and both Congos. The words “zombie” and... 11sánza ya libosó x2026 |
|
In Konso (KXC) it’s 360. Afroasiatic, Cushitic, spoken by 240,000 south of Lake Chamo in Ethiopia. Serves as a lingua franca... 11oypa x2026 ▭ |
|
In Korku (KFQ) it’s 361. Austroasiatic, Munda. 727,133 speakers in rural central and eastern India. Rapidly losing ground to Hindi, UNESCO... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kosraean (Kusaiean) (KOS) it’s 362. Malayo-Polynesian, Micronesian, spoken by 8000 on Kosrae of the Caroline Islands (where it's the official language)... 11sacnwuhri x2026 |
|
In Kpelle (KPE) it’s 363. Niger-Congo, Western Mande, 1.3 million speakers total in Guinea and Liberia. Three dialects, three tones. When... 11Gole-ɣaloŋ-leei x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kposo (Ikposo) (KPO) it’s 364. Niger-Congo, Kwa, 160,000 speakers in Togo and Ghana. Consonant clusters kp and gb frequently occur, along... 11 x2026
|
|
In Ksingmul (PUO) it’s 365. Austroasiatic, Mon-Khmer, spoken by 27,000 ethnic Ksingmul (Xinh Mul in Vietnamese) in Sơn La and... 11bluən mot x2026 |
|
In Kumandin (???) it’s 366. Turkic, East Uyghur (or Altai, according to some) branch, approx. 1000 speakers among the Sayan Mountains... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kumyk (KUM) it’s 367. A Turkic language related to Karachay-Balkar (q.v.), spoken by approx. 400,000 in Dagestan. Influenced by Northeast... 11аювъятгъан / اَیُۋَتْگَن [ayuvatgan] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kumzari (ZUM) it’s 368. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic, preliterate, spoken by 4000-5000 on northern Oman’s Musandam Peninsula on the Strait of Hormuz... ۱۱ما يك / mā yak x۲۰۲۶ |
|
In Kuna (Cuna or Guna) (CUK) it’s 369. Chibchan family, spoken by 60,000 Kuna people of Panama's San Blas Islands and the northern coast... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kurdish [Kurmanji/North] (KMR) it’s 370. Indo-European family, Indo-Iranic. Of the 25 million in the Middle East for all dialects inclusive, 75%... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Kurdish [Kurmanji/North/Yazidi] (KMR) it’s 371. While Kurdish Gregorian month terminology follows no particular standard, this is a version typically associated with... 11
|
|
In Kurdish [Sorani/South] (CKB) it’s 372. The Kurdish dialect second in number of speakers to Kurmanji. Sorani uses a modified Arabic script... ۱۱ x۲۰۲۶ ▭
|
|
In Kusasi (Kusaal) [Western or Mowed] (KUS) it’s 373. Niger-Congo, Gur, 17,000 speakers in Burkina Faso. Tonal. There's also an Eastern dialect, spoken in neighboring... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kutenai (Ktunaxa) (KUT) it’s 374. Language isolate spoken by 100 in British Columbia, Montana, and Idaho. No distinction between voiced versus... 11 x2026
|
|
In Kuu-Kizhi (???) it’s 375. Turkic, Central Turkic, Northern Altai. Around 2000 speakers in Russia's Altai Republic along the Lebed’ River... 11куран ай [kuran ay] x2026 |
|
In Kven (FKV) it’s 376. A seriously endangered Finnic language spoken by a few thousand mostly in the communities of Storfjord... 11januaarikuu x2026 ▭ |
|
In Kwamera (Ni̵fe) (TNK) it’s 377. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Melanesian, spoken by 2000 or so within sight of Yasur Volcano on Tanna, Vanuatu... 11Nahua / Veretam x2026 |
|
In Kwangali (KWN) it’s 378. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, spoken by 84,000 in the Okavango River area of Namibia and Angola. Unusually... 11Murongagona x2026 |
|
In Kyrgyz (KIR) it’s 379. Turkic, Kipchak, spoken by 4 million in Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and China. First written with Old... 11үчтүн айы / üçtün ayı / ۇچتۇن ايى x2026 ▭ |
/ 
/ çile|
In Lach (???) it’s 380. Either a dialect of Czech, Polish, or Silesian — depending on whom you’d rather please. Óndra... 11 x2026
|
|
In Ladakhi (Bhoti or Balti) (LBJ) it’s 381. Sino-Tibetan language spoken by around 130,000 in India, Nepal, China, and Pakistan. Ladakhi and Tibetan are... 11dawa chik pa x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ladin [Badiotto] (LLD) it’s 382. Ladin (pronounced la-deen), not to be confused with Ladino, is a Romance language related to Romansh... 11jená x2026 |
|
In Ladin [Cadorean] (LLD) it’s 383. The Ladin dialect heard in Cadore in the Italian province of Belluno bordering on Austria. While... 11denei x2026 |
|
In Ladin [Fassa Valley] (LLD) it’s 384. Another Ladin dialect, spoken in the Italian Alpine province of Trentino. Singer Martina Iori, winner of... 11jené x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ladin [Gardenese] (LLD) it’s 385. A fourth Ladin dialect, 8000 speakers in Val Gardena. Kurat Josef Anton Vian published the first... 11jené x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ladin [Nones] (LLD) it’s 386. A fifth Ladin dialect, spoken in the Non Valley. Whether Nones should be considered a dialect... 11zenar x2026 |
|
In Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish or Judezmo) (LAD) it’s 387. Medieval Spanish substrate with Hebrew, Arabic, and Turkish loans. Spoken by perhaps 50,000 Sephardic Jews worldwide... יאاَانَارُ / אינירו / enero xב׳כו ▭ |
|
In Lahu (LHU) it’s 388. Sino-Tibetan family, Loloish, 600,000 speakers in China, Thailand, Burma, and Laos. Used also as a lingua... 11jànàvālī x2026 |
|
In Lak (LBE) it’s 389. Northeast Caucasian, spoken by approx. 160,000 in southern Dagestan, enriched by loans from Russian, Turkish, Arabic... 11ڝَلچِنمُر بَرز / цалчинмур барз [tsalčinmur barz] x2026 |
|
In Lakota (LKT) it’s 390. Siouan-Catawban family, spoken by approx. 6000 in the US Dakotas. Heard in the 1990 movie Dances... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Lama (LAS) it’s 391. Niger-Congo, Gur, Gurunsi, 260,000 speakers in Benin and Togo in three dialects. Three tones also: high... 11 x2026
|
|
In Lao [Standard] (LAO) it’s 392. Kra–Dai family, Tai, 30 million speakers in Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia. Contrastive vowel length, 6 tones... ໑໑ x໒໐໒໖ ▭
|
|
In Lao [Isan] (TTS) it’s 393. A group of Lao dialects spoken in Northeast Thailand by ethnic Isans. You say to-maaa-to: As... ๑๑มกกะลาคม [moggarakom] x๒๐๒๖ ▭ |
|
In Latgalian (LTG) it’s 394. Indo-European, Baltic, 150,000 speakers primarily in Latgale in eastern Latvia. Akin to Lithuanian, Samogitian (qq.v.), and... 11 x2026
|
|
In Laz (Lazuri) (LZZ) it’s 395. Kartvelian family, spoken in five major dialects by approx. 22,000 on the southeast shore of the... ია xცკვ ▭
|
|
In Lenape (Delaware) (DEL) it’s 396. Algonquian, native to the lower Delaware and Hudson Rivers and northern New Jersey in the US... 11 x2026
|
|
In Leonese (AST) it’s 397. Endangered Romance language, considered by many a dialect of an Asturian-Leonese continuüm, undergoing revival in Northwest... 11xineiru x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lepcha (LEP) it’s 398. Sino-Tibetan, Himalayish, non-tonal, unique Brahmic syllabary script, called rong, dating from the 1600s. India's Sikkim and... ᱁᱁ᰀᰪᰲᰍᰧᰳ ᰜᰟᰨ [kurnit lavo] x᱂᱀᱂᱆ ▭ |
|
In Lezgian (LEZ) it’s 399. Northeast Caucasian, uses 54 consonant sounds, numerals 20 to 99 are expressed vigesimally (by 20s). Official... 11гьер / ھاهر [her] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lezgian [Premodern] (LEZ) it’s 400. Conjectured Lezgian terminology of old. Back then or just as much even now, Lezgians may greet... 11суьл [sul] x2026 |
|
In Lhao Vo (Lhaovo or Langsu or Maru) (MHX) it’s 401. Sino-Tibetan, Loloish, 100,000 speakers. Heard in Luxi City, Lianghe and Longchuan Counties in China, and eastern... 11lɔ̱55 tă31 khjɛʔ55 x2026 |
|
In Ligurian [Genoese] (LIJ) it’s 402. Indo-European, Romance, northern Italy, endangered. Its written standards are administered by the Genoese Académia Ligùstica do... 11zenná x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ligurian [Monégasque] (LIJ) it’s 403. Ligurian dialect spoken by 8500 in Monaco including its royal family. Employs the non-Italian ü (as... 11zena x2026 ▭ |
|
In Limburgish (LIM) it’s 404. Germanic, East Low Franconian, Limburg (in both The Netherlands and Belgium) & Rhineland areas. Unlike many... 11jannewarie x2026 ▭ |
|
In Limbu (LIF) it’s 405. Sino-Tibetan, akin to Lepcha (q.v.) and Tibetan, with 380,000 native speakers of four dialects in Sikkim... ᥇᥇
|
|
In Lingala (LIN) it’s 406. Niger-Congo, Bantu, tonal. Spoken by 15 million in both Congos. Lingala signifies noun classes with prefixes... 11sánzá ya libosó x2026 |
|
In Lingarak (Neverver) (LGK) it’s 407. Malayo-Polynesian, Malekula subgroup, spoken by 500 central Malekula Island natives in Vanuatu. Clearly a yam-centered frame... 11 x2026
|
|
In Lisu [Northern] (LIS) it’s 408. Sino-Tibetan, Loloish, related to similarly named Lahu (q.v.). There are 940,000 speakers for all dialects of... 11tithan x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lisu [Southern] (LIS) it’s 409. Another Lisu dialect, "Yellow Lo," spoken in southwestern Yunnan, Burma’s Shan State, and Thailand. Uses unusual... 11ꓔꓲꓽ ꓦ, / thì hǎ [ti21 ha35] x2026 |
|
In Lithuanian (LIT) it’s 410. Indo-European, Baltic, 3 million speakers. Unusually, its alphabet places Y after Į. Earliest writings date from... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Livonian (LIV) it’s 411. Uralic, akin to Finnish and Estonian (qq.v.). Its last native speaker was Grizelda Kristina (1910–2013); but... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Lombard [Eastern] (LMO) it’s 412. Romance, spoken in northern Italy around Bergamo, Brescia, Mantua, Crema, and Trentino. Lombard and its dialects... 11genar x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lombard [Eastern Bergamasque] (LMO) it’s 413. A subdivision of Eastern Lombard spoken by 700,000. One non-Italian feature of Lombard is its vowel... 11jenér x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lombard [Western] (Insubric) (LMO) it’s 414. The Lombard spoken in southern Switzerland and northern Italy around Milan. A slang version of Insubric... 11genee x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lorrain [Vosgien La Bresse] (???) it’s 415. Romance, Langue d’oïl, Lorraine subgroup. Lorraine's dialects are spoken in France in Vosges, Saint Quirin, eastern... 11djanvié x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lorrain [Vosgien Ville sur Illon] (???) it’s 416. Another Vosgien variety, one specifically heard in Ville-sur-Illon, a commune in the Vosges department in Grand... 11janvî x2026 |
|
In Lotha (NJH) it’s 417. A Sino-Tibetan, Central Naga language spoken by 180,000 in Nagaland’s Wokha region in eastern India. Like... 11ejon x2026 |
|
In Louisiana Creole (LOU) it’s 418. French-derived, African plus Native American elements. Unlike French, verbs don’t conjugate. Not to be confused with... 11janviyé x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lower Tanana (Minto) (TAA) it’s 419. Endangered Athabaskan language with a dozen or so speakers. Exclusive to Minto, Alaska, that takes its... 11 x2026
|
|
In Loxrlavu [Yao’an] (Lolopo) (YCL) it’s 420. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi. Spoken by 570,000 Loxrlapor in China's Chuxiong Prefecture and Xiangyun County, Midian... 11𖼒𖽪𖼧𖼖𖼺𖽡𖼧𖼖𖼧𖽨 / gu55xlsi55xlxiu33 x2026 |
|
In Lozi (LOZ) it’s 421. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, spoken in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. It arose as a... 11Sope x2026 |
|
In Luba-Kasai (Ciluba or Western Luba) (LUA) it’s 422. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, spoken by 6.3 million in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of... 11ngondo wa ku mpala x2026 |
|
In Luba-Katanga (LUB) it’s 423. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, spoken by 1.5 million in The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s the Katanga... 11Ciongo x2026 |
|
In Ludic (LUD) it’s 424. Uralic, Finnic, critically endangered, heard around the northeastern shore of Lake Onega, Republic of Karelia, Russia... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Luganda (Ganda) (LUG) it’s 425. Niger-Congo, Northeast Bantu, 4 million speakers mostly in the Baganda area of Uganda, tonal (high, low... 11gatonya x2026 ▭ |
|
In Lugbara (LGG) it’s 426. Nilo-Saharan family, Uganda’s west Nile region and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. First written in... 11Oco ‘dupa sere x2026 |
|
In Luo [Acholi] (ACH) it’s 427. Nilo-Saharan family, Luo, Southern, spoken by 2.1 million in Uganda and South Sudan. The Luo dialects... 11Dwe me acel x2026 ▭ |
|
In Luo [Dholuo] (LUO) it’s 428. Southern Luo dialect with 4.2 million speakers in Kenya and Tanzania. Sinistrodextral (left-to-right-reading) Luo Lakeside script... 11
|
|
In Luo [Lango] (LAJ) it’s 429. Southern Luo dialect with 2.6 million speakers, Uganda. All Lango numerals under 20 begin with A;... 11Kʉfúngatɨ x2026 |
|
In Luo [Shilluk-Cøllø] (SHK) it’s 430. Northern Luo dialect spoken by 175,000 Shilluk people in Sudan and South Sudan. Three tones (low... 11 x2026
|
|
In Luxembourgish [Traditional] (LTZ) it’s 431. Indo-European, Germanic, significant French influences — its term for "Goodbye" is Äddi — 390,000 speakers. "Moselle... 11 x2026 ▭
|
/ 
/ Dumacel|
In Maa [Maasai] (MAS) it’s 432. Nilo-Saharan family (possibly), spoken in Kenya & Tanzania by 1.3 million. Highly tonal and features implosive... 11oladalú x2026 ▭ |
|
In Maa [Samburu] (SAQ) it’s 433. Maa dialect of the northern Kenya highlands, 240,000 speakers. Maasai and Samburu are primarily oral and... 11Lapa le obo x2026 |
|
In Macedonian {Hellenic} (XMK) it’s 434. Indo-European, Hellenic, unrelated to Slavic Macedonian in the next entry. This was the language of Alexander... ΙΑΠΕΡΙΤΙΟΣ [peritios] x‘ΒΚϜ |
|
In Macedonian {Slavic}[Archaic/Folk] (MKD) it’s 435. Indo-European, South Slavic, unrelated to Hellenic Macedonian above, 1.4–3.5 million speakers in the The Republic of... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Mada [Rija] (MDA) it’s 436. Niger-Congo, Plateau, Ninzic, spoken by over 100,000 (all dialects) in Nigeria's Plateau and Kaduna States. Tonal... 11hwə yə̄ gyə̌r x2026 |
|
In Maguindanao [Pre-Spanish Conquest] (MDH) it’s 437. Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 1.1 million descendants of the Sultanate of Maguindanao on Southwest Mindanao in... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Makalero (MJB) it’s 438. From the Trans-New Guinea family, spoken by 8000 in East Timor’s extreme eastern tip. Makalero speakers... 11 x2026
|
|
In Makassarese [Traditional, before 1605] (MAK) it’s 439. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, 2.1 million speakers in Indonesia’s South Sulawesi province. The antimacassar doily that protects chairs... 11
|
|
In Makhuwa-Meetto (MGH) it’s 440. Niger-Congo, Bantu, spoken by 6.6 million Makua in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Few vowels but a... 11Mweri wo kwanza x2026 |
|
In Makonde (Kimakonde) (KDE) it’s 441. Niger-Congo, Bantu, Ruvuma, 1.4 million speakers in Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania. Kenga sombo sako ni nyundo... 11Mwedi Ntandi x2026 |
|
In Malagasy [Standard] (MLG) it’s 442. In all dialects inclusive, spoken by 25 million in Madagascar but — surprise! — it's Malayo-Polynesian... 11Janoary x2026 ▭ |
|
In Malagasy [Antankaraña] (XMV) it’s 443. Dialect spoken by 156,000 ethnic Antankaraña in the north. Malagasy's demonstrative pronouns specify seven distance qualities... 11 x2026
|
|
In Malagasy [Sakalava] (SKG) it’s 444. Dialect spoken by 1.2 million ethnic Sakalava in northern Madagascar. Malagasy has its own endemic script... ١١Atsia / اَتِيْا x٢٠٢٦ |
|
In Malagasy [Tandroy-Mahafaly] (TDX) it’s 445. Dialect spoken by 1.3 million ethnic Tandroy and Mahafaly in southwestern Madagascar. These southern dialects diverge... 11Zanvie x2026 ▭ |
|
In Malecite-Passamaquoddy (PQM) it’s 446. Algonquian family, Eastern, endangered, spoken by several hundred in New Brunswick and Maine. It has twelve... 11 x2026
|
|
In Maltese (MLT) it’s 447. Afroasiatic family, descends from an extinct variety of Arabic that developed on Sicily, spoken on Malta... 11Jannar x2026 ▭ |
|
In Manchu (MNC) it’s 448. Southern Tungusic, Manchu group. Spoken natively by fewer than 20 people in Northeast China, but also... 11
|
|
In Mandinka (Mandingo) [Traditional] (MNK) it’s 449. Niger-Congo family, Mande branch. Bitonal. Mandinka officially uses the Roman alphabet, but its 17-character Arabic-derived script... 11مُسُكُتُ / musukoto x2026 |
|
In Mang (ZNG) it’s 450. Austroasiatic family, 3200 speakers in Lai Châu Province, Vietnam, and neighboring areas in China. The outside... 11meː6 θuam6 x2026 |
|
In Mangarevan (MRV) it’s 451. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken by 600 in French Polynesia's Mangareva and Gambier Islands. Though many speakers are bilingual... 11igaia x2026 |
|
In Mangbai (ZNG) it’s 452. Niger-Congo, Mbum, Tupuri–Mambai, 14,000 speakers in Cameroon (Bénoué) and Chad (Lac-Léré). First studied academically in 1971... 11 x2026
|
|
In Mankanya (Uhula) (KNF) it’s 453. Niger-Congo family, Bak branch, spoken natively by 75,000 in Guinea-Bissau, The Gambia, and in and around... 11Pli pŧeek pi kanuur x2026 |
|
In Mansi (MNS) it’s 454. Uralic, related to Hungarian and Khanty (qq.v.), 3000 speakers in central Siberia. Mansi tradition considers bears... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Manx (GLV) it’s 455. Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic, Isle of Man, natively extinct since 1974. Like all Celtic languages, its nouns... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Maori [New Zealand] (MRI) it’s 456. Malayo-Polynesian, closely related to Tahitian. Personal pronouns come in singular, dual, and plural. Long vowels are... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Maori [Cook Islands] (Rarotongan) (MRI) it’s 457. This is the Māori dialect official in the Cook Islands with approx. 14,000 speakers there and... 11Tiānuare x2026 ▭ |
|
In Maori [Moriori] (MRI) it’s 458. Māori dialect of the Chatham Islands, east of New Zealand's South Island. In 1835, two waves... 11Poapoarangi x2026 ▭ |
|
In Mapudungun (Mapuche) (ARN) it’s 459. Language isolate native to Chile (Araucanía) and Argentina, 260,000 speakers. Mapuches as a whole make up... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Mari [Meadow or Eastern] (Cheremis) (MHR) it’s 460. Uralic language spoken in Russia’s Mari Republic by 470,000. Nine noun cases. The other chief dialect... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Marshallese (MAH) it’s 461. Malayo-Polynesian, two chief dialects, spoken by 44,000 on the Marshall Islands. It sports an unusually complex... 11Jānwōde x2026 |
|
In Masurian [Premodern] (???) it’s 462. Indo-European, West Slavic, between 5,000 and 15,000 speakers in northeastern Poland and Germany. As Masurian is... 11 x2026
|
|
In Matlatzinca (MAT) it’s 463. From the Oto-Manguean family, spoken by 650 in and around San Francisco Oxtotilpa, Mexico. Matlatzinca is... 11ranbë x2026 ▭ |
|
In Mavea (MLV) it’s 464. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, spoken by perhaps two dozen on Vanuatu's Mafea Island. It’s moribund, rapidly yielding... 11 x2026
|
|
In Maxakalí (MBL) it’s 465. Macro-Gê family, spoken by a few hundred in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Maxakalí coins terms by combining... 11yanêm x2026 |
|
In Mazanderani (Tabäri) (MZN) it’s 466. Indo-European, Western Iranic, spoken by 3 million in Iran’s southern Caspian coast provinces. Of its renowned... ۱۱ژانویه [žazuyah] x۲۰۲۶ ▭ |
|
In Mbelimè (MBL) it’s 467. Niger-Congo, Gur, Oti-Volta, 40,000 native speakers in the communes of Cobly and Boukoumbé in the department... 11diyoòkùùdè x2026 |
|
In Mbuko (MHW) it’s 468. Afroasiatic, Chadic, with 13,000 speakers in northern Cameroon. Its unusually rich sound inventory includes implosives (see... 11kiya cew x2026 |
|
In Mbukushu (MHW) it’s 469. Niger-Congo family, a Bantu language that unlike most uses clicks, spoken by 50,000 Hambukushu along Namibia's... 11mwenge x2026 ▭ |
|
In Mbula (MNA) it’s 470. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken by 4500 in Morobe, Papua New Guinea. Many bilingual in Tok Pisin (q.v.) and/or... 11 x2026
|
|
In Meänkieli (FIT) it’s 471. Endangered Finnish dialect group spoken by 30,000–70,000 in Sweden's Norrbotten province. Bengt Pohjanen is a noted... 11janyaari x2026 ▭ |
|
In Meitei (Manipuri) (MNI) it’s 472. Sino-Tibetan. Spoken in India, Bangladesh, Burma and not to be confused with Bishnupriya Manipuri (q.v.) which... ꯱꯱
|
|
In Mele (Atara Imere) (MXE) it’s 473. Malayo-Polynesian, one of two interintelligible languages (the other is Fila) spoken natively by 3500 on Vanuatu's... 11Janiwari x2026 |
|
In Menominee (MEZ) it’s 474. Algonquian family, spoken natively by fewer than two dozen in northern Wisconsin but enthusiastically supported and... 11 x2026
|
|
In Meriam Mir (Eastern Torres Strait) (ULK) it’s 475. Trans-Fly family, spoken by around 200 on six islands in the treacherous Torres Strait between Australia... 11Zanwari x2026 ▭ |
|
In Meta' (MGO) it’s 476. This difficult-to-Google Niger-Congo, Bantu language is spoken by 190,000 in Cameroon. There is radio programming in... 11iməg mbegtug x2026 |
|
In Miami-Illinois (Myaamia) (MIA) it’s 477. Algonquian, originally midwestern US. Extinct but under revival, largely through the efforts of construction worker-cum-linguist Daryl... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Michif (CRG) it’s 478. A French-Cree hybrid, fewer than 1000 speakers. North Dakota, Saskatchewan, Manitoba. It borrows its Gregorian calendar... 11zháñvyé x2026 |
|
In Micmac (Mi’kmaq ) (MIC) it’s 479. Eastern Algonquian family, approx. 7000 speakers in extreme eastern Canada and northern New England. At one... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Miju Mishmi (Kaman) (MXJ) it’s 480. Either Sino-Tibetan (?) or an isolate (?), spoken by 18,000 in India's Arunachal Pradesh and Zayü... 11Lāŋgòŋ x2026 |
|
In Min Dong [Fuzhounese] (CDO) it’s 481. Sino-Tibetan, unintelligible with Mandarin or Cantonese, southern China, 9. 5 million speakers. This is Min Dong’s standard...
|
|
In Mingrelian (XMF) it’s 482. An endangered Kartvelian language akin to Georgian and Laz (qq.v.), with some mutual intelligibility with the... იაღურთუთა [ɣurtuta] xცკვ ▭ |
|
In Mirandese (MWL) it’s 483. Romance language, over 1000 years removed from Portuguese, spoken by around 5000 in Portugal's municipalities of... 11janeiro x2026 ▭ |
|
In Miskito (MIQ) it’s 484. From the small Misumalpan family, spoken by approx. 150,000 in Honduras and Nicaragua. English loans are... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Mixe [Isthmus or Coatlán] (MCO) it’s 485. Mixe–Zoquean family, Mixean, Lowland, 45,000 speakers in northeastern Oaxaca, Mexico. Their language is agglutinative — i.e., words... 11äämbë eneerë x2026 |
|
In Mixtec [Magdalena Peñasco] (Tlacotepec Mixtec) (XTM) it’s 486. Oto-Manguean family, Mixtecan branch, Mixtec subgroup. Magdalena Peñasco, “Language of the Rain People,” spoken by 7400... 11yoo eneru x2026 |
|
In Mixtec [Tututepec] (MTU) it’s 487. A Mixtec language spoken by 1200 in Santa María Acatepec, Santa Cruz Tututepec, and San Pedro... 11yòò xàá x2026 |
|
In Miyakoan (MVI) it’s 488. Japonic, Southern Ryukyuan, with an estimated 10,000 speakers, mostly over 60, on the Miyako Islands of...
▭
|
|
In Mizo (Lushai) (LUS) it’s 489. Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma, Bangladesh, and India. Akin to Biete (q.v.). A ṭha lam kawng... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Moba [Ben] (MFQ) it’s 490. Niger-Congo family, Gur, Oti-Volta, Gurma, spoken by 300,000 in northwestern Togo, concentrated in the city of... 11fawaaɔg x2026 |
|
In Moba [Bimoba or Moar] (BIM) it’s 491. This is the rarer Moba dialect spoken by 32,000 in Ghana and Burkina Faso. Not to... 11ŋmaayemir x2026 |
|
In Mocheno (MHN) it’s 492. West Germanic, Bavarian, akin to Cimbrian (q.v.), spoken by 1900 in Italy's Bersntol region and regulated... 11genner x2026 ▭ |
|
In Mochica (Chimú) (OMC) it’s 493. Mochica was native to the Peruvian coast and has been assigned to the hypothetical Chimuan family... 11 x2026
|
|
In Mohawk (MOH) it’s 494. Iroquoian family, 3500 speakers in Ontario, Quebec, and northern New York State. Like all Iroquoian languages... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Mokilese (MKJ) it’s 495. Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Chuukic-Pohnpeic, 500 speakers on Mokil atoll in the Federated States of Micronesia. This language... 11januari x2026 |
|
In Moksha (MDF) it’s 496. A Uralic, Mordvinic language spoken along the central Volga and related to Erzya (q.v.). There are... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Mong Njua [Green Miao] (HNJ) it’s 497. Unlike Hmong Daw (q.v.), this dialect lacks the unvoiced m; thus it's spelled “Mong” without the... 11lú ʔí.hli x2026 |
|
In Mongolian (MON) it’s 498. Central Mongolic, 5.2 million speakers. Observes vowel harmony and lacks the standard l sound. Its Ancient... ᠑᠑𑨝𑨍𑩇𑨛𑨂𑨍𑨀𑨫𑨳 𑨰𑨫𑨳 / нэгдүгээр сар [nägdügäär sar] x᠒᠐᠒᠖ ▭ |
|
In Monguor (Tu) (MJG) it’s 499. Mongolic family, Shirongolic branch, 150,000 speakers in China's Qinghai and Gansu provinces. Two chief dialects are... 11xni sara x2026 |
|
In Montagnais Innu (MOE) it’s 500. Algonquian language related to Cree (q.v.), spoken by 11,000 in Labrador and Quebec. Contrastive vowel length... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Moro (MOR) it’s 501. Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, spoken in Sudan's Nuba Mountains. Though there were 30,000 speakers in six clans reported... 11 x2026
|
|
In Mossi (Mòoré) (MOS) it’s 502. A Niger-Congo language, akin to Frafra (q.v.), spoken natively by 7.8 million in Burkina Faso, Mali... 11yũun-vekre x2026 |
|
In Moxo [Trinitario] (TRN) it’s 503. Arawakan family, Southern, native to Northeast Bolivia. The Endangered Languages Project reports 3140 speakers. Jaguars... 11enero x2026 |
|
In Mozarabic (Andalusi Romance) (MXI) it’s 504. A cluster of non-standardized Romance languages spoken in the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula... XIيننير / ינניר / yannáyr xMMXXVI ▭ |
|
In Mundang (MUA) it’s 505. A Niger-Congo language spoken by 250,000 in southern Chad. Its writing system adds Ɓ, Ɗ, Ə... 11 x2026
|
|
In Mussau-Emira (EMI) it’s 506. Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Saint Matthias, with 5000 speakers based primarily on Papua New Guinea's islands of Mussau... 11aitiutiu ateva ulana x2026 |
|
In Muyang (MUY) it’s 507. Afroasiatic, Chadic, Central, South, spoken by 30,000 in Cameroon's Far North Province, arrondisse-ment of Tokombéré. Tonal... 11 x2026
|
|
In Muya (MVM) it’s 508. Sino-Tibetan family, Northern Qiangic; two chief dialects not mutually intelligible. There are 10,000 speakers, of which... 11dε33wε55tɑ̃35bu55 x2026 ▭ |
|
In Mwotlap [Folk/Traditional] (MIV) it’s 509. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, spoken natively by 2100 on Vanuatu’s Mota Lava, Ra, and Banks Islands. Uses... 11nē-wētgoy x2026 ▭ |
|
In Myene (Omyene) (MYE) it’s 510. Niger-Congo, Bantu, with 45,000 speakers of the Mpongwe, Nkomi, Galwa, and Bongo Pygmy groups in Gabon. 11fogwɛnonga x2026 |
/ bulang Naagai
/ 
/ ciăng nguŏk|
In Nāhuatl (NAH) it’s 511. Uto-Aztecan, from the original language group of the Aztecs, presently 1.7 million speakers. Of its many... 11tlacēnti x2026 ▭ |
|
In Na [Yongning] (NRU) it’s 512. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, Naish, spoken in Yongning township, Lijiang municipality in China's Yunnan Province. Akin to Nakhi... 11ddeelhimi x2026 |
|
In Nafsan (South Efate) (ERK) it’s 513. Malayo-Polynesian, native to Efate Island of Northeast Vanuatu with 6000 speakers. The language counts in base-5... 11atlag pei x2026 |
|
In Nakhi (Naxi) (NXQ) it’s 514. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, spoken by 350,000 in a part of Yunan’s Himalayan foothills where the... 11yeqbeiq x2026 ▭ |
|
In Nanai (Gold) (GLD) it’s 515. Tungusic family, spoken by some 1400 descendants of Manchurian Jurchen in the Amur River basin area... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Nandi (Kalenjin) (KLN) it’s 516. Nilo-Saharan family, Nilotic, Kalenjin group, tonal with contrastive vowel length, spoken in East Africa's Rift Valley... 11 x2026
|
|
In Naandi [Cemual] (NIQ) it’s 517. A Nandi subdivision (spelled with double-A) spoken by 950,000 in Kenya's Rift Valley. Since the Nandi... 11 x2026
|
|
In Naskapi (NSK) it’s 518. Algonquian family, Central Cree, spoken by 1230 in two bands in Quebec and Labrador. Uses the... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Navajo (Diné bizaad) (NAV) it’s 519. Athabaskan, Southwest US, 170,000 native speakers. Tones, nasals, and ejectives make for a classic Navajo tongue... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Navava (Avava or Katbol) (TMB) it’s 520. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, 700 speakers in 4 villages on Vanuatu’s Malakula Island. Cash crop is copra... 11Rada x2026 |
|
In Nawdm (NMZ) it’s 521. Niger-Congo, Gur, Northern, 150,000 speakers in Togo plus more in Ghana. Nawdm's alphabet includes six digraphs:... 11hò̧ò̧m waa x2026 |
|
In Ndebele [Northern] (Zimbabwean Ndebele) (NDE) it’s 522. Niger-Congo, Southern Bantu, Nguni, 2.5 million speakers. Native to Zimbabwe and part of Botswana, spoken by... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Ndebele [Southern] (Transvaal Ndebele) (NBL) it’s 523. Niger-Congo, Southern Bantu, Nguni, 1.2 million speakers in South Africa's provinces of Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Gauteng, and... 11uTjhirhweni x2026 |
|
In Ndyuka (Aukan) (DJK) it’s 524. English-based creole spoken by 25,000 to 30,000 rainforest dwellers known as the Maroon in Surinam and... 11
|
|
In Neapolitan (NAP) it’s 525. Romance language named not after the city but the Kingdom of Naples, spoken in central Italy... 11gg’nnāih x2026 |
|
In Neapolitan [Tarantine] (NAP) it’s 526. Dialect of Neapolitan with Ancient Messapic roots, spoken by 300,000 in and around the city of... 11scennàre x2026 |
|
In Nenets [Tundra] 1 (YRK) it’s 527. Uralic family, Samoyedic, spoken by 22,000 in a swath starting from Russia’s Kola Peninsula, eastward along... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Nenets [Tundra] 2 (YRK) it’s 528. As standardization among Nenets’s calendar terms is pretty forgiving, here’s a set from a different source... 11 x2026
|
|
In Nez Perce (NEZ) it’s 529. Plateau Penutian family, Idaho, fewer than 200 speakers, revival underway. Observes vowel harmony, acute accents show... 11 x2026
|
|
In Nganasan (NIO) it’s 530. Uralic family, Samoyedic, with much vocabulary from a mysterious substrate. Extreme north-central Russia, seriously endangered with... 11sätyagata x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ngiemboon (NNH) it’s 531. Niger-Congo family, Southern Bantoid, Grassfields. Spoken in Province de l’Ouest and Bamboutos in Cameroon by 250,000... 11 x2026
|
|
In Ngomba (JGO) it’s 532. Another Grassfields language like Ngiemboon above. Spoken in Province de l'Ouest and Bamboutos in Cameroon by... 11nduŋmbi saŋ x2026 |
|
In Ngwo (Engwo) (NGN) it’s 533. Niger-Congo, Southern Bantoid, 22,000 speakers in the Northwest Region of Cameroon -- Momo Division, Njikwa Subdivision... 11Jánù x2026 |
|
In Nheengatu (YRL) it’s 534. Tupi-Guaraní family, spoken by 19,000 in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela and named from the phrase nhe'eng... 11îasypy x2026 ▭ |
|
In Nisga’a (NCG) it’s 535. Tsimshianic family, seriously endangered, British Columbia, Canada, 2818 speakers reported in 2014. A close kin to... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Niuean (NIU) it’s 536. Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 2000 in the South Pacific island nation of Niue and another 5700... 11Ianuali x2026 |
|
In Nivkh (Gilyak) (NIV) it’s 537. Language isolate spoken on western Sakhalin Island and adjacent mainland by around 1000. Nivkh is genderless... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Nkore (Runyankore) (CGG) it’s 538. Niger-Congo, Bantu. Spoken by 2.3 million in southwestern Uganda. So close to Kiga /Rukiga (q.v.) that many... 11 x2026
|
|
In Nogai (Alabugat Tatar) (NOG) it’s 539. Turkic, spoken by 87,000 in southwestern Russia's Tuva region by Golden Horde descendants. Nogai Khan (died... 11канътар ай [kañtar ay] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Noni (Noone) (NHU) it’s 540. Niger-Congo, Southern Bantoid, Eastern Beboid, 50,000 speakers in Cameroon. Noni is said to have been heard... 11kpwee Bvuwe x2026 |
|
In Norman [Continental] (NRF) it’s 541. Romance, Langue d’oïl, Norse loans, 100,000 speakers in Normandy. The Channel Island languages Guernésiais, Jèrriais, and... 11jaunvyi x2026 ▭ |
|
In Norman [Guernésiais/Dgèrnésiais] (NRF) it’s 542. Norman dialect spoken by approx. 200 on the Channel Island of Guernsey. Victor Hugo contemporary George... 11janvier x2026 |
|
In Norman [Jèrriais] (NRF) it’s 543. Norman dialect spoken natively by 2000 on the Channel Island of Jersey. Actress, socialite, eventual California... 11jaunvyi x2026 ▭ |
|
In Norman [Sercquiais] (Sarkese) (NRF) it’s 544. The Norman dialect spoken by about 20 on the Channel Island of Sark, descended from 16th... 11djãvi x2026 |
|
In Nuer (NUS) it’s 545. Nilo-Saharan. South Sudan and Ethiopia, 900,000 speakers. Breathy, shown with underscores, vs. non-breathy vowels. Related to... 11Tiop thar pɛt x2026 |
|
In Nukuoro (NKR) it’s 546. Malayo-Polynesian, approx. 860 speakers on Nukuoro Atoll and Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia. Five vowels... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Nusu (Nu) [Northern] (Wawa-Kongtong dialect) (NUF) it’s 547. Sino-Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese, preliterate, 2000 speakers in China's Fugong, Wawa, Kongtong, and Youduoluo Counties. Not to be... 11thi55 ɬa55 x2026 |
|
In Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) [Hesquiaht, Muwač’atḥ] (NUK) it’s 548. Of the Southern Wakashan family, Nuuchahnulth as a whole is spoken natively by 130 on Vancouver... 11c̓um̓ aasumł or m̓aamiqsu x2026 ▭ |
|
In Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) [Ahousaht, ʕaaḥusʔatḥ] (NUK) it’s 549. The Nuuchahnulth dialect of the Ahousaht First Nation on Western Vancouver Island. As are all Wakashan... 11yaqwaḥuʔas x2026 |
|
In Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) [Tseshaht, C’išaaʔatḥ] (NUK) it’s 550. The Tseshaht First Nation is native to the Broken Group Islands of Barkley Sound, Western Vancouver... 11m’aamiiqsu x2026 |
|
In Nyole (Lunyole) [Ugandan] (NUJ) it’s 551. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, 340,000 speakers in the Tororo District of Uganda. It shares approx. 60% of... 11Luŋiira x2026 |
|
In Nzime (Koonzime) (PAC) it’s 552. Niger-Congo, Bantu Zone A, spoken by 40,000 Dweʼe and Nzime people in Cameroon. Two dialects, Koonzime... 11dwehe x2026 |
/ fosi mun|
In Occitan [Aranese] (OCI) it’s 553. Indo-European, Romance, Langue d’òc. Compared to French, Occitan has changed little over the centuries. It’s official... 11gèr x2026 ▭ |
|
In Occitan [Gascon] (OCI) it’s 554. Indo-European, Romance, Langue d’òc, Gascony in southern France. Cited by some linguists as a separate language... 11genèr x2026 ▭ |
|
In Occitan [Provençal] (OCI) it’s 555. The Occitan, which includes Niçard, spoken in Provence in southern France by 350,000. At one time... 11janvié x2026 ▭ |
|
In Occitan [Vivaro-Alpine] (OCI) it’s 556. Seriously endangered Occitan dialect spoken by 200,000, primarily in Dauphiné in southeastern France and the Occitan... 11genier x2026 |
|
In Oirat [Kalmyk] (XAL) it’s 557. Mongolic, spoken by 80,500 in the Republic of Kalmykia, at the northwestern extreme of the Caspian... 11туула сар [tuula sar] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Ojibwe (Chippewa) [Eastern] (OJG) it’s 558. Algonquian family, akin to Algonquin (q.v.), 100,000 speakers for all dialects inclusive in north-central US and... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Ojibwe (Chippewa) [Western] (OJW) it’s 559. The other major dialect of Ojibwe. As you might notice, vowels can be long or short... 11 x2026
|
|
In Oneida (ONE) it’s 560. Iroquoian family, approx. 250 native speakers in Ontario, New York State, and Green Bay, Wisconsin. The... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Onondaga (ONO) it’s 561. Iroquoian family, approx. 50 speakers in Ontario and New York State. Like Palawano (q.v.) and other... 11dziotaragona x2026 |
|
In Oodham (Papago-Pima) (OOD) it’s 562. From the Uto-Aztecan family, spoken by some 10,000 in South-Central Arizona and northern Sonora. No f... 11 x2026
|
|
In Oroch (OAC) it’s 563. Northern Tungusic language, eight (as of 2010) native speakers in Khabarovsk Krai in eastern Siberia and... 11 x2026
|
|
In Oromo (ORM) it’s 564. Afroasiatic, Cushitic. Central Ethiopia, Horn of Africa. Non-Roman scripts were once banned; Qubee, Oromo's modern Roman... 11 x2026
|
|
In Os (Chulym) (CLW) it’s 565. Western Turkic, moribund but still spoken by a few dozen in the Chulym River area north... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Os (Chulym) [Küärik] (CLW) it’s 566. A Lower Chulym dialect that went extinct before the 20th century. It was spoken along the... 11 x2026
|
|
In Osage (OSA) it’s 567. This Oklahoma-based Siouan language went natively extinct in 2005 with the death of its last speaker... 11
|
|
In Ossetian [Digor] (OSS) it’s 568. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic, spoken in a semi-autonomous region divided into North — Alania (in Russia) and South (in Georgia)... 11 x2026
|
|
In Ossetian [Iron] (OSS) it’s 569. Pronounced ee-ron, this is the more popular Ossetian dialect, with slightly under half a million speakers... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Otomi [Northwestern, Mezquital] (OTE) it’s 570. Oto-Manguean family, Oto-Pamean group, spoken by 100,000 in the Mezquital Valley of Hidalgo, Mexico, endangered. Three... 11m’u̱i x2026 ▭ |
/ Manidoo Giizis
/ Gichi Manidoo Giizis
/ mį́įǫpa hpąhą́le|
In Pacoh (PAC) it’s 571. Austroasiatic, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, 32,000 speakers in Laos and Vietnam. Six vowels which can be long... 11kixay mŏi x2026 |
|
In Pahlavi (Middle Persian) (PAH) it’s 572. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic. This is the Zoroastrian/Mithraist-based calendar used in Cappadocia under the Sasanian Empire (224–651 CE)...   x   ▭
|
|
In Paicî (PRI) it’s 573. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, 7300 speakers on New Caledonia's east coast and inland valleys. Paicî has 5... 11pwa bwëti jè x2026 |
|
In Palauan [Premodern] (PAU) it’s 574. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, approx. 15,000 speakers. Palau, Guam, Mariana Islands. Palauans divided their year into two: Ongos... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Palawano [Brooke’s Point] (PLW) it’s 575. Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine. Of three dialects, this one is spoken by 25,000 on Palawan Island... 11pengnenernaban x2026 |
|
In Palmyrene (???) it’s 576. Afroasiatic, Semitic, Aramaic. Under the legendary Queen Zenobia, the Palmyrene Empire briefly held Rome’s eastern provinces...   x   
|
|
In Palor (Sili-Sili) (FAP) it’s 577. Niger-Congo family, Cangin, 11,000 ethnic Seereer speakers in the Thiès area of West Central Senegal. Some... 11saawiye x2026 |
|
In Pame (Xi’iui) (PBS) it’s 578. From the Oto-Manguean family, tonal, spoken by 11,000 in central Mexico's State of San Luis Potosí... 11ngum’au viñjiu niñgyije’ x2026 |
|
In Pashto [Northern/Eastern] (PUS) it’s 579. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic, spoken by the Pashtuns of Northeast Pakistan. Of all Pashto dialects inclusive, there are... ۱۱ x۲۰۲۶ ▭
|
|
In Pashto [Southern/Western] (PUS) it’s 580. Pashto dialect spoken in western Afghanistan and Iran. Unlike other Iranics, Pashto includes retroflex (curled-tongued) consonants:... ۱۱هسن هوسۍن / hasan huseyn x۲۰۲۶ ▭ |
|
In Pawnee [South Band] (PAW) it’s 581. Caddoan family, north-central Oklahoma, natively extinct though with some non-fluent speakers. Along with Arikara, we hear... 11Kaáta x2026 |
|
In Pecheneg (XPC) it’s 582. A mysterious, poorly attested Turkic language with no known descendants, spoken on Crimea and beyond the...
|
|
In Pemon (Arekuna) (AOC) it’s 583. From the Cariban family, spoken by 30,000 in SE Venezuela, Brazil's Roraima State, and Guyana. It... 11 x2026
|
|
In Penan-Nibong (PEZ) it’s 584. Malayo-Polynesian, North Sarawakan, spoken by 13,000 nomadic Penan in Sarawak, Borneo. Two main dialects. "Nice to... 11laseh jah x2026 |
|
In Penrhyn (Tongarevan) (PNH) it’s 585. Critically endangered Polynesian language spoken by around 200 in the northern Cook Islands. Penrhyn atoll in... 11tianuare x2026 |
|
In Picard (Ch’ti or Patois) (PCD) it’s 586. Indo-European, Romance, Langue d’oïl, extreme northern France. As its 700,000 speakers are mostly elderly, UNESCO declares... 11jinvié x2026 ▭ |
|
In Picard [Medieval] (PCD) it’s 587. As inscribed on the 14th century Astrolabe of Berselius. Picard flourished as a literary medium during... 
|
|
In Piedmontese (PMS) it’s 588. Indo-European, Romance; 700,000 native speakers in northwestern Italy and diaspora communities in Argentina. Curiously, Piedmontese lacks... 11gené x2026 ▭ |
|
In Pingelapese (PIF) it’s 589. Malayo-Polynesian, 3000 speakers on Pingelap atoll in The Federated States of Micronesia. Pingelapese has different sets... 11epwelap x2026 |
|
In Pipil (Nawat) (PPL) it’s 590. Uto-Aztecan language under revival, El Salvador. There are now over 3000 speakers. Yek teutak! Ken tinemi?... 11metzi se x2026 |
|
In Piro [Yine] (PIB) it’s 591. Arawakan family, spoken by the 4000 ethnic Yine who live in the Peruvian Urubamba River Valley... 11genero ksuru x2026 |
|
In Pitcairn-Norfolk (PIH) it’s 592. An endangered Tahitian /English creole spoken on Pitcairn & Norfolk Islands. This one got its start in... 11jaenyuweri x2026 |
|
In Pnar (Jaintia or Synteng) (PBV) it’s 593. Austroasiatic language, 320,000 speakers, Meghalaya, Northeast India, plus Bangladesh adjacent. Shares much in common with Khasi... 11dujtara x2026 ▭ |
|
In Pohnpeian (PON) it’s 594. Malayo-Polynesian, Micronesian, 34,000 speakers on Pohnpei Island in the Caroline Islands. Offers 30 sets of 1-to-9... 11daliaram x2026 |
|
In Poitevin-Saintongeais (???) it’s 595. Indo-European, Romance, Langue d’oïl with Langue d’òc elements, spoken in Poitu /Vendée. Earliest known writings date from... 11jhanvràe x2026 |
|
In Poitkut (Pokot) (KLN) it’s 596. Nilo-Saharan family, Kalenjin. 264,000 speakers in Kenya’s West Pokot and Baringo counties and in Uganda's Karamoja... 11 x2026
|
|
In Polabian (POX) it’s 597. West Slavic with Germanic influences. Last native speaker, who claimed also to sing well in it... 11 x2026
|
|
In Pomeranian [Kashubian] (CSB) it’s 598. Indo-European, West Slavic, Lechtic. Some 100,000 speakers living in Germany, Poland, and within a community in... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Pomeranian [Slovincian] (CSB) it’s 599. The other major dialect of Pomeranian, extinct since World War I. One source cited its last speaker... 11janʉãr x2026 |
|
In Pontic (PNT) it’s 600. Indo-European, Hellenic, 200,000 speakers in northern Greece, Turkey, and diaspora communities. The Greatest Pontic king was... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Potawatomi (POT) it’s 601. Algonquian language native to the Great Lakes areas of Michigan, Wisconsin, Ontario, and Illinois. One... 11 x2026
|
|
In Proto-Germanic (???) it’s 602. Reconstructed ancestor (hence the asterisks) of all Germanic languages, last spoken ca. 250 BCE. The character... XI xMMXXVI ▭
|
|
In Proto-Slavic (???) it’s 603. Reconstructed ancestor of all Slavic languages, 5th to 8th centuries CE, unattested. Under Byzantine Emperor Michael... XI xMMXXVI ▭
|
|
In Pukapukan (PKP) it’s 604. Malayo-Polynesian language from Danger Island (Cook Islands group). Several hundred speakers, mostly ex-pat groups in Australia... 11Tiānuale x2026 |
|
In Puluwat (PUW) it’s 605. Malayo-Polynesian, Micronesian, Trukic, several hundred speakers on the coral atoll of Poluwat (formerly Puluwat), seven feet... 11 x2026
|
|
In Pumi [Qingua or Southern] (PMJ) it’s 606. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic. Spoken by 22,000 ethnic Pumi in Lanping and Ninglang counties is Yunnan. Pumi uses... 11ɣu13ʂi13ɬi55 x2026 |
|
In Pumi [Taoba or Northern] (PMI) it’s 607. Pumi’s other chief dialect, spoken by 55,000 in Sichuan’s Jiulong, Muli and Yanyuan counties, Yunan’s Ninglang... 11tǝ55li55mei35 x2026 |
|
In Purepecha (Tarascan) (TSZ) it’s 608. A language isolate of the descendants of the Purépecha civilization — which rivaled that of the... 11enerhu x2026 ▭ |
|
In Puroik (Sulung) (SUV) it’s 609. So far unclassified. Spoken by 20,000 in roughly seven dialects by the Puroik hill tribes people... ११রাজোন্গ্ আম্ব / रजोन्ग् आम्बो / rajong aambo x२०२६ |
/ 
/ ṭebet
/ birim
|
In Qeqchi’ (Kekchi) (KEK) it’s 610. Mayan family, half a million speakers in Guatemala and Belize. Q’eqchi’ uses ejectives and accents virtually... 11eneer x2026 ▭ |
|
In Qiang [Horpa/Ergong] (ERO) it’s 611. Sino-Tibetan family, Qiangic, Rgyalrongic, non-tonal, 50,000 Sichuan-area speakers. Linguists call Horpa a “living fossil.” Qiangic languages... 11
|
|
In Qiang [Northern, Central Heishui, Máwō] (CNG) it’s 612. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, non-tonal, 130,000 speakers in Eastern Tibet and China’s north-central Sichuan. Features “R-colored” vowels, i.e.... 11
|
|
In Qiang [Southern, Taoping] (QXS) it’s 613. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, but tonal (unlike Ergong and Máwō in previous entries), 80,000 speakers. As if 6... 11χpe55ʂı33 x2026 |
|
In Qiang [Southern, Western Lixian] (QXS) it’s 614. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, tonal, native to Li County, Sichuan. Four subdialects: Puxi, Xuecheng, Muka, and Jiuzi. Grammatical... 11
|
|
In Quechan (Yuma) (YUM) it’s 615. Yuman family, around 300 native speakers in southeastern California and western Arizona. Verbs carry most of... 11xaly'á 'ashént x2026 |
|
In Quechua [Standard] (QUE) it’s 616. Quechuan family, widely spoken by Inca Empire descendants. Natively it lacks the vowels E and O... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Quechua [Huallaga] (QUE) it’s 617. Quechua as spoken in the Huánuco Province in Peru. Quechua dialects in the main typically feature... 11enïru x2026 |
|
In Quechua [Northern/Ecuadorian] (QUE) it’s 618. Quechua dialect, called Kitchwa, spoken in Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. An Ecuadorian Quechua speaker may greet... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Quechua [Southern/Bolivian Cochabamba] (QUH) it’s 619. Of Southern Bolivian Quechua as a whole, there are 1.6 million speakers in Bolivia (where it's... 11 x2026
|
|
In Quechua [Southern/Cusco ] (QUZ) it’s 620. Modern terminology for the Quechua dialect spoken in the Peru's Cusco region. In Cusco, you might... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Quechua [Southern/Cusco Imperial] (QUZ) it’s 621. This is the traditional terminology of the Inca Empire, citing its monthly celebrations. Spellings and word... 11 x2026
|
|
In Quileute (Quillayute) (QUI) it’s 622. Chimkakuan family, extinct but undergoing revival at the Quileute Tribal School in La Push, Washington. Quirk:... 11kʷaʔwiyaʔaliḳtiyat x2026 |
/ to mbo
/ aʂ
/ aχl|
In Rade (RAD) it’s 623. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic, Highlands, akin to Cham (q.v.), spoken by 180,000 E-de people in southern Vietnam... 11mlan sa x2026 |
|
In Raga (LML) it’s 624. Malayo-Polynesian, 6500 speakers on Vanuatu’s Pentecost Island, home of those death-defying vine jumpers. Raga uses four...  x  
|
|
In Rangi (Langi) (LAG) it’s 625. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, with between 270,000 and 410,000 speakers in central Tanzania. Its nouns divide into... 11Kʉfúngatɨ x2026 |
|
In Rapa Nui (Pascuanese) (RAP) it’s 626. Eastern Polynesian, Easter Island, 2700 native speakers. Its endemic writing system, called Rongorongo, remains undeciphered. Month... 11 x2026
|
|
In Rawang (Krangku) (RAW) it’s 627. Sino-Tibetan family, Tibeto-Burman, Nungish, 63,000 speakers in India and northern Burma. Roman alphabet writing system developed... 11tiq shvlá x2026 ▭ |
|
In Reel (Atuot) (ATU) it’s 628. Presumably Nilo-Saharan, related to Nuer (q.v.) and Dinka, spoken by some 50,000 Atuot people living near... 11Kön x2026 |
|
In Rennell-Bellona (Rennellese) (MNV) it’s 629. Malayo-Polynesian, 4000 speakers, Solomon Islands’ Rennell and Bellona provinces. For most people who live there, it's... 11Lanuali x2026 |
|
In Rgyalrong [Northwestern, Sidaba] (JYA) it’s 630. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic. Sidaba, spoken in Sichuan's Xiaojin, Danba, and Baoxing Counties, is one of rGyalrong’s five... 11zla wa ta mbo x2026 |
|
In Rohingya (RHG) it’s 631. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic, Bengali-Assamese. Six noun cases. Heavily persecuted, the Rohingya are toughing it out in Burma... 𐴱𐴱
|
|
In Romani [Balkan Sofia Erli] (RMN) it’s 632. Romani is a group of Indo-European, Indic languages whose preliterate founders departed from northern India sometime... 11baro masek x2026 |
|
In Romani [Balkan Ursari] (RMN) it’s 633. A Balkan Romani spoken in Moldavia and Romania. An Ursari morning greeting is Lač ho d’es. 11januarija x2026 ▭ |
|
In Romani [Kale Finnish] (RMF) it’s 634. Indic language by way of Scotland, England, and Scandinavia, spoken by 11,700 Finnish Romani. “Good afternoon!”... 11xielosko čoon x2026 |
|
In Romani [Kale Iberian] (Caló) (RMQ) it’s 635. This one is spoken by Iberian Peninsula Romani. The characters singing the famous "Anvil Chorus" in... 11inerín x2026 |
|
In Romani [Kale Welsh] (RMW) it’s 636. Romani variety spoken in Wales until at least 1950, introduced during the 15th century. Its purported... 11iveskero x2026 |
|
In Romani [Vlax] (RMY) it’s 637. Today's most widely spoken Romani, originally the language of the Romani enslaved in the territory of... 11pervonai x2026 ▭ |
|
In Romanian [Meglenitic] (Megleno-Romanian) (RUQ) it’s 638. Eastern Romance, native to Greece, Macedonia, Romania, and Turkey. Some consider Meglenitic a separate language; others... 11culujéṷ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Romanian [Old Church/Traditional] (RON) it’s 639. Indo-European, Romance. Romanian used the Cyrillic alphabet from 1521 until 1859 when Moldavia and Wallachia united... їа x҂вкѕ
|
|
In Romansh [Grischun] (ROH) it’s 640. Indo-European, Rhaeto-Romance, Switzerland. Romansh comes in five chief dialects. Not included among those is Grischun, a... 11schaner x2026 |
|
In Romansh [Putèr] (ROH) it’s 641. Romansh dialect spoken in the Engadine Valley, Switzerland. Often incorrectly referred to as “Ladin,” though not... 11schner x2026 ▭ |
|
In Rombo (Kirombo or Chaga) (ROF) it’s 642. Niger-Congo, Northeast Bantu, spoken in Tanzania's Kilimanaro Region. Four dialects: Keni, Mashati, Mkuu, and Usseri. The... 11Mweri wa kwanza x2026 |
|
In Rongga (ROR) it’s 643. Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, spoken in East Nuse Tenggara Province in central Flores, Indonesia. Not to be confused... 11wula vowo x2026 |
|
In Rongmei Naga (NBU) it’s 644. Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin Naga (?), Zeme. About 94,000 Rongmei live in Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland in Northeast India... 11chagacbw x2026 |
|
In Rotokas (ROO) it’s 645. North Bougainville family, spoken by approx. 4000 in Papua New Guinea. Famous for its tiny sound... 11kataipa kekira x2026 |
|
In Russian [Premodern] (RUS) it’s 646. This was Russian before it adopted neo-Latin (more accurately, Byzantine Greek) month conventions. For several centuries... їа x҂вкѕ
|
|
In Russian [Ninilchik] (???) it’s 647. Endangered but still spoken by descendants of 19th century Russian American Company workers in Ninilchik, Alaska... 11In’wár x2026 ▭ |
|
In Rusyn (Ruthene or Ruthenian) (RUE) it’s 648. East Slavic, approx. 60,000 current speakers. Three grammar/spelling standards: Lemko, Panonian, and Prešov. Compared with Russian... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Rwanda-Rundi [Kinyarwanda] (KIN) it’s 649. Niger-Congo, Bantu. Tonal, official in Rwanda. Of the 20 million speakers for Rwanda-Rundi in total, 9.8... 11Ukwa mbere x2026 ▭ |
|
In Rwanda-Rundi [Kirundi] (RUN) it’s 650. The other chief dialect of Rwanda-Rundi, spoken in Burundi by 8.8 million. Most speakers refer to... 11ukwēzi kwa mbere x2026 |
/ Bora tirigi
/ soit|
In Sa‘a (South Malaita or Apae‘aa) (APB) it’s 651. Malayo-Polynesian, SE Solomonic, spoken by 12,000 in South Malaita, Solomon Islands. 11 x2026
|
|
In Sabaean (Sabaic or Himyarite) (XSA) it’s 652. Afroasiatic, Old South Arabian, putative language of the Queen of Sheba/Saba, Yemen between ca. 1000 BCE... 𐩽𐩲𐩹𐩵𐩱𐩥𐩬 [ḏdʔwn] x𐩽𐩭𐩲𐩲𐩱𐩱 ▭ |
|
In Saho (SSY) it’s 653. Afroasiatic, Cushitic, Lowland East, 220,000 native speakers in Eritrea and in Tigray in Ethiopia, descendants from... 11ثِرّتٜ / thirre x2026 |
|
In Sakizaya (SZY) it’s 654. Austronesian, Formosan, Ami, an indigenous language spoken by around 900 on Taiwan (Keelung, Taoyuan City, New... 11cacay bulad x2026 |
|
In Salish, Coastal [Island Halkomelem] (HUR) it’s 655. A language from the Salishan family spoken by approx. 200 on the east coast of Vancouver... 11 x2026
|
|
In Salish, Coastal [Klallam] (CLM) it’s 656. Salishan family, once heard in the Pacific Northwest on the northern shore of the Olympic Peninsula... 11siʔsət x2026 ▭ |
|
In Salish, Coastal [Puget Sound] (Lushootseed) (LUT) it’s 657. Another Salishan language, spoken by several dozen of the Nisqually tribe. The word “geoduck” (elephant clam)... 11ƛ̓iq̓s x2026 ▭ |
|
In Salish, Coastal [Sechelt] (Shashishalhem) (SEC) it’s 658. This Salishan family language is native to the Sechelt Peninsula area of British Columbia. Fewer than... 11temḵ՚ aykw shalshal x2026 |
|
In Salish, Coastal [Squamish] (SQU) it’s 659. Salishan, native to Squamish, North Vancouver, and West Vancouver in British Columbia. One remaining native speaker... 11mím̓na lhḵaych՚ x2026 |
|
In Salish, Interior [Kalispel–Spokane–Flathead] (FLA/SPO) it’s 660. Also called Montana Salish, spoken by approx. 100 elders in central Montana's Flathead Nation and the... 11sčn̓čłtu spq̓niʔ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Salish, Interior [Shuswap] (SHS) it’s 661. The northernmost Interior Salishan language, spoken natively by around 200 in central and southern British Columbia... 11 x2026
|
|
In Sami [Northern] (SME) it’s 662. Finno-Ugric, 20,000 speakers. The term “Lapp” for the Sámi language group is considered derogatory and no... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Sami [Inari] (SMN) it’s 663. Spoken by 300-400 around Lake Inari in northern Finland. To say good-bye to someone leaving in... 11uđđâivemáánu x2026 ▭ |
|
In Sami [Kildin] (SJD) it’s 664. The Sámi spoken by around 600 in the Lovozero area of the Kola Peninsula and the... 11одтыгьманну [odtɨg’mannu] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Sami [Lule] (SMJ) it’s 665. Spoken by between 1000 and 2000 around the Lule River in Sweden and in Norway's Nordland... 11ådåjakmánno x2026 ▭ |
|
In Sami [Skolt] (SMS) it’s 666. Seriously endangered, 400 speakers mostly around Sevettijärvi, Finland. Oldest writings date from 1884. Though millennia removed... 11oððee’jjmään x2026 ▭ |
|
In Sami [Southern] (SMA) it’s 667. Seriously endangered, 500–600 speakers in Norway’s Snåsa and Hattfjelldal districts. While also referencing reindeer husbandry, Southern... 11 x2026
|
|
In Samlandish (Old Baltic Prussian) (PRG) it’s 668. Indo-European, Baltic (as opposed to Germanic, the other, entirely unrelated “Prussian”), extinct by 1800. While its... 11rags x2026 ▭ |
|
In Samoan [Traditional] (SMO) it’s 669. Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, about 500,000 speakers in the Samoan Islands and ex-pat communities elsewhere. Vocabulary and pronunciation... 11Tagaloa-fua x2026 |
|
In Samogitian (SGS) it’s 670. Indo-European, Baltic, spoken in western Lithuania. A Lithuanian dialect to some, a separate language to others... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Sango (SAG) it’s 671. Ubangian-derived creole, three tones, central Africa, 450,000 native speakers. Along with French, Sango is an official... 11sepë x2026 |
|
In Sangu {Tanzania} (SBP) it’s 672. Niger-Congo family, Northeast Bantu, Bena-Kinga, 75,000 speakers in Tanzania's Mbeya Region. Not to be confused with... 11Mupalangulwa x2026 |
|
In Sanskrit (SAN) it’s 673. Classical Indo-European, Indic language spoken natively between approx. 1500 BCE and 1350 CE. Its living relatives... 𑁧𑁧𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀣𑀫𑀫𑀸𑀲 / प्रथममास / prathamamāsa x𑁨𑁦𑁨𑁬 ▭ |
|
In Santali (SAT) it’s 674. Austroasiatic, Munda, spoken by 7.6 million in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal. Uses Ol Chiki alphabet... ᱑᱑
|
|
In Saramaccan (SRM) it’s 675. Portuguese/English/Dutch creole with African elements, Suriname. 90,000 speakers, most of whom descend from escaped slaves. 11 x2026
|
|
In Sardinian [Campidanese] (SRD or SRO) it’s 676. Indo-European, Italic, Romance; 500,000 speakers in Sardinia in the Cagliari metro area and elsewhere in Oristano... 11zannarju x2026 |
|
In Sardinian [Gallurese] (SDN) it’s 677. Sardinia's Gallura region and elsewhere in the Northeast, 100,000 speakers. It has more noticeable Spanish and... 11ghjnnagghju x2026 ▭ |
|
In Sardinian [Logudorese ] (SRD or SRC) it’s 678. Half a million speakers in the central-southern Sardinian province of Sassari, northern parts of the... 11bennarzu x2026 |
|
In Sardinian [Logudorese Nuorese] (SRD or SRC) it’s 679. Subdialect with features found nowhere else on Sardinia including some th (IPA symbol θ) sounds and... 11cennalzu x2026 |
|
In Sardinian [Sassarese] (SDC) it’s 680. 100,000 speakers tending toward the north of the island. Its origins go back to the 16th... 11ginnàggiu x2026 |
|
In Satawalese (STW) it’s 681. Malayo-Polynesian, Micronesian, Trukic, spoken by 500 on Satawal, Yap, and other islands and atolls of the... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Saxwe (Tsáphɛ) (SXW) it’s 682. Niger-Congo family, Gbe group, tonal, spoken by 170,000 in Benin. Most speakers understand some Fon (q.v.)... 11Wɔhungbosun x2026 |
|
In Secoya (Pai Coca) (SEY) it’s 683. Tucanoan family, spoken by 1200 in Peru and Ecuador along the Putumayo and Vaupés Rivers. Nouns... 11ome x2026 |
|
In Sedang (SED) it’s 684. Austroasiatic language native to Vietnam’s Central Highlands and adjacent areas of Laos with 100,000 speakers. Famously... 11khế môi x2026 ▭ |
|
In Seediq [Truku/Taroko] (TRV) it’s 685. Austronesian, Formosan, Atayalic. Indigenous language from northern Taiwan with 20,000 speakers. In 1930 the Seediq people... 11kingal idas x2026 |
|
In Sekani [Fraser Lake] (SEK) it’s 686. Athabaskan language spoken by a few dozen in British Columbia. Bitonal, contrastive nasalized vowels. The name... 11 x2026
|
|
In Sekani [McLeod Lake and Tsek’ene] (SEK) it’s 687. Two other Sekani dialects. Left term is McLeod Lake; right, Tsek’ene. In Tsek’ene, when greeting a... 11Tli che usdats / Tlįį duchę̀’ ’ehdasde x2026 |
|
In Selkup (SEL) it’s 688. Uralic, Samoyedic. Siberia’s Yamalo-Nenets region, 1500 speakers. The language has a uvular trill (IPA ʀ), which... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Serbian [Orthodox] (SRP) it’s 689. Serbian Orthodox Church tradition. Its non-Russian Cyrillic character Ђ / ђ represents the j sound in “jar,”... 11 x2026
|
|
In Serbian [Premodern/Folk] (SRP) it’s 690. Serbian folk tradition, pre-19th century. Many Turkish loanwords — 8000 or so — from the Ottoman... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Seri (SEI) it’s 691. Indigenous language isolate spoken by 720 in coastal Sonora, Mexico. Nine definite articles dependent on proximity... 11 x2026
|
|
In Seychellois Creole (Seselwa) (CRS) it’s 692. French-based creole of Seychelles with Malagasy, Bantu, English, and Hindi loans, 70,000 speakers, its standardization maintained... 11zanvye x2026 |
|
In Shan (SHN) it’s 693. Kra-Dai language, tonal. Spoken in Burma, Thailand, and China. Virtually all are bilingual with Burmese (q.v.)... ႑႑လိူၼ််ဂိ [lungi] x႒႐႒႖ ▭ |
|
In Shawiya Berber (Tachawit) (SHY) it’s 694. Afroasiatic, Berber, spoken by the Chaouis of eastern Algeria’s Aurès Mountains. As ancient Numidia, this was... ⵔⵏyenbar / ⵢⴻⵏⴱⴰⵔ xⴵⴵⵔⵔⵦⵏ |
|
In Shawnee (SJW) it’s 695. An Algonquian language with fewer than 200 speakers in Oklahoma, originally native to Tennessee's Cumberland River... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Sheko (SHE) it’s 696. Afroasiatic, Omotic, Dizoid, spoken natively between the towns of Tepi and Mizan Teferi in western Ethiopia... 11sagǹ ʔyatsʼn x2026 ▭ |
|
In Sherpa (XSR) it’s 697. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Tibetic. Spoken by 150,000 in Nepal, Tibet, and Kashmir. Tonal. In 1953, Sherpa Tenzing... ११दावा तङबु / dāwā taṅbu x२०२६ ▭ |
|
In Shinasha (Borna or Boro) (BWO) it’s 698. Afroasiatic, either North or South Omotic (depending on whose paper you take to heart) dialect cluster... 11jangra x2026 |
|
In Shixing (SXG) it’s 699. A scantily documented Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic language of the Sichuan and Tibet Autonomous Regions. Spoken by fewer... 11dʑĩ35ɬɯ55 x2026 |
|
In Shona (SNA) it’s 700. Bantu language spoken by over 8 million, official in Zimbabwe but also heard in Botswana, Mozambique... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Shor [Mrassu] (CJS) it’s 701. Turkic. Both Shor dialects together claim 2800 speakers in Siberia’s Kemerovo Oblast, a mountainous, wooded expanse... 11 x2026
|
|
In Shoshoni (Shoshone) [Eastern] (SHH) it’s 702. Uto-Aztecan family. In all dialects inclusive, natively spoken by 1000 in Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming... 11 x2026
|
|
In Shuar (JIV) it’s 703. Aénts Chicham family, 35,000 jungle-dwelling speakers in Ecuador's Morona-Santiago and Pastaza Provinces. Not to be confused... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Sicilian (SCN) it’s 704. Indo-European, Romance, combining heavy Arabic and Greek influence with pre-Indo-European roots. Other traits include its relative... 11innàru x2026 ▭ |
|
In Sikaiana (SKY) it’s 705. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken by 750 on the small, isolated atoll of Sikaiana in the Solomon Islands. Different... 11Tienuali x2026 |
|
In Silesian (SZL) it’s 706. West Slavic, spoken by half a million in Poland and the Czech Republic. Some authorities consider... 11 x2026
|
|
In Sinhala (Sinhalese) [Premodern] (SIN) it’s 707. Indo-European, Indic, 17 million speakers, Sri Lanka. Uses unusual, prenasalized consonants — a kind of m... ෧෧දුරුතු [dhuruthu] x෨෦෨෬ ▭ |
|
In Siona (Bai Coca) (SNN) it’s 708. Tucanoan family, spoken by 500 Siona people in Colombia and Ecuador along the Putumayo River. Franciscan... 11omerẽ x2026 |
|
In Slavey [North] (SCS) it’s 709. Na-Dené, Athabaskan. Slavey as a whole has around 1800 speakers among the Slavey and Sahtu people... 11Gah Soh narege Sah x2026 ▭ |
|
In Slavey [South] (XSL) it’s 710. This Slavey dialect is heard principally in the MacKenzie region. It lists 1000 speakers. While a... 11Edáidzéneo zá x2026 |
|
In Slavonic [Old Church] (CHU) it’s 711. Indo-European, Slavic. Its earliest written form dates from Saint Cyril’s Glagolitic alphabet (left). Its successor... їа x҂вкѕ ▭
|
|
In Slavonic [New Church] (CHU) it’s 712. Current liturgical language used in conservative Slavic European Orthodox churches and the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese... 11і҆аннꙋа́рїй [yannwáryi] x2026 |
|
In Slovenian [Standard Premodern] (SLV) it’s 713. Indo-European, South Slavic, standardized from the Carniolan and other dialects during the 18th century. Not to... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Slovenian [Prekmurian Premodern] (SLV) it’s 714. Prekmurian is spoken in Northeast Slovenia and western Hungary. It's sufficiently divergent from Slovenian that many... 11 x2026
|
|
In Slovenian [Resian] (SLV) it’s 715. From the Resia Valley in Italy's Udine Province and showing heavy Italic influences. Most of its... 11ǧanar x2026 ▭ |
|
In Somali (SOM) it’s 716. Afroasiatic, Cushitic. Employs vowel harmony and three tones, spoken in the horn of Africa and in... 𐒡𐒡bisha koobaad / 𐒁𐒘𐒉𐒖 𐒏𐒝𐒁𐒛𐒆 / بِشَ كٔوبَاد x𐒢𐒠𐒢𐒦 ▭ |
|
In Soninke (SNK) it’s 717. Niger-Congo family, Western Mande, official in Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania and also spoken in... 11سَنوِىِنخَسُ / sanwiyenxaso x2026 |
|
In Sora (SRB) it’s 718. Austroasiatic family, Munda, 410,000 speakers in Andhra Pradesh and the Ganjam and Gajapati districts of Orissa... 𑃱𑃱 x𑃲𑃰𑃲𑃶
|
|
In Sorbian (Lusatian or Wend) [Lower Premodern] (WEN) it’s 719. Indo-European, West Slavic, spoken by 10,000 in lower Saxony (Brandenburg). Six noun cases. Mina Witkojc (1893–1975)... 11 x2026
|
|
In Sorbian (Lusatian or Wend) [Upper Premodern] (WEN) it’s 720. Indo-European, West Slavic, spoken by 40,000 in upper Saxony. Seven noun cases -- one more than... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Sotho (Sesotho) (SOT) it’s 721. Niger-Congo, Southern Bantu, spoken in Lesotho (where it's the official language) and South Africa. It's tonal... 11 x2026
|
|
In Sotho [Northern] (Sepedi) (SOT) it’s 722. Another dialect of Sotho spoken in South Africa, though actually more closely related to three other... 11Sedimothole x2026 |
|
In Southern Min [Taiwanese Hokkien] (NAN) it’s 723. Sino-Tibetan, spoken by 13.5 million on coastal Taiwan. Unintelligible even with some other Min branch languages... x ▭
|
|
In Standard Moroccan Berber (Tamazight) (ZGH) it’s 724. Afroasiatic, Berber, standardized in 2011 through amendments to the Moroccan Constitution. ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵖ... ⵔⵏⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ [innayr] xⴵⴵⵔⵔⵦⵏ |
|
In Sudovian (Yotvingian) (XSV) it’s 725. Indo-European, Baltic, unfortunately extinct by 1600. It was mutually intelligible with Samlandish (q.v.). A major trove... 11sausis x2026 |
|
In Sumi (Sema) (NSM) it’s 726. Sino-Tibetan, Angami–Pochuri. Spoken by 350,000 Sümi Naga in Northeast India near the Burmese border. Unusually rich... 11Luu qhi x2026 |
|
In Sumo (Mayangna) [Northern, Tawakha] (YAN) it’s 727. Misumalpan family, 9000 speakers in Nicaragua and Honduras. This dialect is spoken at the mouth of... 11 x2026
|
|
In Sumo (Mayangna) [Southern, Ulwa] (ULW) it’s 728. Another Sumo dialect with about 400 speakers in eastern Nicaragua. Rather than pry into a recipient’s... 11kurasi waikaku x2026 |
|
In Svan (Svanuri) (SVA) it’s 729. Kartvelian family — like Georgian, Mingrelian, and Laz (qq.v.) but the most divergent and furthest removed... იაქვა̈ხ [χväx] xცკვ ▭ |
|
In Swazi (siSwati) (SSW) it’s 730. Niger-Congo, Bantu. Swaziland (official), Lesotho, Mozambique, and South Africa. Three tones, none expressed in writing. Upon... 11bhimbídvwane x2026 ▭ |
|
In Swedish [Traditional/Folk] (SWE) it’s 731. North Germanic, descended from Old Norse. This is its premodern terminology. Swedish, but not uniquely: Inhaling... 11 x2026
|
|
In Syriac Aramaic (SYC) it’s 732. Afroasiatic, Northwest Semitic, used liturgically by Syrian Christians in Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Armenia. Though they... ܝܐ xܟܩܟܘ ▭
|
|
In Tabasaran (TAB) it’s 733. Northeast Caucasian language spoken in two chief dialects by 126,900 in southern Dagestan as of 2010... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Tacana (TNA) it’s 734. Western Tacanan family, 559 native speakers out of 18,500 ethnic Tacanas living in the Beni... 11badhi piadha x2026 |
|
In Tachelhit (Shilha or Sussian) (SHI) it’s 735. Afroasiatic, Berber, southern Morocco (or central Morocco, if you recognize its shaky claim on Western Sahara)... ⵔⵏⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ [innair] xⴵⴵⵔⵔⵦⵏ ▭ |
|
In Tagalog [Pre-colonial] (TGL) it’s 736. Malayo-Polynesian, Central Philippine, spoken by approx. 70 million (28 million fluently). This is the endemic terminology... 11pangalan nang buan nangunguna sa pasok nang taon x2026 ▭ |
|
In Taita (Daw'ida) (DAV) it’s 737. Niger-Congo family, Bantu. 400,000 speakers in Kenya’s Taita Hills. Taita has three chief dialects, Daw’ida, Kasigau... 11Mori ghwa imbiri x2026 |
|
In Taki Taki (Sranan Tongo) (SRN) it’s 738. An English/Dutch/Portuguese/West African creole spoken by half a million in Suriname. Likely the world’s smallest vocabulary... 11Fosimun x2026 ▭ |
|
In Talinga (Lubwisi) (TLJ) it’s 739. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, 99,000 speakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (where they call it... 11Kwokubanja x2026 |
|
In Tamahaq (THV) it’s 740. Afroasiatic, Berber, Northern Tuareg language spoken in Algeria, western Libya, and northern Niger. Three varieties... 11innar x2026 |
|
In Tamambo (Malo) (MLA) it’s 741. Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Oceanic, West Santo, 4000 speakers on Vanuatu's Malo Island and Espiritu Santo. Plural pronouns... 11 x2026
|
|
In Tamil (TAM) it’s 742. Dravidian family, India. Diverged from Malayalam in the 9th century CE. The words “catamaran” and “corundum”... ௧௧چنَوڔِ / சனவரி [jhəṉavəri] x௨௦௨௬ ▭ |
|
In Tanacross (TCB) it’s 743. Athabaskan language with approx. 30 speakers, Middle Tanana River, Alaska. Earliest written records of it date... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Tangsa [Hakhun][Premodern] (NST) it’s 744. Sino-Tibetan, Brahmaputran, Konyak. Its Hakhun dialect, shown here, is spoken by 10,000 in India's Arunachal Pradesh... 
  
|
|
In Tangut (TXG) it’s 745. Sino-Tibetan, Qiangic, of northwestern China but long extinct. Tangut’s 6800-odd character script dates from 1036. In...   
  
|
|
In Tasawaq (Ingelshi) (TWQ) it’s 746. Tentatively assigned to Nilo-Saharan, Songhay, though heavily influenced by Hausa and Berber languages. Spoken in the... 11žanwiye x2026 |
|
In Tatar [Central or Kazan] (TAT) it’s 747. Turkic, spoken in Tatarstan. Tatar is on the decline, being supplanted by Russian despite Tatarstan’s constitution... 11ğinwar / عئینوئار x2026 ▭ |
|
In Telugu (TEL) it’s 748. Dravidian, Andhra Pradesh, the fourth most heavily spoken language in India. Like all Brahmic scripts, Telugu's... ౧౧జనవరి [jənəvəri] x౨౦౨౬ ▭ |
|
In Tem (Kotokoli) (KDH) it’s 749. Niger-Congo family, Gur, Gurunsi, 340,000 speakers in Togo, Ghana, and Benin, tonal. The ɖ is retroflex;... 11fudujɛsɩrɛ x2026 |
|
In Temne (TEM) it’s 750. Niger-Congo, Bantu language spoken in Sierra Leone, four tones. Uses a modified Roman alphabet with the... 11Po̱lpo̱l x2026 |
|
In Teso (Ateso) (TEO) it’s 751. Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Kenya, Uganda by 1.6 million. Not strictly tonal but shows contrastive syllable... 11 x2026
|
|
In Tetum (Tetun) (TET) it’s 752. Malayo-Polynesian language with Portuguese influences, East Timor, 500,000 speakers. As of 2002, it and Portuguese are... 11janeiru x2026 |
|
In Thadou-Kuki (TCZ) it’s 753. An endangered Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin language spoken by 230,000 in Manipur and Assam in Northeast India and... 11tuolbuol x2026 |
|
In Thai (THA) it’s 754. Kra-Dai family. Through Buddhism, Thai absorbed much Sanskrit and Pali. The ◌์marks a relic... ๑๑
|
|
In Tibetan (BOD) it’s 755. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman. Agglutinative, bitonal, three speech registers: informal, polite/respectful, and religious/scriptural. Lhasa Tibetan also possesses mirativity... ༡༡ཟླ་བ་དང་པོ་ / [zla ba daŋ po] x༢༠༢༦ |
|
In Tigrinya (TIR) it’s 756. Afroasiatic, South Semitic. Ethiopia & Eritrea, 9 million speakers, related to Blin (q.v.). Like English but... ፲፩ጥሪ [tiree] x፳፳፮ ▭ |
|
In Timbisha [Panamint] (PAR) it’s 757. Uto-Aztecan family, native to California's Owens and Death Valleys and parts of Nevada, 20 speakers at... 11sümüm müattsi x2026 |
|
In Tiriyó (Trio) (TRI) it’s 758. Cariban family, Taranoan, spoken by 2100 in Brazil's Pará State and in Suriname's Sipaliwini District. Its... 11anuwaripo x2026 |
|
In Tiwa [Southern] {New Mexico} (TIX) it’s 759. From the Tanoan family, spoken by 1600 at Isleta Pueblo and Sandia Pueblo, New Mexico and... 11Eneru x2026 |
|
In Tlingit (TLI) it’s 760. Na-Dené family, USA Pacific Northwest, nearly extinct. Tlingit women traditionally wore lip plates. Since the language... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Tobian (TOX) it’s 761. Malayo-Polynesian, Micronesian, Trukic, critically endangered, native to Palau's states of Hatohobei, Koror, and Sonsorol, 150 native... 11metamowari maham x2026 ▭ |
|
In Tocharian B (TXB) it’s 762. Tocharian was a branch of Indo-European, extinct since the ninth century, spoken in China’s Tarim Basin...  
   ▭
|
|
In Tofalar (Tofa or Karagas) (KIM) it’s 763. Turkic, mildly tonal, closely related to Tuvan (q.v.), moribund with approx. 90 speakers in Russia’s Irkutsk... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin) (TPI) it’s 764. English-based creole with 120,000 fluent speakers and another 4 million with L 2 proficiency, the lingua franca... 11numba wan mun x2026 ▭ |
|
In Tokelauan [Traditional] (TKL) it’s 765. Malayo-Polynesian, approx. 4300 speakers in American Samoa (on Tokelau and Swains Island) and New Zealand. Tokelauan... 11Toe Palolo x2026 |
|
In Tolowa (Siletz Dee-ni) (TOL) it’s 766. Na-Dené, Pacific Coast Athabaskan, natively extinct. Linguist Loren Bommelyn teaches Tolowa in Crescent City, CA. It... 11Lha’num-nii-man’s x2026 |
|
In Tonga (Nyasa) [Traditional] (TOG) it’s 767. Niger-Congo, Bantu, Botatwe (according to some) language spoken by 170,000 in The Republic of Malawi. Tonal... 11 x2026
|
|
In Tongan [Premodern] (TON) it’s 768. Malayo-Polynesian, Kingdom of Tonga, 187,000 speakers. Only one vowel per syllable, no clustered consonants. Tongan’s counting... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Trique [Copala] (TRC) it’s 769. Oto-Manguean family, Mixtecan branch, spoken in San Juan Copala, Oaxaca, Mexico and by migrants in San... 11 x2026
|
|
In Trique [Chicahuaxtla] (TRC) it’s 770. Trique dialect of 6000 in San Andrés Chicahuaxtla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Chicahuaxtla may be one of the... 11néruu x2026 |
|
In Tsafiki (Tsachila or Colorado) (COF) it’s 771. Barbacoan family, spoken by 2300 ethnic Tsachilas in Ecuador. Possesses mirativity and evidentiality — grammatical indicators... 11pichu na'la pe x2026 |
|
In Tsez (Dido) (DDO) it’s 772. Northeast Caucasian, endangered, 15,000 speakers in southern Dagestan. Rich consonant inventory, but like others of its... 11йанвар [yanwar] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Tshangla (Sharchop) (TSJ) it’s 773. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, spoken by 170,000 in Bhutan’s Trashigang district, Tibet, and Arunachal Pradesh in India. Rarely... ༡༡དཝ དང་པ / dawa daŋpa x༢༠༢༦ ▭ |
|
In Tsimshian [Coast] (TSI) it’s 774. Indigenous Tsimshianic family language spoken by around 240 in British Columbia and Alaska. Unusually wide consonant... 11 x2026
|
|
In Tsonga (TSO) it’s 775. Niger-Congo family, Bantu, 7 million speakers in southern Africa. Uses whistling sounds and a single click... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Tswana (Setswana) (TSN) it’s 776. Niger-Congo family, Bantu; official in Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa. Like Gourmantché (q.v.), Tswana nouns divide into... 11 x2026
|
|
In Tuareg [Tamasheq] (TAQ) it’s 777. Afroasiatic, Berber, traditionally of the Kel Adrar people, a dialect/subset of Tuareg spoken by half a... ⵔⵏⵉⵏⵏⴰⵔ [innar] xⴵⴵⵔⵔⵦⵏ ▭ |
|
In Tujia [Southern] (TJS) it’s 778. Sino-Tibetan, but unclassified within that family due to its extensive borrowing from neighboring languages. Tonal, spoken... 11tsẽ33 jye21 x2026 |
|
In Tulu (TCY) it’s 779. Dravidian, of Tulu Nadu, Southwest India. A second century Greek play, Mimítis filanthropías, features characters possibly...  
   ▭
|
|
In Tumbuka (TUM) it’s 780. Niger-Congo, Bantu. Speakers in Malawi, Zambia, & Tanzania. Between 1.5 and 2 million speakers. Tumbuka was... 11Janyuwali x2026 |
|
In Tunica (TUN) it’s 781. Isolate of central Louisiana, natively extinct since the 1948 death of Mr. Sesostrie Youchigant, but now... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Turkish [Standard] (TUR) it’s 782. From the Altaic family. Earliest inscriptions, eighth century CE, found in Mongolia. Turkish’s trademark undotted I... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Turkish [Meskhetian] (TUR) it’s 783. Dialect spoken by the Turkish Meskheti diaspora throughout Russia. Before Stalin's forced expulsions, the Meskhetian homeland... 11 x2026
|
|
In Turkish [Ottoman] (TUR) it’s 784. Turkish of the Ottoman Empire before 20th century reforms. Ottoman Turkish borrowed over 80% of its... ۱۱كانون ثانی / kânûn-ı sânî x۲۰۲۶ |
|
In Turkmen 1 [Pre-Niyazov] (TUK) it’s 784 a. Altaic family, Turkic, Oghuz. Nine million speakers, largely intelligible with Azeri and Turkish. But unlike Turkish... 11ýanwar x2026 ▭ |
|
In Turkmen 2 [Post-Niyazov] (TUK) it’s 784 b. As decreed by President-For-Life Saparmurat Niyazov (1940 –2006) 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Turkmen 3 [Post-Post-Niyazov] (TUK) it’s 784 c. Since 2008, back by popular demand! 11ýanwar x2026 ▭ |
|
In Tuscarora (TUS) it’s 785. That last native speaker of this Northern Iroquoian language, Kenneth Patterson, died in 2020. Nominally its... 11θkawéʔrkye x2026 |
|
In Tutchone [Northern] (TTM) it’s 786. Na-Dené family, North Athabaskan, about 350 native speakers of Tutchone as a whole. This northern subgroup:... 11 x2026
|
|
In Tutchone [Southern, Aishihik] (TCE) it’s 787. Southern or Aishihik Tutchone is spoken in the Yukon communities of Aishihik, Burwash Landing, Champagne, Haines... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Tuvan (TYV) it’s 788. A Turkic language with Mongolian loans spoken by 280,000 in the Russian Republic of Tuva in... 𐰋𐰃𐰼 𐰀𐰖 / бир ай [bir ay] x ▭
|
|
In Tuvan [Todzhu] (TUN) it’s 789. Northeastern dialect of Tuvan spoken near the upper course of the Great Yenisey River of Krasnoyarsk... 11 x2026
|
|
In Tzotzil (TZO) it’s 790. Mayan family, Cholan-Tzeltalan branch, spoken by 400,000 in Chiapas, Mexico. The verb opens the sentence... 11‘enero x2026 ▭ |
/ hivun da
/ 
/ meñe naimaññe
/ puyinthel|
In Uab Meto (AOZ) it’s 791. Malayo-Polynesian family, unusual gender distinctions, spoken by 800,000 Atoni people in Indonesian West Timor. Not counting... 11fun-mese’ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Udi [Traditional] (UDI) it’s 792. Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic, 8000 speakers in Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia. Russian, Azerbaijani and Armenian... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Udi [Old] (Gargarian or Caucasian Albanian) (XAG) it’s 793. Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic, genetically unrelated to Albanian. Dating from the 6th to the 8th centuries, it... 𐔹𐔰 x𐕌𐔺𐔵
|
|
In Udmurt (Votyak) (UDM) it’s 794. Uralic family, related to Komi (q.v.), 500,000 speakers in the central Urals. Natively lacks an f... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Ukrainian (UKR) it’s 795. Indo-European, East Slavic, Polish affinities. Unlike Russian, Г is pronounced as an h; hard g... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Ukrainian [Premodern] (UKR) it’s 796. Older Ukrainian. The character Ꙋ / ꙋ represents the u sound, rendered in modern Cyrillic as... 11 x2026
|
|
In Unami (UNM) it’s 797. Algonquian language of the New Jersey/Delaware area Lenape people, whose last native speaker, Edward Thompson of... 11 x2026
|
|
In Upper Chinook [Clackamas] (WAC) it’s 798. From the Chinookan family of Northwest Oregon. Upper Chinook went extinct with the death of its... 11watca’gun x2026 ▭ |
|
In Upper Kuskokwim (KUU) it’s 799. Athabaskan, only 40 speakers (Alaska). Features an unvoiced n sound. Revival efforts currently underway through The... 11 x2026
|
|
In Urhobo (URH) it’s 800. Niger-Congo, Edoid, spoken by half a million living near the Niger River or in boats on... 11ọ́vuikpe x2026 ▭ |
|
In Uyghur (UIG) it’s 801. Turkic, loans from Persian, Russian, Chinese. Spoken in China’s Xinjiang region by 8-10 million. Not to... ۱۱بىرىنچى ئاي / birinchi ay x۲۰۲۶ ▭ |
|
In Vai (VAI) it’s 802. Niger-Congo family, Mande. Tonal, 75,000 speakers, Liberia. Its syllabary writing system was devised by Momolu Duwalu... ꘡꘡ꖨꕪꖃ ꔞꕮ / luukao kemã x꘢꘠꘢꘦ ▭ |
|
In Venda (VEN) it’s 803. Niger-Congo family, Bantu branch. Spoken by 1.3 million speakers and understood by another 1.7 million in... 11Phando x2026 |
|
In Venetian (VEC) it’s 804. Spoken in and around Venice, also in Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul and the Mexican city... 11zenaro x2026 ▭ |
|
In Veps (VEP) it’s 805. Finno-Ugric, approx. 6300 speakers mostly near the Gulf of Finland. It has 23 noun cases, the... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Vietnamese (Annamese) (VIE) it’s 806. Austroasiatic family, at one time written with Chinese-derived script called Chữ nôm as shown... 11
|
|
In Voro (VRO) it’s 807. Uralic, Finnic, related to Veps on the previous page, 80,000 speakers in southern Estonia. Unlike Estonian... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Votic (Votian or Vote) (VOT) it’s 808. Also Finnic, fewer than 20 speakers in two villages near Narva, Estonia. Like other Finnic languages... 11janvaari x2026 ▭ |
|
In Wa [Parauk] (PRK) it’s 809. Austroasiatic, Mon-Khmer, spoken by 820,000 hilltop-dwelling ethnic Wa in Thailand, Burma, southern China. Wa's scripts have... 11kʰiʔ tiʔ x2026 |
|
In Waali {Ghana} (WLX) it’s 810. Niger-Congo family, Gur, Moré–Dagbani, 140,000 speakers centered around the city of Wa and nearby villages in... 11‘chiuri ‘yeni daana x2026 |
|
In Waama (Yoabu) (WWA) it’s 811. Niger-Congo, Gur, Oti-Volta, spoken by 50,000 in Benin. Closely related to Mbèlimè and Moba (qq.v.). Most... 11 x2026
|
|
In Wallisian (East Uvean) (WLS) it’s 812. Polynesian, spoken by around 10,000 on Wallis Island of Wallis and Futuna. Akin to Rennell-Bellona and... 11sanualio x2026 |
|
In Walloon (WLN) it’s 813. Indo-European, Romance, Langue d’oïl, native to Belgium's Wallonia region. Despite its traditional label as a French... 11di djanvî x2026 ▭ |
|
In Waorani (Sabela or Auishiri) (AUC) it’s 814. Language isolate spoken by 2000 mostly Huaorani natives in Ecuador's Napo, Orellana, and Pastaza Provinces plus... 11ontokatede x2026 |
|
In Warao (WBA) it’s 815. This is an endangered language isolate spoken by 32,000 on Trinidad and along the northeast coast... 11waniku jisaka x2026 |
|
In Waray-Waray [Premodern] (WAR) it’s 816. Malayo-Polynesian, Central Visayan, 2.6 million speakers, Philippines. Baybayin script shown. Waray-Waray uses a sound, called the... ᜉᜈᜒᜈᜒᜌᜑᜈ᜔ / paniniyahan x ▭
|
|
In Wayuu (Goajiro) (GUC) it’s 817. Arawakan family, Northern, spoken by 305,000 in Northwest Venezuela and Northeast Colombia. Vowels can be short... 11eneero x2026 |
|
In Welsh (Cymric) (CYM) it’s 818. Indo-European, Celtic, Brythonic. Over 700,000 speakers in Wales, England, Argentina, Canada, and the US. DD is... 11Ionawr x2026 ▭ |
|
In Winnebago (Ho-Chunk) (WIN) it’s 819. Siouan family, related to Chiwere (q.v.), native to an area stretching from Lake Michigan's southwestern shore... 11 x2026
|
|
In Wintu (WNW) it’s 820. Wintuan family, Northern. Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties, California; extinct though under revival by both tribal... 11 x2026
|
|
In Woleaian (WLE) it’s 821. Malayo-Polynesian, spoken by 1700 in the Federated States of Micronesia. While their language uses foreign loans... 11gaseewali merame x2026 |
|
In Wolof (WOL) it’s 822. Niger-Congo language. Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania. The terms "okay" and "hep cat" may possibly have come from... 11tamxarit / تَمْخَرِتْ x2026 ▭ |
|
In Wutun (Ngandehua) (WUH) it’s 823. A preliterate Chinese/Tibetan/Mongolic creole with 2000 speakers in the villages of Upper Wutun and Lower... 11yi-yai x2026 |
|
In Wymysorys (Wilamowicean or Vilamovian) (WYM) it’s 824. West Germanic, on the brink of extinction but now under active revival in Poland... 11jenner x2026 ▭ |
|
In Xhosa [Traditional] (XHO) it’s 825. Niger-Congo, Southern Bantu. Bitonal, with many unusual consonants including 18 clicks. These features get a serious... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Xincan [Jutiapa] (XIN) it’s 826. Actually a family of natively extinct isolates, still spoken by a handful in Guatemala as an... 11ʔika ʔawa x2026 |
|
In Yakut (Sakha) (SAH) it’s 827. Northern Turkic, grammatically genderless, spoken by 450,000 in the Yakutia Republic in northern Siberia. Its capital... 11тохсунньу [toχsunnyu] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Yanesha’ (Amuesha) (AME) it’s 828. Arawakan family. Spoken by approx. 7000 Yanesha’ in the Peruvian Amazon. Vowels are A, E, and... 11yoncayanequëm̃ x2026 |
|
In Yangben (Central Yambasa) (YAV) it’s 829. Niger-Congo family, Southern Bantoid, spoken by 17,000 in Cameroon. Yambasa children typically learn French as their... 11pikítíkítie x2026 |
|
In Yapese [Marbaq/Yap] (YAP) it’s 830. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, 6000 speakers for all dialects inclusive on the Yap islands in the Federated... 11Maathqëg Duqög x2026 |
|
In Yaqui (Hiaki) (YAQ) it’s 831. Uto-Aztecan family, 17,500 speakers in Sonora, Mexico; another 430 in Arizona. Seven noun cases. Special feature:... 11ke’esamet x2026 ▭ |
|
In Yi (Nuosu) (III) it’s 832. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, spoken by 2 million ethnic Yi in China and Southeast Asia. Yi’s script is... 11ꋍꆪ / cyp ma x2026 ▭ |
|
In Yi (Nuosu) (III) it’s 833. Alternate terminology. Yi mythology had its people fending off with torches the pests sent by an... 11 x2026
|
|
In Yiddish (Judaeo-German) (YID) it’s 834. Old High German substrate with Hebrew, Aramaic, and Slavic loans, around 3 million speakers worldwide. It... 11יאַנואַר [yanuar] x2026 ▭ |
|
In Yiddish (Judaeo-German) [13th Century] (YID) it’s 835. This is Yiddish from 1246–1247, one of the earliest known written records of Judaeo-German in existence... יא xב׳כו
|
|
In Yimkhiungrü [Langa] (YIM) it’s 836. Sino-Tibetan, Central Naga, 83,000 speakers of all dialects inclusive in India’s Nagaland and adjacent. According to... 11yungphu x2026 |
|
In Yoruba (YOR) it’s 837. Niger-Congo family, spoken in Nigeria and Benin, tonal, language of the Oyo Empire (ca. 1300–1896). Left... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Yugur, Western {China} (YBE) it’s 838. Turkic, Yenissei Turkic branch, 4600 speakers in China's Sunan Yugur Autonomous County. Not to be confused... 11pïrïnçï ay x2026 |
|
In Yukaghir [Tundra] (YKG) it’s 839. Of a moribund two-language family, spoken by several dozen in the Russian Far East, this is... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Yupik [Central Siberian] (ESS) it’s 840. Eskimo-Aleut family, Bering Strait area, about 1200 speakers — most of them on the US side... x ▭
|
|
In Yup’ik [Mid-Alaskan] (ESU) it’s 841. Of the Eskimo-Aleut family, the major Yup’ik dialect, 20,000 speakers, the second most heavily spoken indigenous... x ▭
|
|
In Yup’ik [Chevak Cup’ik] (ESU) it’s 842. A Yupi’k sub-dialect of Hooper Bay, Alaska. Only a few speakers, critically threatened. Genderless. x
|
|
In Zapotec, Isthmus (Juchitán Zapotec) (ZAI) it’s 843. Oto-Manguean, Central Zapotec, 85,000 speakers in Tehuantepec and Juchitán in Mexico's State of Oaxaca. Rich inventory... 11 x2026
|
|
In Zapotec, Western Tlacolula Valley [Teotitlán del Valle] (ZAB) it’s 844. Documented in 2014 by linguist Brook Danielle Lillehaugen. Of Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec's six dialects, Teotitlán... 11eneer x2026 ▭ |
|
In Zarma (Dyerma) [Premodern] (DJE) it’s 845. Nilo-Saharan family, Songhay group, spoken by 3. 6 million in Southwest Niger. Adds Ɲ (N with left... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Zaza (Zazaki or Dimli) [Premodern] (ZZA) it’s 846. Indo-European, Indo-Iranic, 2-4 million speakers, mostly in Turkey. First written in 1850 using a Perso-Arabic script... ۱۱ x۲۰۲۶ ▭
|
|
In Zhuang (ZHA) it’s 847. Kra-Dai family, six tones, spoken in China’s Guangxi region. It has 16 chief dialects of widely... 11nin wtj x2026 |
|
In Zou (Zo or Zomi) (ZOM) it’s 848. Sino-Tibetan, Kuki-Chin, spoken by 82,000 in India’s Mizoram and Manipur (Zou) plus northwestern Burma where it... 11
|
|
In Zulu (ZUL) it’s 849. Bantu, widely spoken in southern Africa, controlled by the Pan South African Language Board. Its... 11 x2026 ▭
|
|
In Zuni (Zunian) (ZUN) it’s 850. Language isolate spoken and vigorously supported by a reported 9620 Native American inhabitants of Zuni Pueblo... 11 x2026
|
/ gângpí hà
Top right: Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, mid-15th century French Gothic illuminations produced in the Low Countries. Months are captioned in two common vernaculars of that time and place, Medieval Picard and Old Dutch. Left and below those, displayed in random order: Mosaic of Alexander the Great from the House of the Faun, Pompeii; rarely seen Suryani script for Harari, formalized and shown with modern Arabic script; Queen Zenobia's Last Look upon Palmyra by Herbert Gustave Schmalz (1889); sketchbook page of medieval Picard artist Villard de Honnecourt (ca. 1230).
As an affiliate of the companies advertised, I earn from qualifying purchases.