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The Keeling Curve - Continuous atmospheric CO₂ measurements from Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (1958-Present)
Timeline
Recent Trend
PPM/Year (10yr)
Key Insights
- Safe Limit (350 PPM): Exceeded ~1990, we are now in the climate danger zone
- Point of No Return (450 PPM): Approaching in ~10-15 years at current rate, triggers irreversible tipping points
- Pre-industrial: CO₂ was ~280 PPM for 10,000+ years before industrialization
- Current Level: Now above
PPM - causing record heat and extreme weather - Acceleration: Rate of increase has nearly doubled from 1960s to today
- Indoor Risk: At 1,000+ PPM cognitive function declines - rising outdoor levels make indoor air harder to keep fresh
The Keeling Curve - Atmospheric CO₂ (1958-Present)
Annual Rate of Increase
Critical CO₂ Thresholds