In a simple and fairly popular manner, the book presents the basic concepts of cybernetics and describes its methods and tools (computers) as applied to chemistry and chemical engineering. Separate chapters are devoted to the principles of a cybernetic approach to the analysis of chemical engineering processes and the development of new processes.
Detailed consideration is given to the use of mathematical models for processes and typical reactors used in chemical engineering, based on reaction kinetics and heat transfer. Special mention is made of scale-up procedures, and examples are provided of optimum designs.
The book has been written as a study aid for students in chemical engineering colleges or departments at polytechnic institutes. It may also be useful to researchers, engineers, and technicians working in chemical factories as well as in R&D and design organisations.
Prof. V. Kafarov, D.Sc. (Tech.), Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Honorary Doctor of the Technical Universities of Veszprém (Hungary) and Merseburg (GDR), is currently Head of the Chair of Chemical Engineering Cybernetics at the D. I. Mendeleev Chemical Engineering Institute in Moscow.
In 1938, he graduated with honours from the Department of Organic Technology at the S. M. Kirov Chemical Engineering Institute in Kazan as a chemical reaction engineer. In 1944, he was awarded the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences, and in 1945 he was appointed Docent. In 1952, he received his Doctor’s degree in Technical Sciences and was appointed Professor of Processes and Apparatus of Chemical Engineering.
His scientific interests lie in the theoretical principles of chemical engineering. In the USSR, Professor Kafarov pioneered a new scientific field within chemical engineering — the cybernetics of chemical engineering processes.
Professor Kafarov is the author of seven books and numerous scientific papers published in engineering journals.
Contents
Preface
Chapter I. Basic Concepts Of Cybernetics
I-1. Systems And Processes
I-2. Modelling
I-3. An Outline Of Information Theory
I-4. Basic Concepts And Definitions Of Control Theory
I-5. Main Types Of Controllers
I-6. Informational Characteristics Of Instruments For Industrial Control
I-7. Control Methods And Control Systems
I-8. Computer Control Of Chemical Engineering Systems
I-9. Computers As Tools Of Cybernetics
References
Chapter II. Use Of Cybernetic Methods In The Analysis Of Chemical Engineering Processes
II-1. Development Of A Mathematical Model For A Chemical Engineering Process
II-2. Standard Mathematical Models Of Fluid Flows In Reactors
II-3. Basic Steps In Mathematical Process Modelling
II-4. Process Optimisation Through Mathematical Models
II-5. Development Of Mathematical Models By Experiment And Statistics — Statistical Optimisation
References
Chapter III. Mathematical Models Of Unit Processes Of Chemical Engineering
III-1. Thermal Processes
III-2. Mass Transfer Processes
III-3. Use Of Mechanical Agitators For Liquid Media
References
Chapter IV. Mathematical Models Of Chemical Reactors
IV-1. Basic Concepts Of Chemical Kinetics
IV-2. Mathematical Models Of Isothermal Reactors
IV-3. Reactor Design From Response Curves, Neglecting System Macrostate — Reactor Effectiveness Factor
IV-4. Effectiveness Of Various Reactors
IV-5. Yield, Selectivity, And Fractional Conversion Of Various Reactors
IV-6. Plug Flow And Complete Mixing Or Complete Mixing And Plug Flow In Series — Short-Circuiting
IV-7. Reactor Design From Response Curves With Allowance For System Macrostate
IV-8. Mathematical Models Of Reactors With Heat Transfer
IV-9. Thermal Stability Of Chemical Reactors
IV-10. Determining An Optimum Temperature Profile For Polytropic Reactors
IV-11. Autothermal Reactors
References
Chapter V. Chemical Kinetic Experiments And Interpretation Of Laboratory Kinetic Data
V-1. Integral Method
V-2. Differential Method
V-3. Deduction Of Reaction Order By A Differential–Integral Method (Method Of Time Ratios)
V-4. Analysis Of Kinetics And Selectivity For Complex Reactions (Method Of Hyperbolas) — Choice Of A Reactor Model
V-5. Analysis Of Kinetic Data By Semilogarithmic Anamorphism
V-6. Rate Constant As A Function Of Temperature
V-7. Optimum Observation Time Schedule In Kinetic Experiments
V-8. Controlling Steps For Heterogeneous Reactions
V-9. Deduction Of Kinetic Parameters For Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
References
Chapter VI. Macrokinetics Experiments And Interpretation Of Pilot–Plant Kinetic Data
VI-1. General
VI-2. Scale–Up In Reactor Design
VI-3. Use Of Experimental Data For Reactor Operation Analysis And Optimal Design
VI-4. Control Of Reactors
References
Chapter VII. Analysis And Synthesis Of Chemical Engineering Systems
VII-1. Calculation Of Material And Energy Balances For Chemical Engineering Systems
VII-2. Calculation Of Chemical Engineering Systems On The Basis Of Mathematical Models Of System Elements
VII-3. Multilevel Optimisation Of Chemical Engineering Systems
VII-4. Computer–Aided Design Of Chemical Manufacture
References