82 Long-Term Visas for Nomads and Expats [2025 Directory]

If you’re an aspiring nomad, expat, or FIRE follower who wants to find a good visa or residency option to live abroad long-term in your country of choice, the internet does not make it easy for you.

You get listicles that confuse tourist visas with residency, half-translated government pages, and “ultimate guides” that quietly ignore whether a visa actually leads to permanent residence, citizenship, or swiftly out the door. Meanwhile, the rules keep changing.

This ultimate directory to long-term visas and permanent residencies aims to fix that by listing every practical option for nomads, expats, and runaways with normal incomes (remote workers, retirees, small business owners, early-stage FIRE folks) who want a legal, realistic path to live abroad for 6–12 months, several years, or permanently.

We’ve gone country by country and pulled together 82 visas and residencies in 52 countries that work especially well for:

• Digital nomads and remote workers
• Retirees and disability pensioners
• People with “independent means” (savings, rental income, investments)
• Location-independent investors and entrepreneurs who want residency alongside their online or remote business

This is not a substitute for a good immigration lawyer, and it’s not meant to cover every visa in every country. Instead, it’s a curated, opinionated map of the most useful long-stay options for long-term travelers and global citizens who want to design a life abroad, starting with the right location, without guessing in the dark.

In this article, we’re going to show you all of the options available so you can see what’s out there and find the perfect visa for you.

Contents

• How to use this visa directory
• Table overview of all visas and residencies for expats and nomads
• List of all visas available for expats and nomads (with details)

How to Use This Directory

Step 0: Feel free to browse and click through based on the countries and regions you’ve always dreamed of.

This guide is intentionally sorted by region and country, prioritizing the most popular regions, the opportunities that many would love but most aren’t aware of, and other places I know are amazing (from experience) but often overlooked. So, to start, instead of limiting yourself, jump right to the countries and regions you would love to live for a season and see if there is a visa or residency that fits.

Along the way, if a location catches your eye and you’re not sure if you can afford it, cross-reference with our Guide to Costs of Living by around the World by Country.

Then, if you can’t find what you want, or perhaps you’re limited by budget, staying in a certain time zone, or just want to be thorough, proceed to step 1.

Step 1: Start by assessing the resources that you already have to support a visa application
Look at your current situation and circle which of these you can already prove on paper:

• Remote or freelance income
• Pension or disability income
• Passive income from investments or rentals
• Savings and liquid assets
• Capital, you’re willing to invest in property or a business in a new country

That will open your mind to alternative visa categories you can use in addition to what you may already have in mind:

• Digital Nomad / Remote Work: For salary or freelance income paid from abroad via employment, freelance work, or income through your own remote business
• Retirement / Pensionado: For Social Security, VA disability, and other formal pensions
• Independent Means / Savings-Based: For investment income and/or savings above a minimum threshold
• Investor / Business / Entrepreneur: For people ready to start or fund something abroad
• Long-Stay Visitor / Second-Home: For 12-month “test drives” before full residency, likely requiring significant investments or deposits.

Step 2 – Filter by region and lifestyle.
After narrowing down your resources that dictate what you can get, sit down and think about what you actually want. Most lifestyle preferences, beaches, wine, culture, old-world architecture, etc., can be filtered for by choosing the right region. Think about what you want, narrow it down to potential regions and countries. Then use the overview table at the top of this guide to filter by:

• Region: Europe for easy Schengen access, Latin America for a single language + proximity, Asia for cost arbitrage and amazingly interesting food, etc.
• Minimum income: How much income can you comfortably document, not just barely reach, to qualify for the visas below?
• Length & renewability: How long do you want and need to stay? Are you testing a place for 6–12 months, or aiming for permanent residency or second citizenship?

Click any region, country, or visa name in the table to jump to a detailed card with:

• Who the visa is best for
• Approximate costs
• Whether it can lead to permanent residence or a passport
• Common pitfalls people run into

Step 3: Pair your options and preferences with a long-term strategy.
This directory is the reference layer. To turn it into an actual plan, read it alongside:

• Essential Visa and Residency Tips: How to choose a country and visa based on your income, taxes, risk tolerance, and timeline.
• Best 15 Visas & Residencies Right Now: A short list of the strongest options for open-minded long-term nomads, global citizens, and sovereign expats.

Step 4 – Always double-check before you apply.
Immigration laws change constantly. We update this directory in January and July each year, but you should always confirm:

• Current minimum income and savings thresholds
• Current government fees
• Whether a program is paused, closed, or has new requirements
  On the official government link, we list under each visa.

Treat this visa directory as an initial guide, a touch of extra inspiration, and a good starting map. Then sanity check from there. Once you find 2–3 promising options, it’s time to talk to start gathering your documents and emailing the embassy.

If your income is under ~$2,500/month, start with our article ‘15 Cheapest Digital Nomad Visas.’

Table of Long-Term Visa & Residency Options for Expats and Nomads

• Europe
• Asia
• Central America
• South America
• Oceania
• Caribbean
• Middle East
• Africa

EUROPE

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Austria	Settlement Permit – Person of Independent Means	Must show assets/income in 5–6 figures	1 year	Y (→ PR 5y)
Croatia	Temporary Stay of Digital Nomads	~€3,295/month	Up to 18 months	N (must leave 6m, then re-apply)
Cyprus	Digital Nomad Visa	€3,500/month after tax	1-year, then 2-year renewals	Y
Cyprus	Category F Residence	Sufficient annual income (e.g. €10–15k+)	Permanent Residency Permit	N (PR)
Czechia	Digital Nomad Programme	~1.5× avg wage (~€2,800–3,200/month)	1-year visa → LT residence	Y (via residence)
Estonia	Digital Nomad Visa (C & D types)	≥ ~€3,500–3,600/month gross	1 year	Limited (1 extension)
France	VLS-TS “Visiteur”	No fixed; must show sufficient passive income	1 year	Y (convertible)
Greece	Digital Nomad Visa (D-type + residence)	≥ €3,500/month (+20% spouse, +15%/child)	1-year visa; then 2-year TRP	Y
Greece	Financially Independent Person (FIP) Permit	≥ ~€2,000/month (in practice)	2-year permit	Y
Hungary	White Card	≥ €3,000/month net	1 year, extendable once (2y max)	Y (once)
Iceland	Long-Term Visa for Remote Workers	≥ 1,000,000 ISK/month (≈ US$7–8k)	Up to 180 days in 12 months	N
Italy	Digital Nomad / Remote Worker Visa	~€25,000–28,000/year (~€2,100–2,400/month)	Up to 1 year per permit	Y
Italy	Elective Residence Visa	No statutory figure; consulates often want €31–35k+/year	1-year TRP, renewable	Y (→ PR/citizenship after 10y)
Latvia	Digital Nomad Residence	2.5× average salary (~€3,300–4,200/month)	1 year, extendable to 2 years	Y (to 2y, then change status)
Malta	Nomad Residence Permit (NRP)	≥ €42,000/year (~€3,500/month)	1-year, renewable	Y (case-by-case)
Malta	Ordinary Residence / Malta PR Programme	Varies (rental, assets, contributions)	Varies (PR routes)	Y
Portugal	D8 Digital Nomad (Remote Work) Visa	≥ ~€3,480/month (4× minimum wage in 2025)	1-year visa; then 2-year TRP, then 3-year	Y
Portugal	D7 Passive Income Visa	~1× Portuguese minimum wage (≥ ~€870/month baseline)	2-year TRP, then 3-year	Y (→ PR after 5y)
Portugal	D2 Entrepreneur Visa	No fixed; viable business + funds	2-year TRP, then renewals	Y
Romania	Digital Nomad Visa	3× avg gross salary (~€3,500–3,800/month)	Up to 1 year	Y
Slovenia	Digital Nomad Visa (from late 2025)	TBD; indexed to average wage (mid-EU level)	Draft: up to 12 months	TBD
Spain	International Telework / Digital Nomad Visa	≥ ~€2,600–2,800/month (200% SMI; varies with updates)	1-year card, then 2-year renewals (up to 5y)	Y
Spain	Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)	≥ ~€2,800/month solo + ~€700 per dependent	1 year → 2-year renewals	Y (→ PR 5y)
Georgia	1-year visa-free regime (not DNV)	No fixed	1 year	N (but can reset)
Georgia	Investment / HNW residence permits	Investment thresholds	5–6 years (→ PR)	Y

ASIA

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Indonesia	Second Home Visa	Large deposit/property (e.g. IDR 2bn+ / ~$130k USD)	5 or 10 years	Y
Japan	Digital Nomad Visa	≥ ¥10 million/year (~US$65–70k)	Up to 6 months	N (must leave)
Malaysia	DE Rantau Nomad Pass	≥ US$24,000/year (tech); higher for non-tech	Up to 12 months, +12	Y
Malaysia	Sarawak MM2H (S-MM2H)	Lower deposits than the federal MM2H	5 years	Y
Malaysia	Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H)	Income + fixed deposits (varies by tier)	5–10 years	Y
Malaysia	Premium Visa Programme (PVIP)	Higher income and investment thresholds	10 years	Y
Philippines	SRRV – Special Resident Retiree’s Visa	Deposit + pension combinations	Indefinite	Y
South Korea	Workation Visa (F-1-D)	~US$65k/year (indexed to GNI)	Up to 1 year	Y (extension)
Thailand	DTV – Destination Thailand Visa	No fixed global threshold; proof of funds	5 years in 6-month increments	TBD
Thailand	Retirement visas (Non-Imm O/O-A/O-X)	800,000 THB deposit or 65,000 THB/month income	1 year (extensions); O-X up to 10y	Y
Thailand	LTR “Work-From-Thailand Professional”	US$80k/year (with some concessions)	10-year (5+5)	Y
Thailand	LTR – Wealthy Global Citizen / Pensioner	High assets/income thresholds	10-year visa	Y

Central America

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Costa Rica	Estancia for Remote Workers & Service Providers (DNV)	US$3,000/month (solo); US$4,000 (family)	1 year	Y (1 more year)
Costa Rica	Pensionado	≥ US$1,000/month pension	2-year	Y (→ PR 3y)
Costa Rica	Rentista	US$2,500/month for 2 years or US$60k deposit	2-year	Y (→ PR 3y)
Mexico	Temporary Resident – Economic Solvency	~US$2,600–3,000/month OR ~US$45–50k savings	1–4 years	Y (→ PR)
Panama	Short-Stay Visa for Remote Workers	≥ US$36,000/year	9 months	Y (one 9-month extension)
Panama	Pensionado Visa	≥ US$1,000/month lifetime pension	Permanent Residency	Not necessary
Panama	Friendly Nations Visa	Investment/job offer + means	TRP → PR in a few years	Y

SOUTH AMERICA

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Argentina	Transitory Digital Nomad Residence	No fixed; show remote foreign income	180 days	Y (one 180-day extension)
Argentina	Pensionado Temporary Residence	Lifetime pension (often US$1,000+/month)	1 year	Y (→ PR 3y)
Argentina	Rentista Temporary Residence	~US$2,000+/month foreign passive income	1 year	Y (→ PR 3y)
Brazil	Digital Nomad Visa	US$1,500/month or US$18,000 savings	1 year	Y (usually 1x)
Brazil	Retiree Residence Visa	~US$2,000+/month pension (varies)	2–3 years	Y (→ PR)
Colombia	V-type Digital Nomad Visa	≥ 3× minimum wage (~US$1,000–1,100)	Up to 2 years	Y (re-apply)
Ecuador	Temporary Residence for Digital Nomads	Typically US$1,275+/month (3× basic wage)	Up to 2 years	Y
Ecuador	Pensioner, Rentista, Investor, etc.	Pension: ~US$1,275/month; others vary	2-year temporary	Y (→ PR 3y)
Paraguay	Permanent Residence (independent, means style)	Deposit/investments (low six-figure range)	PR from the start	—
Uruguay	Provisional ID / Digital Nomad Arrangement	No fixed; show sufficient means	~180 days w/ provisional ID	Limited (intended bridge)
Uruguay	Temporary & Permanent Residence	Sufficient means; no fixed minimum	1–2 years → PR	Y

OCEANIA

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Australia	— (no dedicated DNV; Working Holiday Visa	—	—	—
New Zealand	Visitor Visa (remote work allowed)	No fixed; sufficient funds	Up to 9 months in 18	Limited (visitor rules)

CARIBBEAN

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Anguilla	Work From Anguilla	No fixed proof of funds	Up to 12 months	Y (re-apply)
Antigua & Barbuda	Nomad Digital Residence	Self-certify ≥ US$50,000/year	2 years	Limited (re-apply)
Bahamas	BEATS – Extended Access Travel Stay	No fixed; show sufficient remote income	1 year (up to 3y)	Y (annual)
Barbados	12-Month Welcome Stamp	Self-declare ≥ US$50,000/year	12 months	Y (re-apply)
Bermuda	Work From Bermuda Certificate (closed)	N/A – closed to new applicants	1 year	N (program closed)
Cayman Islands	Global Citizen Concierge Programme (GCCP)	High income (US$100k+ range)	2 years	Y (to 2y)
Cayman Islands	Residency Cert. for Persons of Independent Means	High investment/income	25 years	Y
Curaçao	@HOME in Curaçao	No fixed; proof of remote income	Up to 1 year	Y (renewals)
Dominica	Work in Nature (WIN)	≥ US$50,000/year or savings	Up to 18 months	Limited
Dominican Republic	Pensionado / Rentista	~US$1,500+/month pension/passive	1–2 years	Y (→ PR)
Montserrat	Remote Work Stamp	No fixed; proof of remote income	1 year	Y (re-apply)
St Lucia	“Live It” Extended Stay	No fixed; proof of means	Up to ~12 months	Y (within programme rules)

MIDDLE EAST

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Turkey	Digital Nomad Visa	~US$3,000/month (varies)	Around 1 year	Y (often via ikamet)
UAE (Dubai)	Virtual Working Programme	≥ ~US$3,500/month	1 year	Y
UAE (Federal)	Remote Work Residence	Similar band to Dubai (employer letter + income)	1 year	Y
UAE	Dubai Retirement Visa	~AED 20,000/month income or savings/property mix	5 years	Y
UAE	Golden Visa	Investment thresholds (property, business, salary)	5–10 years	Y

AFRICA

Country	Visa Name	Min Income	Length	Renewable
Cabo Verde	Remote Working Program	~US$1,500 bank balance (solo)	6 months	Y (to 1y)
Mauritius	Premium Visa	No fixed; “sufficient funds” (often ~US$1,500–2,000/month as practical floor)	1 year	Y
Mauritius	Residence Permit – Retired Non-Citizen	≥ US$1,500/month income	10-year permit	Y
Mauritius	Investor / Professional / Self-Employed Occupation Permits	Turnover, salary, or investment	3–10 years	Y
Namibia	Digital Nomad Visa	~US$2,000/month	6 months	Limited
Seychelles	Workcation Retreat / Nomad	No fixed; sufficient income	Up to 1 year	Y
South Africa	Remote Work Visa	~ZAR 650,000–1,000,000/year (~US$35–50k)	Up to 3 years	Y

(Jump back to the table of contents)

List of Visas and Residencies Available Globally for Expats and Nomads

• Europe • Asia • Central America • South America •

• The Caribbean • Middle East • Oceania • Africa •

EUROPE

Albania

Albania is one of the easiest long-stay options in Europe for U.S. citizens, allowing Americans to stay up to one year visa-free. It has very low living costs by European standards, direct access to the Adriatic & Ionian coasts, and is becoming a quietly popular base for digital nomads and flexpats who want a “Mediterranean life on a Balkan budget.

Albania Type “D” One-Year Visa

(Note: for U.S. citizens this is technically visa-free entry, not a formal Type D visa. Type D is the long-stay visa category used for residence permits and for non–visa-exempt nationalities.)

• Basics for US Citizens: U.S. citizens can enter Albania visa-free and stay up to one year without applying for a residence permit. You cannot work for an Albanian employer on this status, but you can work remotely for foreign clients/employers. If you decide you want to stay longer than a year, you can either:
  • Apply for a residence permit (e.g., the Unique Permit / digital-nomad-style category, property-owner residency, family reunification, pensioner, etc.), or
  • Leave Albania for at least 90 days and re-enter to “reset” your one-year visa-free clock.
• Basics for all other nationalities: Visa for digital mobile workers (D): Albania offers a Long Stay Visa for digital mobile workers who are employed by a foreign company and wish to work remotely in Albania. The Visa for digital mobile workers (D)is typically valid for up to one year.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Visa-free year (tourist status): No formal published minimum income for U.S. citizens. Practically, you should be able to show sufficient funds (bank statements, cards) to support yourself.
  • If you later switch into Albania’s digital-nomad-style “Unique Permit” (Type D): practical guidance from immigration specialists suggests at least ~€450/month or US$9,800/year of verifiable remote income as a working floor.
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: The visa-free year itself isn’t “renewed” in-country like a normal long-stay visa. Instead, your options after ~12 months are to exit Albania and remain outside the country for at least 90 days, then return for another year; or apply for a residence permit (work, retirement, family, investment, or digital mobile worker / Unique Permit) before your year is up, which then gives you multi-year renewable status.
• Estimated Costs: State fees are roughly €50+ for a basic residence permit, with digital-nomad-style permits in the €40–€60+ range plus costs for apostilles, translations, and legal assistance if used.
• Who this is best for: US citizens or digital nomads looking for a low cost base in Europe with plenty to offer on its own
• Link to official info:
  • https://e-visa.al/apply
  • https://albania-evisa.org/albania-long-stay-visa-type-d/
• Similar visas: Georgia – 1-year visa-free stay; Montenegro Digital Nomad Visa; Croatia Digital Nomad Visa

Austria

Why this country: High standard of living, beautiful landscapes, and a classic “independent means” settlement permit for those with substantial assets who don’t need to work locally.

Austria – Settlement Permit (Gainful employment excepted – Independent Means or Pension)

• Basics: Settlement permit for financially independent people (no work in Austria).
• Extra Details: Third-country nationals wishing to settle in Austria without gainful employment (e.g., pensioners, financially independent individuals) may obtain a residence title “settlement permit – gainful employment excepted” (Source).
• Minimum Income Requirement: Rate for “settlement permit – gainful employment excepted” – Single – € 2,547.98; Married couples or registered partnerships – € 4,019.70; Additionally, for each child – € 393,14
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: Renewable annually; can lead to long-term EU residence after 5 years.
• Estimated Costs: Application/issuance fees ≈ €160–€220 (≈ US$185–$250).
• Who this is best for: Well-funded FIRE folks and retirees wanting Schengen access and Alpine life.
• Why this visa: Real EU residence without employment requirements.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Years can count toward long-term EU residence and citizenship, with integration requirements.
• Feedback from applicants: Quota- and region-dependent; immigration specialists are almost mandatory.
• Link to official info:
  • Austria Settlement Permit Categories
• Similar visas: France VLS-TS Visiteur; Italy Elective Residence; Cyprus Category F.

Croatia

Why this country: Adriatic coastline, historic towns, EU membership, and a very clean implementation of DN stay that’s genuinely attractive for 6–12 month stints.

Croatia – Temporary Stay of Digital Nomads – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Temporary stay for non-EU DNs.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Approx. €3,295/month (+10% per dependent) or equivalent savings.
• Length of Stay: Up to 18 months.
• Renewability: Not renewable consecutively; must leave 6 months before re-applying.
• Estimated Costs: Around €60–€100 in stay/card fees (≈ US$70–$115).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting a 6–12 month Adriatic base with an EU-adjacent lifestyle.
• Why this visa: Straightforward 1-year stay with clear requirements and feasible non-tax-resident structuring if planned well.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not itself lead to PR/citizenship; purely temporary stay.
• Feedback from applicants: Generally smooth if documentation is in order; smaller city offices can be easier than Zagreb.
• Link to official info: https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads-286853/286853
• Similar visas Greece DNV; Portugal D8; “Adriatic DN options”.

Cyprus

Why this country: Sunny Mediterranean island with lowish costs, English widely spoken, and both a DN visa and PR-style independent means option.

Cyprus – Digital Nomad Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: DN residence permit for remote workers.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ €3,500/month after tax (+20% spouse, +15%/child).
• Length of Stay: 1-year residence.
• Renewability: Renewable in 2-year increments; may count toward long-term residence if fully resident/tax-resident.
• Estimated Costs: Visa + permit ≈ €100–€200 (≈ US$115–$230).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting an EU island base with decent tax options.
• Why this visa: Clear income rule and potential stepping stone into deeper residence.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: If you stay full-time and pay taxes, years can count toward long-term residence and then citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Positive but quota-limited; local bureaucracy can be slow.
• Link to official info:
  • Official Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa Announcement and Information
  • Original Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa Announcement
  • Application Procedures for the Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa
• Similar visas Greece DNV; Malta NRP; “Mediterranean DN visas”.

Cyprus – Category F Residence – Independent Means / PR-style

• Basics: Permanent residence for persons of independent means.
• Minimum Income Requirement: “Sufficient annual income”, often ~€10,000–15,000+ baseline plus amounts for dependants.
• Length of Stay: PR; no expiry.
• Renewability: PR is indefinite; you just must not be absent too long.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees ≈ €200–€300 (≈ US$230–$345).
• Who this is best for: Independent means expats wanting low-maintenance PR in an EU state.
• Why this visa: One of the simplest EU PR routes for people with moderate income and no work needs.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Direct PR; citizenship possible after sufficient years of residence and integration.
• Feedback from applicants: Processing can be slow, but requirements are clear; lawyers are helpful but not absolutely mandatory.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.mip.gov.cy/dmmip/md.nsf/All/361EAF60051B5A42C22587D500444A9C?OpenDocument
  • https://www.mip.gov.cy/dmmip/md.nsf/all/8690459673E7A011C2258782003A8AB4?opendocument
• Similar visas, Malta PR programs; Portugal D7; “Independent means PR in small EU states”.

Czechia

Why this country: Central European hub with great rail access, good value by EU standards, and a DN program that can morph into residence/PR.

Czechia – Digital Nomad Program – Digital Nomad

• Basics: DN visa for certain IT/remote workers with the option to convert to long-term residence.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ~1.5× Czech average wage (~€2,800–3,200/month; ≈ 69,000 CZK).
• Length of Stay: 1-year visa.
• Renewability: Can convert into long-term residence; residence years may count towards PR.
• Estimated Costs: Visa + residence fees ≈ CZK 2,500–5,000 (≈ €100–€200 / US$115–$230).
• Who this is best for: Higher-earning digital professionals wanting a central EU base with eventual PR potential.
• Why this visa: DN-specific route that’s more structured than classic freelancer visas.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: After residence conversion, 5 years can lead to PR; citizenship later with more residence and the Czech language.
• Feedback from applicants: Complex but navigable; an experienced immigration advisor is strongly recommended.
• Link to official info:
  • Czech Digital Nomad Program | Czech Invest (Government Agency)
  • Full Czech Digital Nomad Program Information Packet
  • Czech Digital Nomad Program Application Instructions (Employee)
  • Czech Digital Nomad Program Application Instructions (Freelancer)
  • Application form for the Czech Digital Nomad Program
  • Czech Digital Nomad Program FAQ
• Similar visas, Estonia DNV; Portugal D8; “Central-European DN + PR pathways”.

Estonia

Why this country: E-residency pioneer with a clear, early DNV that pairs well with remote-first business structuring.

Estonia – Digital Nomad Visa (C & D Types) – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Short-stay (C) and long-stay (D) DN visas.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ ~€3,500–3,600/month gross (around €3,504 current).
• Length of Stay: C: up to 90 days; D: up to 365 days.
• Renewability: D can often be extended once; DN visas themselves don’t count towards PR.
• Estimated Costs: Visa fees ≈ €80–€100 (≈ US$90–$115).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting a Baltic/Nordic flavour and an e-residency-friendly jurisdiction.
• Why this visa: One of the most “cleanly defined” DNVs, ideal for testing Estonia or combining with e-Residency.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Must later switch to a residence permit to begin PR/citizenship clocks.
• Feedback from applicants: Generally modern and efficient; tax/treaty implications are the tricky part.
• Link to official info:
  • Estonian Digital Nomad Visa Overview | Estonian Business and Innovation Agency
  • Estonia e-Residency vs. Estonia Digital Nomad Visa
  • Estonia Digital Nomad Visa Application
  • Estonia Digital Nomad Visa Information | Estonian Embassy
  • Documents Required
• Similar visas, Latvia DN; Romania DN

France

Why this country: High culture, strong healthcare, and a long-stay visitor route that can quietly become a 5-year PR and then citizenship if you commit.

France – VLS-TS “Visiteur” – Independent Means

• Basics: Long-stay visitor visa that converts into a residence permit on arrival.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Sufficient passive income, often ≈ €1,400–1,500/month or more.
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: Renewable annually; years count toward PR and citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Visa ~€99 + tax stamp ~€200–€250 (≈ €300–€350 total / US$345–$400).
• Who this is best for: Independent means expats wanting to live in France without local work.
• Why this visa: Gives full French residence rights and services without employment obligations.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Years on VLS-TS can count toward the 5-year PR and 5-year citizenship residence rules.
• Feedback from applicants: Consulate-by-consulate experience varies; insurance and housing proof are key sticking points.
• Link to official info:
  • https://france-visas.gouv.fr
  • Long Stay Visa Information
  • Validation Procedures in France
  • Online Procedure Portal
• Similar visas, Italy Elective Residence; Austria independent means; “Passive income routes into big EU states”.

Georgia

Why this country: Tech-curious, low-cost Caucasus hub with a unique 1-year visa-free rule for many nationals and genuinely interesting residence/tax structures for solo operators.

Georgia – 1-Year Visa-Free Regime – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Visa-free stay up to 365 days for many nationals (including US).
• Minimum Income Requirement: None formally; must show funds if questioned.
• Length of Stay: Up to 12 months per entry.
• Renewability: Can reset by leaving/re-entering; not treated as formal residence.
• Estimated Costs: No visa fees.
• Who this is best for: Nomads and freelancers who want a low-bureaucracy base while testing in Georgia.
• Why this visa: Essentially a stealth DN visa built into the visa-waiver regime.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Time spent visa-free doesn’t by itself count for PR/cit; residence permits needed.
• Feedback from applicants: Generally easy; border scrutiny may rise if you “reset” repeatedly.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.evisa.gov.ge/GeoVisa
  • https://www.evisa.gov.ge/GeoVisa/en/Home/FAQ
  • Full list of countries qualifying for a one-year, visa-free stay
  • Additional information on the Georgia 1-year visa stay
• Similar to visas, Georgia residence permits, and Armenia’s 180-day long-stay regimes;

Georgia – Investment / HNW Residence Permits – Investor / PR

• Basics: Not quite “visas” but special tax residency statuses and associated residence permits tied to investment (real estate or business) that are paths to PR.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Investment thresholds as per current law (often low six figures).
• Length of Stay: Temporary residence leading to PR after ~5–6 years.
• Renewability: Temporary stages are renewable; PR is indefinite.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees in tens to low hundreds of US dollars. Temporary residence permits require $150,000 of investment as of March 2026, and permanent residence requires $300,000 of investment.
• Who this is best for: Investors and HNW individuals wanting a strategic hub between Europe and Asia with favourable tax options.
• Why this visa: Combines low bureaucracy, low tax, and credible PR/cit options over time.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: After sufficient residence years and integration, you can apply for PR and later citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Generally positive; changing thresholds means you must verify the latest rules.
• Link to official info: https://sda.gov.ge
• Similar visas: Portugal D2; UAE Golden Visa; “Investor residencies in emerging hubs”.

Greece

Why this country: Classic Med lifestyle, improving infrastructure, and both DN and Financially Independent Person routes that can evolve into PR and citizenship if you settle.

Greece – Digital Nomad Visa (Type D + Residence) – Digital Nomad

• Basics: DN visa (Type D) with a convertible residence permit.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ €3,500/month net (+20% spouse, +15% per child).
• Length of Stay: Visa up to 1 year; residence permit for up to 2 years.
• Renewability: Residence renewals possible; years can count towards PR and citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Application ≈ €75 + €150 admin ≈ €225 (≈ US$260).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers who want a genuine Med lifestyle with a path to long-term EU settlement.
• Why this visa: One of the more generous DNVs in terms of eventual PR potential.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: 5–7 years of legal residence typically for PR; ~7+ years for citizenship, with integration.
• Feedback from applicants: Greek bureaucracy is slow but manageable; strong local legal guidance helps.
• Link to official info:
  • https://migration.gov.gr
  • Type D Visa Official Information Page
• Similar visas, Cyprus DN; Portugal D8; “Mediterranean DN + PR routes”.

Greece – Financially Independent Person (FIP) Permit – Independent Means

• Basics: Residence permit for individuals with sufficient passive income.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≈ €2,000/month (+20% spouse, +15% per child).
• Length of Stay: 2-year permit.
• Renewability: Renewable in 3-year blocks; counts to PR/citizenship with long-term residence.
• Estimated Costs: About €150–€250 (≈ US$170–$290).
• Who this is best for: Passive-income expats wanting long-term Greek/EU life without local work.
• Why this visa: Cheaper and sometimes easier than the DN route if you have a stable passive income.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Residence years under FIP contribute to the PR/cit timeline similar to DN residence.
• Feedback from applicants: Documentation (proof of income, rental contracts) is the main hurdle; once in, renewals are workable.
• Link to official info: https://migration.gov.gr
• Similar visas: Italy Elective Residence; France Visiteur; “Independent means residence along the Med”.

Hungary

Why this country: Central European values, lovely old towns and countryside, and a “White Card” DNV for non-EU remote workers.

Hungary – White Card – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Residence permit for digital nomads.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ €3,000/month net for at least 6 months before application.
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: Extendable once (max ≈ 2 years); PR requires a later status change.
• Estimated Costs: Residence fees ≈ HUF 30,000–50,000 (≈ €80–€130 / US$90–$145).
• Who this is best for: Remote tech and knowledge workers wanting a 1–2 year base in Central Europe.
• Why this visa: Clear DN category in an affordable EU country.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Time on White Card alone doesn’t directly give PR; you’d later transition to another residence type.
• Feedback from applicants: Process is structured; main challenge is proving income/employment terms.
• Link to official info:
  • Official Information Sheet for the Hungarian White Card and Digital Nomad Visa
  • https://www.oif.gov.hu
• Similar visas, Czech DN program; Romania DN; “DN cards in Central-Eastern Europe”.

Iceland

Why this country: Spectacular landscapes, Nordic governance, and a very high-bar DN visa that effectively filters for high earners.

Iceland – Long-Term Visa for Remote Workers – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Long-term visa allowing remote work while in Iceland.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ 1,000,000 ISK/month (≈ US$7,000–$8,000) or 1,300,000 ISK with spouse.
• Length of Stay: Up to 180 days within 12 months.
• Renewability: Not renewable; no PR credit.
• Estimated Costs: Visa fee ~ISK 12,000–15,000 (≈ US$90–$110).
• Who this is best for: High earners wanting a 3–6 month “bucket list” stay rather than relocating permanently.
• Why this visa: Legal route to live and work remotely in Iceland for a significant stretch.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not count toward permanent residence or citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Clear and well-documented; the income bar is the main gate.
• Link to official info:
  • Official site for the Icelandic Long-term Visa for Remote Work
  • https://utl.is/en/who-we-are/long-term-visa-for-remote-workers
• Similar visas, Norway long stays (if later launched); Estonia DNV; “Short-term DN visas in high-cost countries”.

Italy

Why this country: Massive lifestyle brand, deep culture, and now both a DN/remote worker visa and an elective residence visa for the independent means crowd.

Italy – Digital Nomad / Remote Worker Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: DN visa for remote workers with sufficient income and professional standing.
• Minimum Income Requirement: About €25,000–28,000/year (~€2,100–2,400/month), ~3× health contribution threshold.
• Length of Stay: Up to 1-year visa.
• Renewability: Renewable; residence years can count toward PR (EU long-term) and citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Visa ~€90–€120 + permesso fees ~€100–€200 (total ≈ €190–€320 / US$220–$370).
• Who this is best for: Higher-earning professionals wanting to base themselves in Italy while keeping foreign employment.
• Why this visa: Long-awaited legal route for the many people already working remotely from Italy.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: With real residence, 5 years can lead to EU long-term residence; 10 years are usually needed for citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: New and somewhat fragmented; regional interpretation will matter a lot.
• Link to official info:
  • Announcement of the Italian Digital Nomad Visa | Italian Embassy
  • https://vistoperitalia.esteri.it
• Similar visas: Spain DNV; Portugal D8; “Western European DN visas”.

Italy – Elective Residence Visa – Independent Means / Retirement

• Basics: Residence for people with significant passive income who will not work locally.
• Minimum Income Requirement: High passive income; consulates often expect ≥ €31,000–35,000/year or more for singles.
• Length of Stay: 1-year residence.
• Renewability: Renewable; leads to long-term residence and citizenship with sufficient continuous stay.
• Estimated Costs: Similar to above – ≈ €190–€320 in gov fees.
• Who this is best for: Wealthier retirees/FIRE folks wanting full-time Italian life, not constant moving.
• Why this visa: Straight route to Italian residence for those with solid passive income.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: 5 years of continuous residence → EU long-term residence; ~10 years → citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Strict consulates; proof of income and housing are heavily scrutinised.
• Link to official info:
  • Elective Residency Official Information | Italian Consulate to New York
  • https://vistoperitalia.esteri.it
• Similar visas: France Visiteur; Greece FIP; “Passive-income visas into big EU lifestyle markets”.

Latvia

Why this country: Baltic EU state, relatively low cost, with a remote-worker residence permit pegged to a high but clear income number.

Latvia – Remote Worker / Digital Nomad Residence – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Residence permit for foreign remote employees of non-Latvian companies.
• Minimum Income Requirement: 2.5× Latvian average salary (~€3,300–4,200/month).
• Length of Stay: 1-year permit.
• Renewability: Extendable to 2 years total; then you typically shift to another status.
• Estimated Costs: Residence fees ≈ €100–€200 (≈ US$115–$230).
• Who this is best for: Well-paid remote employees wanting a Baltic/EU base for 1–2 years.
• Why this visa: Clear remote-worker design within an EU member state.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Residence years can count toward PR if you later secure a standard long-term permit.
• Feedback from applicants: Newish and somewhat niche; paperwork is manageable if income proof is strong.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/en/article/obtaining-long-stay-visa-remote-work
  • https://www.pmlp.gov.lv
• Similar visas, Estonia DNV; Romania DN; “Baltic DN path options”.

Malta

Why this country: Tiny EU island with strong English usage, robust financial services, and both DN and residency programs for independent means/HNW individuals.

Malta – Nomad Residence Permit (NRP) – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Residence permit for remote workers, contractors, and freelancers.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ €42,000/year (~€3,500/month).
• Length of Stay: 1-year permit.
• Renewability: Renewable case-by-case; not marketed as a PR track.
• Estimated Costs: Application about €300 + card fees ~€27.50 (≈ €330–€350 / US$380–$400).
• Who this is best for: DN professionals wanting a small, English-speaking, EU base with mild winters.
• Why this visa: Simple, DN-specific program with a clear income floor.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Not intended as PR; for long-term settlement, you’d use ordinary residence/PR programs.
• Feedback from applicants: Process is organised; housing cost is the main pain point.
• Link to official info:
  • Malta Nomad Residency Home
  • Eligibility for the Malta Nomad Residency
  • Malta Nomad Residency FAQ
  • About Malta: Information for Nomads Considering Malta
  • Malta Nomad Residency Application Checklist
  • General Information
  • Complete Guide to Malta for Digital Nomads
  • https://residencymalta.gov.mt/overview-nomad-residence-permit
• Similar visas, Cyprus DN; Portugal D8; “Island DN visas in the EU”.

Malta – Ordinary Residence / Malta PR Programs – Independent Means / PR

• Basics: Ordinary residence (tax-resident) and separate PR schemes for investors/independent means.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Varies; includes rental or property purchase and proof of income/assets; PR involves contribution + property.
• Length of Stay: Ordinary residence renewable; PR is indefinite.
• Renewability: Ordinary residence renewed; PR has no end date.
• Estimated Costs: PR contributions often €30,000–€40,000+; ordinary residence is standard visa fees + local taxes.
• Who this is best for: Higher-net-worth expats wanting EU PR in a small, English-speaking state.
• Why this visa: Combines EU PR with favourable tax structuring.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: PR is direct; citizenship is possible via residence (and, separately, via investment programs).
• Feedback from applicants: Heavily mediated by law firms; governance is clear but expensive.
• Link to official info: https://residencymalta.gov.mt
• Similar visas: Cyprus PR; Portugal Golden/D7; “PR via contribution in small EU states”.

Montenegro

Montenegro is like a quieter, cheaper “little Croatia”: Adriatic coastline, dramatic mountains, and increasingly good infrastructure at a lower cost than most of the EU. It’s not in Schengen (yet), but is an EU candidate, which makes it attractive for people who want a European base that still feels undiscovered.

Montenegro Digital Nomad Visa

• Basics: Montenegro’s Digital Nomad Visa is actually a temporary residence permit created by its “Programme for Attracting Digital Nomads.” It lets non-EU citizens who work remotely for a foreign employer or their own foreign-registered company live in Montenegro while working online, with no local employment. You normally enter visa-free (for U.S. citizens) or on the appropriate entry visa, then apply in-country at the Ministry of Interior for a digital-nomad temporary residence permit.
• Minimum Income Requirement: roughly €17,000+ per year (≈€1,450–€1,600/month)
• Length of Stay: Up to 2 years
• Renewability: You can extend the permit once for up to another 2 years (total of up to 4 years). After a permit expires, you must wait 6 months before applying for a new one.
• Estimated Costs: Core government fees are around €25 for the residence card, plus small administrative/ID-card issuance charges. Including translations, notarizations, apostilles and possible agency/legal help, plan on €100–€300 total for the entire process
• Who this is best for:
  • Remote employees and freelancers who want a low-cost European base with easy access to the Balkans and the rest of Europe.
  • People who like the idea of “Croatia-adjacent” scenery (Kotor, Budva, Durmitor) but at lower price points.
  • Families who want to come together under one permit: spouses and dependent children can join under family reunification for the same duration as the main applicant.
• Why this visa:
  • Longer stay than many EU DNVs: up to 2 years + 2-year extension, rather than only 1 year at a time
  • Tax-friendly intent: current guidance from specialist firms and platforms indicates that foreign-sourced income under the digital nomad permit is exempt from Montenegrin income tax, making this one of the more attractive tax setups in Europe (still confirm with a local advisor before relying on this).
  • Lifestyle: small, scenic, relatively safe country with growing coworking and expat communities, especially in Podgorica, Kotor, Budva, and coastal towns.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Time on the digital nomad residence permit does not clearly provide a direct path to permanent residence or citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants:
  • The requirements are clear but documentation-heavy (income proof, contracts, insurance, and accommodation).
  • Processing is reasonable (around 4–8 weeks) but can vary by local office.
• Link to official info:
  • https://digitalnomads.gov.me/

Similar visas: Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa, Croatia Digital Nomad Permit, Portugal D8, Slovenia Digital Nomad Visa (from November 2025), and other EU-adjacent “low tax, long stay” digital nomad schemes.

Portugal

Why this country: Mild climate, strong safety, good healthcare, and perhaps the single most talked-about mix of DN and passive/lifestyle visas in Europe.

Portugal – D8 Digital Nomad (Remote Work) Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: DNV for remote workers/self-employed, followed by a residence permit.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ ~€3,480/month (4× minimum wage in 2025).
• Length of Stay: 1-year visa; residence permit 2 years, then 3-year renewals.
• Renewability: Renewable; PR and citizenship after 5 years of residence if criteria are met.
• Estimated Costs: Visa + residence card ≈ €180–€350 (≈ US$205–$400).
• Who this is best for: Higher-earning remote workers who want a “soft landing” into EU long-term residence.
• Why this visa: Strong combo of lifestyle, clear path to PR/citizenship, and DN-specific framing.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: After 5 years of legal residence (D8 or other), you can apply for PR/citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Overburdened bureaucracy is the main issue; otherwise, very popular.
• Link to official info:
  • https://aima.gov.pt
  • Visa Types
  • Portugal e-Visa Portal
  • Where to apply for a Portuguese visa
• Similar visas Spain DNV; Greece DNV; “EU DN visas with PR after 5 years”.

Portugal – D7 Passive Income Visa – Independent Means / Passive

• Basics: Residence visa for retirees and those with passive income.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≈ 1× Portuguese minimum wage (~€870/month) plus dependants.
• Length of Stay: Residence permit 2 years, then 3-year renewals.
• Renewability: Renewable; PR/cit after 5 years residence.
• Estimated Costs: Similar band as D8 – ≈ €180–€350.
• Who this is best for: Retirees, FIRE folks, and passive-income expats wanting an affordable EU base.
• Why this visa: Lower income bar than D8, with the same excellent 5-year PR/cit path.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: 5 years of residence yields eligibility for PR/citizenship (with language and integration requirements).
• Feedback from applicants: Extremely popular; delays and regional differences are the main headaches.
• Link to official info:
  • List of National Visas
  • Documentation Required for Application
  • Application
  • Where to Apply
• Similar visas: Italy Elective Residence; Spain NLV; “Passive income residencies in Europe”.

Portugal – D2 Entrepreneur Visa – Entrepreneur / Business

• Basics: Residence for entrepreneurs, freelancers, and small businesses.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No fixed number; must show viable business plan, contracts, and funds (often >€1,000–1,500/month).
• Length of Stay: Residence 2 years, then 3-year renewals.
• Renewability: Renewable; PR/cit after 5 years residence.
• Estimated Costs: Same general band ≈ €180–€350.
• Who this is best for: Founders and freelancers whose activities are more entrepreneurial than pure remote employment.
• Why this visa: Gives you the right to create and run a business in Portugal with a strong PR/citizenship path.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Same 5-year rule as D7/D8.
• Feedback from applicants: Strong business case and supporting evidence are key; bureaucracy remains the bottleneck.
• Link to official info:
  • List of National Visas
  • Documentation Required for Application
  • Application
  • Where to Apply
• Similar visas: Estonia e-residency + business; Georgia investor residence; “Entrepreneur residencies in Europe”.

Romania

Why this country: One of the best cost-of-living vs infrastructure ratios in the EU, with a DN visa pegged to a high-but-clear income threshold.

Romania Long Stay Visa “D” Digital Nomad Visa

• Basics: Long-stay visa and residence for digital nomads.
• Minimum Income Requirement: 3× avg gross salary (~€3,500–3,800/month).
• Length of Stay: Up to 1 year.
• Renewability: Renewable; residence can count toward PR and citizenship if resident/tax-resident.
• Estimated Costs: Visa + permit ~€100–€200 (≈ US$115–$230).
• Who this is best for: High-earning nomads wanting low living costs but EU residency.
• Why this visa: Strong arbitrage between required income and local costs.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: With full residence and tax registration, years contribute to standard PR/cit timelines.
• Feedback from applicants: Still relatively niche; documentation is the main hurdle.
• Link to official info:
  • https://igi.mai.gov.ro
  • Romania Digital Nomad Visa Homepage
• Similar visas: Hungary White Card, Latvia DN, “Eastern European DN visas”.

Slovenia (Launch in Process)

Why this country: Small, very green, high-quality-of-life EU country with a DN visa in the pipeline—good to flag as “coming online” in future updates.

Slovenia – Digital Nomad Visa – Digital Nomad (Legislation adopted; launching)

• Basics: DN visa legislation adopted; scheme launched in November 2025.
• Minimum Income Requirement: TBD; expected to be tied to the average Slovene wage (mid-EU).
• Length of Stay: Draft indicates up to 12 months.
• Renewability: Details on renewability and PR credit pending full implementation.
• Estimated Costs: Likely in standard national visa range (~€80–€120) plus residence permit fees.
• Who this is best for: Nomads wanting an Alpine/Adriatic EU base once the program goes live.
• Why this visa: Adds another DN option in a high-quality little EU state.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: To be confirmed once the residence framework is published.
• Feedback from applicants: N/A – Program was activated November 25, 2025
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.gov.si
  • Official Announcement of the Slovenian Digital Nomad Visa
  • Diplomatic missions accepting applications for the Slovenian Digital Nomad Visa
  • Administrative units inside Slovenia accepting applications for Digital Nomad Visas
• Similar visas Croatia DN; Austria independent means; “Slovenia/EU DN watchers”.

Spain

Why this country: Incredibly popular with expats, great climate variety, and well-defined NLV and DNV routes into residence and PR/citizenship.

Spain – International Telework / Digital Nomad Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Visa and residence for remote workers and entrepreneurs.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≈ €2,600–2,800/month (≈ 200% SMI; updated annually).
• Length of Stay: Visa → 1-year residence; then 2-year renewals up to 5 years.
• Renewability: Renewable; years count toward PR (5y) and citizenship (10y normally).
• Estimated Costs: National visa ~€80–€120 + TIE card ~€15–€30 (≈ €100–€160 total / US$115–$185).
• Who this is best for: Remote professionals wanting a Med or Atlantic EU base with serious settlement routes.
• Why this visa: Clear DN framing, good durations, and access to Spain’s cities/coasts/islands.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: 5 years of residence for long-term residence; typically 10 years for citizenship (faster for some LATAM nationals).
• Feedback from applicants: Strong demand; processing bottlenecks in some consulates and extranjería offices.
• Link to official info:
  • Spanish Teleworker Visa Official Information Page
  • Spanish Digital Nomad Visa Official Information Page
  • https://www.exteriores.gob.es
• Similar visas Portugal D8; Greece DNV; “Best DN visas for long-term EU settlement”.

Spain – Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) – Independent Means / Passive

• Basics: Residence for those with sufficient passive income and no local work.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≈ €2,800+/month solo + ~€700/month per dependent (≈ 400% IPREM main applicant).
• Length of Stay: 1-year residence.
• Renewability: Renewals in 2-year increments; long-term residence possible after 5 years.
• Estimated Costs: Similar to DNV – ≈ €100–€170 total (visa + card).
• Who this is best for: Retirees and FIRE folks who can live off passive income and want full Spanish residence.
• Why this visa: Classic route into Spanish life without employment.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Same 5/10-year pattern as DNV for PR/citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Strongly consulate-dependent; financial documentation is scrutinised.
• Link to official info: https://www.exteriores.gob.es
• Similar visas: Portugal D7; Italy Elective Residence; “Passive-income pathways into Spain/Portugal/Italy”.

Click here for the ABA resource on the Spanish Non-Lucrative visa

(Jump back to the table of contents)

ASIA

Indonesia

Why this country: Massive, diverse archipelago (with Bali as the global star) where many nomads already stay long-term via tourist/business visas—Second Home finally gives a long-stay option for higher-net-worth expats.

Indonesia – Second Home Visa (E33 Visa Rumah Kedua Limited Stay Permit (KITAS))

• Basics: 5- or 10-year long-stay visa tied to asset/deposit requirements.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Large bank deposit or property ownership (e.g., ≥ IDR 2 billion deposit; check current threshold).
• Length of Stay: 5 or 10 years.
• Renewability: Renewable while conditions are met.
• Estimated Costs: Visa + stay permit fees in the several million IDR range (hundreds of US$).
• Who this is best for: Higher-net-worth expats who want a long-term Bali/Indonesia base without standard work permits.
• Why this visa: Offers much more stability than stringing together VoAs or social visas.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Long-stay visa but not PR; Indonesian citizenship is very difficult for most foreigners.
• Feedback from applicants: Rules are evolving; reputable local agents are almost required.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.imigrasi.go.id
  • Indonesian Immigration Second Home Visa Press Release
  • Additional Press Release from Indonesian Immigration on Second Home Visa
  • Indonesian Immigration Second Home Visa FAQ
  • Online Application Portal for Second Home Visa (and all other visas)
• Similar visas: Malaysia MM2H; Thailand LTR; Indonesian Golden Visa.

Japan

Why this country: High safety, elite infrastructure, and huge lifestyle appeal—Japan’s DNV finally gives high-earning remote workers a legal way to stay for 6 months without enrolment or corporate sponsorship.

Japan – Digital Nomad Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Digital nomad visa for high-earning remote workers from select countries.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ ¥10 million/year (~US$65,000–$70,000).
• Length of Stay: Up to 6 months.
• Renewability: Not renewable consecutively; must leave between stays.
• Estimated Costs: Standard visa fees ¥3,000–¥6,000 (≈ US$20–$40).
• Who this is best for: Well-paid remote professionals wanting a single, deep 3–6 month immersion in Japan.
• Why this visa: Creates an official DN lane in one of the world’s most demanded destinations.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not count toward PR (which requires long-term residence status and years of stay).
• Feedback from applicants: New program; expect strict documentation and strong emphasis on private health insurance.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.isa.go.jp
• Other Great Info: Japanese Digital Nomad Visa Guide by A Brother Abroad
• Similar visas, South Korea Workation F-1-D; Estonia DNV; “High-income DN visas in developed countries”.

Malaysia

Why this country: Incredible food, very good infrastructure, English widely spoken, and overlapping options for digital nomads, retirees, second-home seekers, and HNW folks at different price points.

Malaysia – DE Rantau Nomad Pass – Digital Nomad

• Basics: DN pass run by MDEC for digital professionals.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ US$24,000/year (~US$2,000/month).
• Length of Stay: Up to 12 months.
• Renewability: Renewable once (max ≈ 24 months); no PR track by itself.
• Estimated Costs: Program fees around MYR 1,000–1,500 (≈ US$210–$320) plus dependants.
• Who this is best for: Remote workers in IT/online sectors wanting 1–2 years in KL, Penang, or other Malaysian cities.
• Why this visa: Mid-range income bar, sensible fees, and strong infrastructure value.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Not a PR route; long-term settlement goes via MM2H, S-MM2H, PVIP, or work permits.
• Feedback from applicants: Early feedback is that the process is organised, but questions about eligible professions come up frequently.
• Link to official info: https://mdec.my/derantau
• Similar visas Thailand DTV; Indonesia Second Home (for HNW); “SE Asia digital nomad passes”.

Malaysia – Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H – Federal) – Long-Stay / Second-Home

• Basics: Long-stay social visit pass for foreign second-home residents.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Current rules: high income + fixed deposit (e.g., RM 40,000/month income + RM 1M FD, per tier).
• Length of Stay: 5–10 years, depending on tier.
• Renewability: Renewable if criteria continue to be met.
• Estimated Costs: Gov fees often RM 5,000–10,000+ total (≈ US$1,050–$2,100) excluding agent fees.
• Who this is best for: Higher-income retirees and families wanting a flexible, long-term Asian base.
• Why this visa: One of the longest-duration, family-friendly second-home schemes in Asia.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Not PR; time doesn’t automatically convert to citizenship, though many long-term MM2Hers embed deeply.
• Feedback from applicants: Frequent policy changes; the program is good, but moving target thresholds frustrate applicants.
• Link to official info:
  • Official Malaysian Immigration Guidelines for the Malaysia My Second Home Visa
  • Official Program Guide for the Malaysian My Second Home Visa
• Similar visas: Sarawak MM2H; Malaysia PVIP; Thailand LTR; “Second-home visas in Asia”.

Malaysia – Sarawak MM2H (S-MM2H) – Long-Stay / Second-Home

• Basics: State-level second home scheme with softer requirements than federal MM2H.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Lower monthly income (e.g., RM 7,000–10,000/month) plus smaller fixed deposits.
• Length of Stay: 5-year pass.
• Renewability: Renewable when conditions are met.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees about RM 5,000–8,000 (≈ US$1,050–$1,680) for principal + dependents.
• Who this is best for: Long-stay expats keen on Borneo (Kuching, nature) and friendlier thresholds.
• Why this visa: More reachable than federal MM2H while still giving long-term stay security.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Not a direct PR path, but a very useful long-stay status.
• Feedback from applicants: Perceived as more flexible, but information is more scattered; agents are almost standard.
• Link to official info:
  • Sarawak Tourism Board overview of Malaysia My Second Home Sarawak
  • Program Overview
  • FAQs
  • Application Requirements
• Similar visas: Federal MM2H; Indonesia Second Home; “Borneo second-home options”.

Malaysia – Premium Visa Program (PVIP) – Long-Stay / Premium

• Basics: 20-year high-end social visit pass for HNW individuals.
• Minimum Income Requirement: High net-worth + income requirements, including a large FD per current rules.
• Length of Stay: 20 years.
• Renewability: Renewable at term, subject to ongoing conditions.
• Estimated Costs: Participation fee around RM 200,000+ (≈ US$42,000+) plus annual fees.
• Who this is best for: HNW families wanting a long-horizon Asian base with tax and schooling advantages.
• Why this visa: Exceptional duration and flexibility, especially relative to cost-of-living and regional connectivity.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Long-stay but not PR; emphasises lifestyle and mobility rather than passport acquisition.
• Feedback from applicants: Very new and high-end; legal and agent support is assumed.
• Link to official info:
  • Official Malaysian Visa and Immigration Site
  • Official Malaysia e-Visa site
  • Official Malaysian PVIP visa portal
  • https://malaysiavisa.imi.gov.my/
• Similar visas: UAE Golden Visa; Thailand LTR; “Ultra-long-stay HNW visas”.

Philippines

Why this country: Friendly, English-speaking culture, low cost of living, and a long history of hosting foreign retirees and expats. The Philippines now combines one of Asia’s more flexible long-stay tourist regimes, a brand-new Digital Nomad Visa, and one of the most accessible “quasi-permanent” retirement programs (the SRRV)

Philippines Digital Nomad Visa

• Basics: The Philippines’ new Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) is a non-immigrant visa created by Executive Order No. 86 (2025). It allows eligible foreign remote workers and freelancers to live in the Philippines for 12 months while working exclusively for clients/employers outside the Philippines. The visa can be issued via the country’s e-visa system and is designed specifically for remote professionals using digital technologies.
• Minimum Income Requirement: $2,000 per month, $24,000 annually
• Length of Stay: 12 months
• Renewability: Renewable for an additional 12 months
• Estimated Costs: Expect a government visa fee in the low-hundreds of U.S. dollars (roughly ~US$200–300) plus standard e-visa processing fees, depending on reciprocity with your home country
• Who this is best for: Anyone looking for a low-cost base in Southeast Asia, and lovers of sunshine and island life; Nomads who value English-speaking communities, low costs, and strong local talent (e.g., VAs, BPO, tech); People wanting to test the Philippines seriously for 1–2 years before considering something more permanent (marriage, SRRV, investment, etc.)
• Why this visa: This long stay visa offers one of the longest stays among its neighbours, as Bali (Indonesia), Thailand, and Vietnam only offer stays of 6 months, and year-long stays come with process and bureaucracy. Manila is simultaneously a low-cost location while having cheap-ish air transport to everywhere else in Asia.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: The Philippines DNV is a temporary, non-immigrant visa and does not by itself confer permanent residence or a direct track to citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants:
• Link to official info:
  • Philippines e-Visa Portal
  • Philippines e-Via Application Portal
• Similar visas:

Philippines – SRRV (Special Resident Retiree’s Visa) – Retirement / PR-like

• Basics: Retirement residency that functions like permanent residence as long as conditions are maintained.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Deposit + pension combinations (e.g., US$10,000–50,000 deposit depending on age/pension).
• Length of Stay: Indefinite, with annual fees and deposit maintained.
• Renewability: No normal expiry; preserved so long as conditions are met.
• Estimated Costs: Application fees ≈ US$1,400+ plus ongoing annual fees.
• Who this is best for: Retirees wanting an English-speaking, low-cost base with easy integration.
• Why this visa: One of the cheapest global ways to obtain PR-like status at relatively young ages.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Operates like PR; citizenship is possible later with continuous residence and legal process.
• Feedback from applicants: Historically popular; program has had pauses and tweaks; PRA and competent agents are key.
• Link to official info: https://pra.gov.ph
• Similar visas: Panama Pensionado; Costa Rica Pensionado; “Retiring abroad on US$1–2k/month”.

South Korea

Why this country: Techy, fast, safe, and culturally rich; the new workation visa lets high earners live in Korea for up to a year while working remotely abroad.

South Korea – Workation Visa (F-1-D) – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Remote-work / workation visa for foreign employees/contractors.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Minimum $65,800 per year or $5,483 per month after tax deduction to apply for this visa.
• Length of Stay: Up to 1 year.
• Renewability: Extension possible; intended as a visitor/workation rather than long-term residency.
• Estimated Costs: Visa fees ≈ KRW 40,000–80,000 (≈ US$30–$60).
• Who this is best for: High-earning remote employees wanting to immerse themselves in Seoul/Busan for 6–12 months.
• Why this visa: Clear DN-style legal footing in a country that previously required student/work permits.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not lead to PR; PR is via other long-term visas.
• Feedback from applicants: Very new; expect strict employer/income documentation, but fast processing once accepted.
• Link to official info:
  • Official Korean Immigration and Visa Portal
  • Korea Digital Nomad Visa Information Page
• Similar visas Japan DNV; Estonia DNV; “High-income DN visas in developed Asia”.

Thailand

Why this country: Perhaps the world’s most popular nomad destination, with everything from cheap tourist stays to 10-year elite residencies, plus new DN-ish options like the DTV.

Thailand – LTR “Work-From-Thailand Professional” – Temp Residency (High-Income Remote Worker)

• Basics: Long-Term Resident visa category for high-income remote workers.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Generally US$80,000/year (some concessions for high-skill roles).
• Length of Stay: 10 years (5+5).
• Renewability: Renewable within the LTR framework.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fee THB 50,000 (≈ US$1,500).
• Who this is best for: Senior remote professionals/executives wanting a decade of stability in Thailand.
• Why this visa: Long duration, relatively predictable rules, and options for tax planning.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: A true residence class; time may contribute toward PR/citizenship if you fulfil other conditions.
• Feedback from applicants: BOI-managed, professional but formal; the main challenge is meeting and proving the income/employer criteria.
• Link to official info: https://ltr.boi.go.th
• Similar visas: UAE Golden Visa; Malaysia PVIP; “10-year long-stay visas”.

Thailand – Destination Thailand Visa (DTV) – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Lifestyle/long-stay visa for slow travellers, some remote workers, and “Thailand enthusiasts.”
• Minimum Income Requirement: No single global minimum; must show funds and fit an eligible activity category.
• Length of Stay: Up to 180 days per entry, extendable to 360 days in some cases.
• Renewability: Multiple entries within overall validity; visitor-class, not residence.
• Estimated Costs: Visa fee ≈ THB 10,000+ (≈ US$300+), consulate-dependent.
• Who this is best for: Slow travellers and part-time nomads wanting more time than tourist visas provide.
• Why this visa: Bridges the gap between short tourist visits and full residency without heavy obligations.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: No PR/cit credit; purely a long-stay visitor flexibility.
• Feedback from applicants: New, with evolving guidance; expect tweaks.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.thaievisa.go.th
  • https://www.thaievisa.go.th/visa/dtv-visa
• Similar visas in Costa Rica, Estancia; Mexico long visitor stays; “Lifestyle visas in SE Asia”.

Thailand – Retirement Visas (Non-Imm O / O-A / O-X) – Retirement

• Basics: Suite of visas for age 50+ retirees.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Typically 800,000 THB in a Thai bank or 65,000 THB/month income, plus other conditions; stricter for O-A/O-X.
• Length of Stay: O/O-A: 1-year extensions; O-X: up to 10 years (5+5).
• Renewability: Renewable while financial and reporting requirements are met.
• Estimated Costs: Visa fees approx THB 2,000–10,000 (≈ US$60–$300) plus extension charges.
• Who this is best for: Retirees prioritising warm climate, affordable healthcare, and strong expat infrastructure.
• Why this visa: Multiple variants, a major expat community, and decades of “how-to” knowledge online.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Long-term presence can support PR/citizenship applications, but approval is far from automatic.
• Feedback from applicants: Financial proof and police/medical documentation are the main hurdles; yearly extension rituals are part of the lifestyle.
• Link to official info: https://www.immigration.go.th
• Similar visas Malaysia MM2H; Philippines SRRV; “Retirement in SE Asia”.

Thailand – LTR “Wealthy Global Citizen / Wealthy Pensioner” – Long-Term Residency

• Basics: LTR categories targeting HNW individuals and wealthy pensioners.
• Minimum Income Requirement: High asset and/or income thresholds (e.g., US$1M+ assets plus strong income/pension).
• Length of Stay: 10 years.
• Renewability: Renewable within the LTR regime.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fee THB 50,000 (≈ US$1,500).
• Who this is best for: HNW individuals seeking “set and forget” residence in Thailand with VIP treatment.
• Why this visa: Combines long validity, multiple-entry, and favourable treatment in certain administrative processes.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Adds significant weight to later PR/citizenship applications if you truly reside.
• Feedback from applicants: Tailored to the high-net-worth segment; heavily mediated by law firms.
• Link to official info: https://ltr.boi.go.th
• Similar visas: Malaysia PVIP; UAE Golden Visa; “HNW long-term visas in Asia”.

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CENTRAL AMERICA

Costa Rica

Why this country: Classic eco-destination with strong expat communities, political stability, solid infrastructure, and multiple well-defined residencies (Pensionado, Rentista) plus a modern digital nomad “Estancia”.

Costa Rica – Estancia for Remote Workers & Service Providers – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Digital nomad “Estancia” for foreign remote workers.
• Minimum Income Requirement: US$3,000/month solo or US$4,000/month for families.
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: Renewable once (max ≈ 2 years); does not count as residence for PR.
• Estimated Costs: Gov fees roughly US$200–$300.
• Who this is best for: Remote workers and families wanting a 12–24 month Costa Rica test-drive without committing to residence.
• Why this visa: Simple, DN-specific status with tax incentives and longer stay than tourist entries.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Estancia time doesn’t apply to PR; long-term routes are Pensionado, Rentista, Investor, etc.
• Feedback from applicants: Initially slow but improving; paperwork and translations must be precise.
• Link to official info:
  • https://migracion.go.cr/nomadas-digitales
  • https://www.racsa.go.cr/blog/s/
• Similar visas: Panama Remote Worker Visa; Mexico Temporary Resident; “Nature-focused DN visas”.

Costa Rica – Pensionado – Retirement / Pensionado

• Basics: Residency for foreign retirees with a guaranteed pension.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ US$1,000/month lifetime pension.
• Length of Stay: 2-year temporary residence.
• Renewability: Renewable; commonly used until PR.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees ≈ US$250–$400 plus mandatory Caja healthcare enrolment.
• Who this is best for: Retirees wanting a green, stable base with access to healthcare and established expat towns.
• Why this visa: Low pension threshold plus a clear, documented path to permanent residence.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Usually eligible for PR after 3 years in a residency category; citizenship possible after further years of residence.
• Feedback from applicants: Bureaucratic but standardised; most people use a local lawyer/gestor.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.migracion.go.cr
  • https://migracion.go.cr/regularizacion-migratoria
• Similar visas: Panama Pensionado; Philippines SRRV; “Retirement in eco-destinations”.

Costa Rica – Rentista – Independent Means

• Basics: Temporary residence for those with a reliable income or a qualifying deposit.
• Minimum Income Requirement: US$2,500/month for 2 years OR US$60,000 deposit in a CR bank.
• Length of Stay: 2-year temporary residence.
• Renewability: Renewable; counts toward PR.
• Estimated Costs: Similar to Pensionado – ≈ US$250–$400 in gov fees.
• Who this is best for: Self-employed, early retirees, and FIRE folks without a lifetime pension yet.
• Why this visa: Flexible approach (income OR deposit) with a clear PR path.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: After about 3 years of residency (Rentista/Pensionado/Investor), you can apply for PR; citizenship later with more presence.
• Feedback from applicants: Deposit route is common; process is document-heavy but predictable.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.migracion.go.cr
  • https://migracion.go.cr/regularizacion-migratoria
• Similar visas: Argentina Rentista; Portugal D7; “Independent means visas in the Americas”.

Mexico

Why this country: Huge, diverse, close to the US, and home to one of the most-used solvency-based temporary residencies on Earth—plus tons of nomad hubs (CDMX, Oaxaca, Mérida, etc.).

Mexico – Temporary Resident – Economic Solvency – Temp Residency

• Basics: Temporary residence based on income or assets, widely used by nomads and early retirees.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Typically ~US$2,600–3,000/month income OR ~US$45,000–50,000 in savings/investments (varies by consulate).
• Length of Stay: 1–4 years as a temporary resident.
• Renewability: Renewable; usually can convert to permanent residency after 4 years.
• Estimated Costs: Consular visa ≈ US$50–$60; INM card ≈ MXN 4,000–9,000 (≈ US$235–$530) → total about US$300–$600.
• Who this is best for: Remote workers, FIRE-minded expats, and families seeking long stays with US proximity.
• Why this visa: Clear financial formula, many success stories, and a direct route to PR and later citizenship.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: PR typically available after 4 years as TR; citizenship often after 5 years residence (or faster via some routes).
• Feedback from applicants: Highly consulate-dependent; solvency thresholds and interpretations change annually.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.gob.mx/inm
  • Economic Solvency Visa information PDF
  • Official Mexican Government Site for Permanent Residency via Economic Solvency
• Similar visas Colombia DN + M-type; Portugal D7; “Best solvency-based residencies for Americans”.

Panama

Why this country: Dollarized economy, major airline hub, strong financial sector, and a stack of famous expat programs (Pensionado, Friendly Nations) plus a remote worker visa.

Panama – Short-Stay Visa for Remote Workers (Visa de Corta Estancia para Trabajadores Remotos de Panamá) – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Short-stay visa tailored to remote workers and self-employed.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ US$36,000/year foreign-source remote income.
• Length of Stay: 9 months.
• Renewability: One 9-month extension (≈ 18 months total); no direct PR track.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees roughly US$250–$350.
• Who this is best for: DN/FIRE crowd wanting 9–18 months in a dollarized, easy-flight hub without committing to PR yet.
• Why this visa: Clear income rule and DN framing in a well-connected, low-tax country.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not itself count toward PR; permanent options are Pensionado, Friendly Nations, etc.
• Feedback from applicants: Less used than Pensionado/FNV; most people use an immigration lawyer.
• Link to official info:
  • Information Sheet PDF for Panama Digital Nomad Visa
  • Official Government Information Page for the Panama Digital Nomad Visa
  • List of Panama Immigration Permits
• Similar visas: Costa Rica Estancia; UAE remote work; “Remote-work visas with explicit income thresholds”.

Panama – Pensionado – Retirement / Pensionado

• Basics: World-famous retirement visa that grants permanent residence.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Lifetime pension ≥ US$1,000/month.
• Length of Stay: Permanent residence from approval.
• Renewability: Not time-limited; just maintain conditions and ID documents.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees often ≈ US$1,000–$1,500+ (lawyers extra).
• Who this is best for: Retirees wanting a tropical climate, Spanish language, and a mature expat ecosystem.
• Why this visa: One of the easiest ways to move abroad permanently on a relatively modest pension.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Direct PR; citizenship possible after required years of residence and integration.
• Feedback from applicants: Well-trodden path; success mainly depends on clean pension proof and a competent attorney.
• Link to official info:https://www.migracion.gob.pa
  • Embassy of Panama Official Information for Retiring in Panama
  • Official Panama Pensionado Information Sheet
  • List of Panama Immigration Permits
• Similar visas: Costa Rica Pensionado; Philippines SRRV; “Top retirement visas worldwide”.

Panama – Friendly Nations Visa – Economic / Investor

• Basics: Residence route for nationals of “friendly” countries via economic ties.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Economic ties + solvency: e.g., local job OR qualifying property/business investment (low six-figure range).
• Length of Stay: 2-year temporary residence, then permanent residence.
• Renewability: Temporary stage renewable; then PR is indefinite.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees around US$1,000–$1,500+ per main applicant (excluding investments and legal fees).
• Who this is best for: Entrepreneurs, professionals, and investors wanting a stable, low-tax PR base with good connectivity.
• Why this visa: Relatively quick, flexible PR route for many Western passports.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Leads to PR; citizenship is possible after years of permanent residence and physical presence.
• Feedback from applicants: Rules change periodically; using current, experienced legal counsel is crucial.
• Link to official info: https://www.migracion.gob.pa
• Similar visas: Uruguay PR; Portugal D2; “Economic-ties residencies”.

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SOUTH AMERICA

Argentina

Why this country: High culture and low cost-of-living in the same package, with strong residency options (rentista, pensionado), one of the shortest citizenship timelines globally, and unusually rich everyday life for the budget.

Argentina – Transitory Digital Nomad Residence – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Short-term “nomada digital” residence for remote workers.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No fixed number; must show sufficient foreign-source remote income.
• Length of Stay: 180 days.
• Renewability: One 180-day extension (≈ 1 year total); does not count toward PR/citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees ≈ US$100–$200 equivalent (fx-variable).
• Who this is best for: Nomads wanting 6–12 months in Buenos Aires/other cities without committing to full residency.
• Why this visa: Gives more certainty than tourist stays, with DN-specific recognition.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Classified as transitory; time does not accrue toward temporary/permanent residency.
• Feedback from applicants: Mixed; paperwork is heavy, and rules shift; many hire local gestores.
• Link to official info: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-transitoria-como-nomada-digital
• Similar visas: Argentina Rentista; Colombia DN; “Digital nomad guide to Buenos Aires”.

Argentina – Rentista Temporary Residence – Temp Residency

• Basics: Temporary residence for individuals with foreign passive income.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Around US$2,000+/month passive income, tied to multiples of the Argentine minimum salary.
• Length of Stay: Usually 1-year residence.
• Renewability: Renewable annually while income criteria are met.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees ≈ US$150–$300 equivalent plus apostilles/translations.
• Who this is best for: FIRE-minded expats, landlords, or investors who want a residency track and later PR/citizenship.
• Why this visa: One of the more accessible passive-income residencies with a very strong lifestyle payoff.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Generally eligible for permanent residency after ~3 years of temporary residence; citizenship often possible after ~2 years as a permanent resident (practice evolving).
• Feedback from applicants: Bureaucratic and inconsistent; local lawyers are almost mandatory now.
• Link to official info: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-temporaria-como-rentista
• Similar visas: Costa Rica Rentista; Portugal D7; “Passive-income residencies in LatAm”.

Argentina – Pensionado Temporary Residence – Retirement / Pensionado

• Basics: Temporary residence for foreign pensioners.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Lifetime pension normally benchmarked ≈ US$1,000+/month (indexed to minimum wage).
• Length of Stay: 1-year temporary residence.
• Renewability: Renewable annually while the pension continues.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees similar to Rentista (~US$150–$300).
• Who this is best for: Retirees and disabled veterans seeking high culture, low costs, and a fast citizenship path.
• Why this visa: Combines modest pension thresholds with a strong route to PR and citizenship.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Same pattern as Rentista; temporary → permanent → citizenship with enough real presence.
• Feedback from applicants: Very paper-heavy; but once documents are correct, approvals are typically predictable.
• Link to official info: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-temporaria-como-pensionado
• Similar visas: Panama Pensionado; Philippines SRRV; “Best pensionado-style residencies”.

Brazil

Why this country: Continental scale, huge cultural diversity, warm climates, and low costs in many regions, plus solid DN and retiree routes that can transition into long-term residence.

Brazil Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV) – Digital Nomad

• Basics: DN visa for remote workers and freelancers.
• Minimum Income Requirement: At least US$1,500/month or US$18,000 in savings.
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: Usually renewable once (≈ 2 years total).
• Estimated Costs: Consular fees around US$100–$200.
• Who this is best for: Nomads wanting more than tourist-stay time in Brazil with relative flexibility on location.
• Why this visa: Formalizes DN status in a large, low-cost, high-fun country.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not itself grant PR; residence time may matter if you later change to a residence category.
• Feedback from applicants: Consulate-by-consulate variation is the main issue; rules are fairly clear on paper.
• Link to official info:
  • Official Brazilian Government Digital Nomad Visa Information Page
  • Online application page
  • Brazilian Digital Nomad Visa Information Page for US Citizens
  • Brazilian Government Retirement and Digital Nomad Visa page
  • Official Regulations on the Brazilian Digital Nomad visa
  • e-Consular application portal
  • Additional official information on the Brazilian Digital Nomad visa
• Similar visas Colombia DN; Portugal D8; “DN visas in the Americas”.

Brazil Retiree Residence Visa (VITEM XIV)

• Basics: Residence visa for foreign retirees.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Around US$2,000+/month pension (varies by dependants and local rules).
• Length of Stay: Generally 2–3 years per residence grant.
• Renewability: Renewable; can lead to permanent residence.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees US$100–$250.
• Who this is best for: Retirees who want tropical or subtropical climates, beaches, and culture with low ongoing costs.
• Why this visa: Opens the door to long-term residency and eventual PR in a large, diverse country.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Residence can lead to permanent residence and later citizenship once statutory residence and language requirements are met.
• Feedback from applicants: Process can be slow and bureaucratic; local legal help is highly recommended.
• Link to official info:
  • Brazil visa types
  • Brazil Retirement Visa Official Information page
  • https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/migracoes
• Similar visas: Panama Pensionado; Costa Rica Pensionado; “Retiring in the Americas on moderate pensions”.

Colombia

Why this country: Very strong value-for-money, booming nomad communities (especially Medellín), solid infrastructure in major cities, and flexible long-stay options that can lead to more permanent routes.

Colombia – V-Type Digital Nomad Visa (Visa V Nómadas Digitales) – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Visitor-class digital nomad visa.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ 3× Colombian minimum wage (SMMLV) – around COP 4.27m/month (~US$1,000–$1,100).
• Length of Stay: Up to 2 years.
• Renewability: Renewable via new V-type application; generally doesn’t count towards PR.
• Estimated Costs: Visa fees ≈ US$50–$100.
• Who this is best for: Remote workers and founders wanting extended time in Medellín/Bogotá/etc, at low cost.
• Why this visa: Long duration, relatively low income bar, and a clear DN category.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Visitor visas do not count toward permanent residence; M- and R-type visas are used for PR/citizenship tracks.
• Feedback from applicants: Online system can be glitchy; approvals often are quick once documents are correct.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/v/nomadadigital
  • https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/tramites_servicios/visa
  • Colombia Visa Service Portal
  • Colombia Visa Submission Information Portal
• Similar visas Ecuador DN; Mexico TR; “Andes + Colombia DN corridor”.

Ecuador

Why this country: Mountains, jungle, and Pacific coast in one compact, low-cost country with multiple approachable residence options (DNV, pensioner, investor).

Ecuador – Temporary Residence for Digital Nomads (Residencia Temporal Rentista Para Trabajo Remoto)

• Basics: Temporary residence visa specifically for digital nomads.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Typically US$1,275+/month (3× basic wage).
• Length of Stay: Up to 2 years.
• Renewability: Renewable; can be a bridge to other residence categories.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees around US$200–$450.
• Who this is best for: Nomads wanting a 1–2-year Andean/Pacific base with real residence status vs. tourist entries.
• Why this visa: Residence (not just visitor) classification plus a modest income requirement.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Years can help you reach the 3-year threshold for PR if combined with other residence statuses.
• Feedback from applicants: Documentation-heavy; often smoother in larger cities with more experience processing foreign applications.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec
  • Ecuadorian Government Digital Nomad Visa Announcement and Application Instructions
• Similar visas Colombia DN; Portugal D8; “Andean DN + residence options”.

Ecuador – Pensioner / Rentista / Investor Residence – Retirement / Passive / Investor

• Basics: 2-year temporary residence categories for pensioners, rentistas, and investors.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Pension around US$1,275/month; investors must meet property or capital thresholds.
• Length of Stay: 2-year temporary residence.
• Renewability: Renewable; eligible for PR after 3 years of residence.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees ≈ US$200–$450.
• Who this is best for: Retirees and long-term expats seeking a low cost of living and a robust PR path; investors wanting footholds in local assets.
• Why this visa: Accessible thresholds and a clear PR pipeline with a country offering a wide variety in climate and altitude.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: PR generally after 3 years of residence; citizenship possible later with continuous presence and integration.
• Feedback from applicants: Paperwork is substantial; local lawyers are common but not strictly required if you speak Spanish well.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec
  • Instructions for validating financial means for Ecuadorian visa applications
• Similar visas Peru/Colombia pension and investor options; Panama Friendly Nations; “Investor residencies in the Andes”.

Paraguay

Why this country: Historically famous as an “easy PR,” now more regulated but still a low-tax, low-density option for a southern base that appeals to sovereignty-focused expats.

Paraguay – Permanent Residence by Independent Means Style (Residencia Permanente for foreign investors under the Unified System for Opening and Closing Companies (SUACE))

• Basics: Permanent residence for those who can meet the updated deposit/investment rules.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Investment/deposit requirements now in the low six-figure range (old US$5,000 bank deposit route removed).
• Length of Stay: Permanent from approval.
• Renewability: PR is indefinite; only document renewals.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees about US$300–$600; most cost is legal/agency.
• Who this is best for: Sovereign expats looking for a “Plan B” PR and low-tax environment in South America.
• Why this visa: Still one of the more accessible PRs if you accept higher capital requirements.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Citizenship is possible after sufficient years of residence and showing real ties; practice is nuanced and requires specialist advice.
• Feedback from applicants: Frequent rule changes; going solo is risky—good local counsel is essential now.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.migraciones.gov.py
  • https://migraciones.gov.py/residencia-permanente-para-inversionistas-extranjeros-suace
• Similar visas: Uruguay PR; Argentina rentista/pensionado; “Backup residencies in the Southern Cone”.

Uruguay

Why this country: One of Latin America’s most stable and rule-of-law-focused countries, with strong PR/citizenship prospects and a calm, middle-class quality of life.

Uruguay – Provisional ID / Digital Nomad Arrangement – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Provisional identity document (Hoja de Identidad Provisoria) allowing about 180 days of stay. In effect, this is not a visa, but a “temporary” permanent resident card that assists nomads in applying for other residency options during their stay. The aim is to guide nomads into other temporary or permanent resident permits during their stay.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No fixed statutory minimum; must show “sufficient means.”
• Length of Stay: Around 180 days.
• Renewability: Limited; intended as a bridge toward residence.
• Estimated Costs: Low gov fees (tens of US$).
• Who this is best for: People aiming for real residency who want to get set up on the ground while paperwork runs.
• Why this visa: Useful transitional status to start banking, renting, etc. while a residence application is processed.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Alone, it is not a residency; PR/citizenship clocks start once you have formal residence.
• Feedback from applicants: Still evolving; local advisors are invaluable.
• Link to official info:
  • Residency types available in Uruguay and the administration of IDs for Digital Nomads
  • Additional Information for Provisional ID for Digital Nomads
• Similar visas: Uruguay temporary residence; Paraguay PR; “Settling long-term in the Southern Cone”.

Uruguay – Temporary & Permanent Residence – Temp/Perm Residency

• Basics: Standard residence path via temporary residence leading to permanent residence.
• Minimum Income Requirement: “Sufficient means” via income, contracts, or assets; no fixed floor.
• Length of Stay: Temporary residence typically 1–2 years, then conversion to PR.
• Renewability: Temporary status renewable; PR is indefinite.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees around US$100–$200.
• Who this is best for: Sovereign expats seeking a long-term, high-rule-of-law base with good healthcare and reasonable taxes.
• Why this visa: Offers one of the clearest PR and citizenship tracks in Latin America for those genuinely living there.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Citizenship is often possible after ~3–5 years of real residence (shorter if married to a Uruguayan), but practice is case-by-case.
• Feedback from applicants: Process is slow but fair; documentation requirements are serious and changing.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-interior/tramites/residencia-legal-temporaria
  • Types of Temporary Residency in Uruguay
  • How can you apply for Uruguayan residency?
  • Instructions for applying for Uruguayan residency online before entry
  • .
• Similar visas: Paraguay PR; Panama Friendly Nations; “LatAm residencies with strong citizenship options”.

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THE CARIBBEAN

Antigua & Barbuda

Why this country: Quieter, less crowded than some neighbours, English-speaking, and with a polished 2-year nomad program—good for higher earners who want Caribbean life with space.

Antigua & Barbuda – Nomad Digital Residence – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: 2-year DN-style stay for remote workers and families.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Self-certify ≥ US$50,000/year remote income.
• Length of Stay: Up to 2 years.
• Renewability: Can reapply if you still qualify; does not count toward PR.
• Estimated Costs: Program fee ≈ US$1,500–$3,000 (single vs family).
• Who this is best for: Professionals and families with solid incomes wanting a longer-term Caribbean base.
• Why this visa: Long-duration, clear criteria, and English-speaking environment.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Extended visitor status; separate economic-citizenship and residence routes exist but are unrelated.
• Feedback from applicants: Generally positive; online process is straightforward, cost and CoL are the main filters.
• Link to official info:
  • https://nomad.gov.ag/ui/
  • https://antigua-barbuda.com/ova_sev/nomad-digital-residence-visa-programme/
  • https://antiguabarbuda.com/dario-item-nomad-digital-residence-program/
• Similar visas: Barbados Welcome Stamp; Bahamas BEATS; “Caribbean DN visas compared”.

Anguilla

Why this country: Tiny, quiet island with beautiful beaches; ideal if you want extreme calm rather than nightlife or big-city stimulation.

Anguilla – Work From Anguilla – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Remote-work / extended-stay scheme for visitors up to a year.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No strict public minimum; must show remote work and sufficient funds.
• Length of Stay: Up to 12 months.
• Renewability: Re-application allowed; no PR credit.
• Estimated Costs: Approx. US$1,000–$2,000 in program fees (by stay length/family size).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers who value quiet, beaches, and a very small community.
• Why this visa: Significantly longer than tourist stays, with an organised remote-work frame.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Long-stay visitor status only; not a residency/permanent route.
• Feedback from applicants: Application is simple; the biggest hurdle is high housing/food costs.
• Link to official info:
  • https://escape.ivisitanguilla.com
  • General Anguila Travel Info
  • Anguilla e-Visa application site
• Similar visas: Montserrat Remote Work Stamp; Dominica WIN; “Micro-island workcation programs”.

Bahamas

Why this country: Very close to the US with great water, strong infrastructure, and a DN scheme (BEATS) that’s easy to understand, if not cheap.

Bahamas – BEATS (Bahamas Extended Access Travel Stay) – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: 1-year long-stay visa for remote workers and students.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No fixed figure; must prove sufficient remote income.
• Length of Stay: 12 months.
• Renewability: Renewable annually up to 3 years; no PR credit.
• Estimated Costs: Program fees ≈ US$1,000–$2,000 per year (worker + dependents).
• Who this is best for: Well-paid remote workers wanting island life near the US without full residence.
• Why this visa: Simple framing and generous stay length in a very well-served island nation.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Visitor program; separable PR routes for investors/long-term residents exist.
• Feedback from applicants: Application is clear and mostly online; housing cost is the biggest shock.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.bahamasbeats.com
  • How it works
  • Working remotely from the Bahamas
  • Studying remotely from the Bahamas
• Similar visas: Barbados Welcome Stamp; Antigua NDR; “Island DN visas near the US”.

Barbados

Why this country: One of the original “headline” DN visas; solid infrastructure, good healthcare, and global name recognition that makes it easy to explain your move to friends/family.

Barbados – 12-Month Welcome Stamp – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: One-year remote work visa for individuals and families.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Self-declare ≥ US$50,000/year income.
• Length of Stay: 12 months.
• Renewability: Renewable by re-applying; no PR credit.
• Estimated Costs: US$2,000 (single) or US$3,000 (family).
• Who this is best for: Higher-income remote workers wanting a full year in a mid-sized Caribbean island with reliable infrastructure.
• Why this visa: Transparent, brandable, and widely recognised DN scheme.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not lead to PR/cit; separate residence routes apply.
• Feedback from applicants: Very positive on process; cost, and high CoL are the main downsides.
• Link to official info:
  • https://barbadoswelcomestamp.bb
  • Visa application site
• Similar visas: Antigua NDR; Mauritius Premium Visa; “1-year tropical DN stamps”.

Bermuda (INACTIVE – PENDING NEW PROGRAM)

Why this country: Ultra-high-end island with strong finance links; the work-from program was attractive but is currently closed—still relevant contextually for HNW expats. Triangle not included…

Important Note: Bermuda closed its digital nomad-targeted program as of February 2025 and is shifting towards multi-year residencies, targeting the same demographic but in a more stable, long-term way. The program was popular, with over 1,800 certificates awarded, and is expected to return, in some form, soon. Keep an eye on this page for updates. In the meantime, most visitors are allowed to stay for 90 days without a visa.

Bermuda (PROGRAM CLOSED) – Work From Bermuda Certificate – Long-Stay Visitor (Closed to new applicants)

• Basics: 1-year remote-work certificate (now closed for new applicants).
• Minimum Income Requirement: Required “substantial means/continuous income”; no public fixed number.
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: Renewable case-by-case basis while active.
• Estimated Costs: Application fee ~US$250 per person.
• Who this is best for: Historically, very high earners and executives wanting a 1-year offshore base.
• Why this visa: Provides a simple legal route to live and work remotely from Bermuda.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Visitor program only; does not lead directly to PR or citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Reported as efficient and professional; CoL extremely high.
• Link to official info:https://www.gov.bm
  • https://bda.bm/work-from-bermuda/
  • https://www.gov.bm/online-services/one-year-residential-certificate
  • One-year residency certificate policy
  • Bermuda residence options
• Similar visas: Cayman GCCP; UAE remote work; “High-end offshore lifestyle visas”.

Cayman Islands

Why this country: Hyper-stable, very high-income, tax-advantaged island territory with some of the strictest but highest-quality residency options in the region.

Cayman Islands (PROGRAM CLOSED) – Global Citizen Concierge Program (GCCP) – Long-Stay Visitor

Note: The Cayman Islands Global Concierge program was closed in October of 2022, and the following data remains for informational purposes only.

• Basics: High-income remote work stays for up to 2 years.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Roughly US$100,000+/year for singles (more for couples/families).
• Length of Stay: Up to 24 months.
• Renewability: Renewable within a 2-year maximum; no PR credit.
• Estimated Costs: Program fees ≈ US$1,500–$2,500+ plus per-dependent charges.
• Who this is best for: Very high earners wanting short-to-medium term offshore residency without PR.
• Why this visa: Simple, clearly defined DN scheme in a world-class offshore hub.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Pure visitor program; serious PR/citizenship requires separate, high-bar routes.
• Feedback from applicants: Process is professional and smooth; cost and CoL are the main barriers.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.visitcaymanislands.com/global-citizen-concierge
  • https://www.gov.ky/labour/press-release-details/global-citizen-concierge-programme-extended-
• Similar visas: Bermuda (historic); UAE remote work; “Premium island nomad visas”.

Cayman Islands – Residency Certificate for Persons of Independent Means – Independent Means / PR-style

• Basics: Long-term residence certificate (up to 25 years) for wealthy individuals.
• Minimum Income Requirement: High real estate investment and/or income thresholds as per WORC rules.
• Length of Stay: Up to 25 years.
• Renewability: Renewable at term end.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees typically US$10,000+ (certificate, processing, stamp duties).
• Who this is best for: HNWIs wanting a long-horizon, low-tax Caribbean base.
• Why this visa: Effectively PR-style status with serious asset protection and lifestyle perks.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Provides a PR-like platform that can support naturalisation after many years.
• Feedback from applicants: Formal and documentation-heavy; legal representation is standard.
• Link to official info:https://www.worc.ky
  • Application for Cayman Islands Residency Certificate for Persons of Independent Means
• Similar visas: UAE Golden Visa; Malaysia PVIP; “Independent means PR for HNWIs”.

Curaçao

Why this country: Dutch-Caribbean island with colourful towns, laid-back vibe, and a remote worker scheme that’s cheaper than many Caribbean peers.

Curaçao – @HOME in Curaçao – Long-Stay Visitor / Remote Worker

• Basics: Remote work / long-stay regime for up to a year.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No fixed global minimum; must show remote income and sufficient funds.
• Length of Stay: Up to 12 months (often 6 + 6).
• Renewability: Extension/renewal possible within program rules.
• Estimated Costs: Application/permit fees ≈ US$250–$300.
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting Dutch-Caribbean culture and more urban texture than smaller islands.
• Why this visa: Lower fees and simpler entry compared to some other Caribbean DNVs.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Visitor-level stay; PR/citizenship follows Dutch Kingdom residence rules.
• Feedback from applicants: Application is straightforward; key constraint is mid-term housing options.
• Link to official info:
  • https://athomeincuracao.com
  • https://athomeincuracao.com/remote-workers
• Similar visas, Aruba/Sint Maarten schemes (if/when active); Barbados Welcome Stamp; “Dutch Caribbean as a base”.

Dominica

Why this country: Very green, less mass-touristed island with a strong “nature first” brand that matches its Work in Nature program.

Dominica – Work in Nature (WIN) Extended Stay Visa – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Extended-stay visa for remote workers for up to 18 months.
• Minimum Income Requirement: ≥ US$50,000/year income or equivalent savings.
• Length of Stay: Initial 12 months, extendable to 18 months.
• Renewability: Extensions allowed to max duration; further stays need re-application.
• Estimated Costs: Program fees ≈ US$800–$1,200 (single) plus dependent add-ons.
• Who this is best for: Eco-focused nomads and families prioritising hiking, diving, and quiet living.
• Why this visa: Baked into an eco-tourism identity rather than just a marketing gimmick.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Visitor-only program; PR and CBI routes are separate.
• Feedback from applicants: Niche but appreciated; program team is seen as responsive.
• Link to official info:
  • http://windominica.gov.dm/
  • Eligibility
  • Application Process
  • Processing Times
  • Fees
  • FAQs
  • “Work in Nature” Dominica Brochure (Courtesy of the Dominica Consulate in Greece)
  • “Work in Nature” Dominica Information
• Similar visas: St Lucia “Live It”; Costa Rica Estancia; “Nature-heavy extended stay visas”.

Dominican Republic

Why this country: Big island with varied regions, low cost of living, and accessible pensioner/rentista residencies that can lead to PR, useful as a strategic Caribbean base.

Dominican Republic Pensionado and Rentista Visas

• Basics: Residence options for retirees and passive-income earners.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Roughly US$1,500+/month pension or passive income.
• Length of Stay: 1–2-year residence permits.
• Renewability: Renewable; can lead to PR after several years.
• Estimated Costs: Govt residence fees ≈ US$300–$600.
• Who this is best for: Retirees and rentistas wanting a large tropical island with good flight connections and modest living costs.
• Why this visa: Lower pension requirements than many European options with realistic PR and citizenship paths.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: PR after several years; citizenship possible after continued residence and meeting language/integration hurdles.
• Feedback from applicants: Process is paperwork-heavy but established; a local lawyer is the norm.
• Link to official info:
  • https://migracion.gob.do/en/servicio/residence-for-investment-in-quality-of-retired-or-pensioned/
  • Dominican Rentista Residency
  • Dominican Residency by Investment
• Similar visas: Panama Pensionado; Costa Rica Pensionado; “Pensionado programs in the Caribbean & LatAm”.

Montserrat

Why this country: Tiny, volcanic, ultra-quiet island; ideal for people who truly want to disconnect and don’t mind limited services and a very small community.

Montserrat – Remote Work Stamp – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Remote-work / long-stay stamp for up to a year.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Proof of foreign remote income; no fixed global threshold.
• Length of Stay: 12 months.
• Renewability: Re-application possible; no PR credit.
• Estimated Costs: Program fees ~US$500–$1,000+ depending on applicant type.
• Who this is best for: Remote workers seeking solitude, community intimacy, and nature over amenities.
• Why this visa: One of the very few ways to live long-term in such a small island state.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not itself lead to PR/cit; long-term settlement is separate.
• Feedback from applicants: Small program with fairly personal handling; limited housing stock can be an issue.
• Link to official info:
  • https://montserratremoteworker.com
  • Application Information Page
  • Montserrat Remote Work Stamp Application Page
• Similar visas Anguilla WFA; Dominica WIN; “Tiny island work-from visas”.

St Lucia

Why this country: Less crowded than some neighbours, great mix of beaches and rainforest, with an extended-stay “Live It” program that leans into lifestyle.

St Lucia – “Live It” Extended Stay – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Extended-stay tourism/remote-work program.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No fixed DN threshold; must show means and remote work where applicable.
• Length of Stay: Up to 12 months.
• Renewability: Extensions/re-applications possible; no PR credit.
• Estimated Costs: Program fees ≈ US$500–$1,500.
• Who this is best for: Nomads and slow-travellers prioritising slower tourism, nature, and a small-community feel.
• Why this visa: Straightforward extension of tourist stay with lifestyle-first branding.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Visitor program; PR and CBI are separate.
• Feedback from applicants: Very tourism-driven; experiences mostly hinge on local partners and housing.
• Link to official info:
  • https://www.stlucia.org/en/live-it
  • St. Lucia “Live It” Program Announcement
  • https://www.govt.lc/services/apply-for-saint-lucia-non-immigrant-visa
• Similar visas: Dominica WIN; Barbados Welcome Stamp; “Caribbean extended-stay tourism programs”.

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MIDDLE EAST

Turkey (Türkiye)

Why this country: Bridge between Europe and Asia, huge variety of landscapes and cities, relatively low costs, and a new DNV to formalise what many nomads were already doing.

Türkiye – Digital Nomad Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: New DNV allowing remote workers longer legal stays and enabling conversion to residence.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Roughly US$3,000/month (policy evolving).
• Length of Stay: Around 1 year.
• Renewability: Often renewable via a switch to short-term residence (ikamet); those years can count towards PR/citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Visa + residence fees approx TRY 3,000–7,000 (≈ US$100–$250).
• Who this is best for: Nomads wanting a year in Istanbul or the coast with an eye toward residence if they like it.
• Why this visa: Clarifies legal status for remote work and paves an easier path to longer-term residence.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Once converted to residence, years can accumulate toward PR and eventually citizenship (after several years).
• Feedback from applicants: New and somewhat fluid; staying plugged into official updates is key.
• Link to official info:
  • https://digitalnomads.goturkiye.com/homepage
  • https://digitalnomads.goturkiye.com/application-requirements-for-digital-nomad-visa-and-short-term-residence
• Similar visas: Georgia visa-free stays; Portugal D8; “Bridge-country visas between Europe and Asia”.

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Why this country: Hyper-connected, tax-efficient federation with world-class infrastructure and multiple residency products—remote work visas, long-term Golden Visas, and retirement options—all in a very business-friendly environment.

UAE – Dubai Virtual Working Program – Digital Nomad

• Basics: 1-year remote-work program for foreign employees.
• Minimum Income Requirement: About US$3,500/month salary plus health insurance.
• Length of Stay: 12 months.
• Renewability: Renewable annually.
• Estimated Costs: Roughly US$300–$600 for visa + Emirates ID + processing.
• Who this is best for: Remote employees who want Dubai’s infrastructure and tax advantages without changing employers.
• Why this visa: Simple on-ramp to UAE living without needing local sponsorship.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Temporary residence; does not itself lead to PR/citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Professional and efficient; main filters are income and cost of living.
• Link to official info:
  • Dubai Virtual Work Program information
  • Dubai Virtual Work Visa Issuance and Guidelines
  • Dubai Residence Visa for Remote Work
• Similar visas: UAE Federal Remote Work Residence; Portugal D8; “Tax-friendly nomad hubs”.

UAE – Federal Remote Work Residence – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Federal-level remote work residence is valid across the emirates.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Similar to Dubai (≈ US$3,500–$5,000/month) with an employer letter.
• Length of Stay: 1 year.
• Renewability: Renewable while criteria are met.
• Estimated Costs: Fees vary by emirate, typically US$200–$500.
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting a UAE residence outside Dubai or more flexibility between emirates.
• Why this visa: Gives UAE residency benefits while employment remains abroad.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Temporary; Golden/other long-term routes are needed for PR/citizenship prospects.
• Feedback from applicants: Implementation differs by emirate; using local PROs is common.
• Link to official info:
  • https://u.ae
  • UAE Federal Remote Work Residence
• Similar visas: Dubai Virtual Working; Estonia DNV; “Remote work in low-tax hubs”.

UAE – Golden Visa – Long-Term Residency / Investor

• Basics: 5–10-year long-term residence for investors, professionals, and other categories.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Category-specific (e.g., property ≥ AED 2M, salary thresholds for special talents).
• Length of Stay: 5 or 10 years.
• Renewability: Renewable if criteria continue to be met.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees AED ~2,800–5,000+ (≈ US$750–$1,360) plus medicals and IDs.
• Who this is best for: HNWIs, founders, and specialists wanting deep, long-term access to the UAE.
• Why this visa: Stable, long-duration residency without employer sponsorship and with generous travel flexibility.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: De facto PR; citizenship is possible under evolving, selective policies.
• Feedback from applicants: Well-structured and relatively fast; the main issue is hitting the thresholds.
• Link to official info:
  • UAE Golden Visa
  • About the UAE Golden Visa
• Similar visas, Malaysia PVIP; Thailand LTR; “Golden visa style programs”.

UAE – Dubai Retirement Visa – Retirement

• Basics: Retirement residency product offering a 5-year renewable residence in Dubai.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Mix of pension, savings, or property (e.g., AED 20,000/month pension or qualifying assets).
• Length of Stay: 5 years.
• Renewability: Renewable while financial conditions remain met.
• Estimated Costs: Several thousand AED (≈ US$1,000+) in visa/ID/processing.
• Who this is best for: Wealthier retirees wanting sunshine, healthcare, and connectivity in a tax-light city.
• Why this visa: One of the only explicit retirement visas in the Gulf.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Long-term residence, but not a direct path to a UAE passport.
• Feedback from applicants: Structured and partner-mediated; CoL is again the main hurdle.
• Link to official info: https://www.retireindubai.com
• Similar visas Malaysia MM2H; Thailand retirement visas; “High-end retirement in low-tax hubs”.

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OCEANIA

Australia

Why this country: High-income, high-rule-of-law, English-speaking country with huge appeal—though no dedicated DNV, so remote workers lean on visitor or working holiday routes.

Australia – (No Dedicated Digital Nomad Visa) – Visitor / Working Holiday, etc.

• Basics: No single DN visa; remote workers use visitor or Working Holiday, or other temporary visas.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No DN-specific threshold; WHV/visitor requires proof of funds (~AU$5,000+).
• Length of Stay: Typically 3–12 months, depending on visa.
• Renewability: Varies by visa; not designed as a PR path.
• Estimated Costs: Visitor/WHV fees ~AU$150–$635 (≈ US$100–$430).
• Who this is best for: Nomads wanting a medium-term Australia stay but not long-term residence.
• Why this route: Only option until/unless a DN visa is introduced.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: PR/citizenship only via regular skilled-migration, partner, or investment routes.
• Feedback from applicants: Immigration system is clear but strict; not DN-friendly yet.
• Link to official info: https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas
• Similar visas, New Zealand visitor+remote-work allowance; “High-income English-speaking countries without DN visas”.

New Zealand

Why this country: Wild landscapes, good governance, and now explicit permission to work remotely for foreign employers on some visitor visas—even if there isn’t a dedicated DNV.

New Zealand – Visitor Visa (Remote Work Allowed) – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Visitor visa where remote work for a foreign employer is explicitly allowed.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No DN-specific threshold; must show sufficient funds per visitor rules.
• Length of Stay: Up to 9 months in any 18 months for many nationals.
• Renewability: Renewable within visitor-policy limits; not designed as a residence.
• Estimated Costs: Visa fees NZ$211–$350 (≈ US$120–$200).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting to spend 3–9 months in NZ without a long-term move.
• Why this visa: Provides legal cover for remote work under visitor status.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Visitor time does not count toward residence; PR/citizenship uses standard skilled, partnership, or investor routes.
• Feedback from applicants: System is well-documented; the main constraint is the limited length of stay.
• Link to official info:
  • Guidelines for remote work while in New Zealand
  • Additional Guidelines for Remote Work in New Zealand
• Similar visas Australia’s temporary visas, “Slow-travel visas with remote work allowed (but no DNV)”.

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AFRICA

Cabo Verde

Why this country: A lower-cost Atlantic island base with Portuguese influence, slow pace, and a lighter digital nomad program than many EU options. Good “test run” for Portuguese-speaking life and island living without Schengen complexity.

Cabo Verde – Remote Working Program – Digital Nomad (Programa Cabo Verde Remoto)

• Basics: Digital nomad / remote work program allowing a medium-term stay without full residence.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Approx. US$1,500 average bank balance (single) or US$2,000 (family) over 6 months.
• Length of Stay: 6 months.
• Renewability: Renewable up to 1 year total; does not count toward PR/citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Roughly €60–€100 in gov/processing fees (≈ US$70–$115).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting a quiet, sunny Atlantic base with Portuguese language exposure and low-ish costs.
• Why this visa: Straightforward checklist, clear financial bar, lighter bureaucracy than many residence permits.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Treated as an extended-stay/visitor status; time does not itself lead to PR or citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Generally manageable; main frictions are banking proof and small-island admin pace.
• Link to official info:
  • Cabo Verde Government Announcement;
  • Additional Information
• Similar visas: Mauritius Premium Visa; Namibia Digital Nomad Visa; “Island digital nomad visas” cluster.

Mauritius

Why this country: One of the most livable “offshore islands” with good infrastructure, stable politics, English/French usage, several true residence routes (not just nomadic), and tax rules that can be very advantageous for some expats.

Mauritius – Premium Visa – Long-Stay Visitor / Remote Work

• Basics: Long-stay visitor/remote-work visa for up to a year, ideal as a trial before full residency.
• Minimum Income Requirement: “Sufficient funds” – in practice, often ≈ US$1,500–2,000/month minimum.
• Length of Stay: Up to 1 year.
• Renewability: Renewable while conditions are met; does not by itself lead to PR/citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: No government application fee; minor processing only (~US$0–$50).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers and families wanting to test Mauritius as a medium-term island base.
• Why this visa: Very light requirements, simple online process, generous length compared with tourist stays.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Time on Premium Visa does not count toward PR/citizenship; you need an Occupation or Residence Permit.
• Feedback from applicants: Frequently praised as fast and efficient; main trip-ups are insurance and proof of remote work.
• Link to official info: Mauritius Premium Visa
• Similar visas: Mauritius Occupation Permits; Seychelles Workcation; “Indian Ocean remote work options”.

Mauritius – Residence “Occupation Permit” (Retired Non-Citizen) – Retirement / Residency

• Basics: Long-term residence permit for retirees with foreign pension income.
• Minimum Income Requirement: At least US$1,500/month in foreign-source income.
• Length of Stay: 10-year residence permit.
• Renewability: Renewable; years can count toward PR/citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees around MUR 20,000–40,000 (≈ US$430–$850).
• Who this is best for: Retirees wanting a warm, stable, English-friendly base with good healthcare and connectivity to Africa/Asia.
• Why this visa: Very long validity plus a relatively modest income threshold for the quality of life offered.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Time on this permit can contribute to eligibility for permanent residence and eventually citizenship.
• Feedback from applicants: Clear process but documentation-heavy; getting pensions paid into local banks can take time.
• Link to official info: Mauritius Occupation Permit
• Similar visas: Panama Pensionado; Philippines SRRV; “Retirement visas with 10-year+ stability”.

Mauritius – Investor / Professional / Self-Employed Occupation Permits – Work / Investor Residence

• Basics: Residence + work authorisation for investors, salaried professionals, and self-employed.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Category-specific thresholds for capital, turnover, or salary, per EDB schedule.
• Length of Stay: 3–10 years, depending on category.
• Renewability: Renewable while financial/activity criteria are maintained; can lead toward PR.
• Estimated Costs: Typically MUR 20,000–40,000 (≈ US$430–$850) in application/permit fees.
• Who this is best for: Entrepreneurs, remote-first founders, and high-skill professionals wanting a low-tax, business-friendly hub.
• Why this visa: Blends residency, work rights, and clear investment/employment frameworks in one of the world’s easier “offshore” hubs.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Time on occupation permits can contribute to PR and later citizenship if residence and other criteria are met.
• Feedback from applicants: Highly rated for clarity and responsiveness; success hinges on a solid business case and clean paperwork.
• Link to official info: Mauritius Occupation Permit
• Similar visas: UAE Golden Visa; Portugal D2; “Entrepreneur residencies in low-tax jurisdictions”.

Namibia

Why this country: Big skies, dunes, and wildlife with far fewer people—a more “adventurous” African base. Less polished than Mauritius/South Africa, but unique if you value nature and very low density.

Namibia – Digital Nomad Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Short-term digital nomad visa aimed at remote workers wanting a half-year stay.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Around US$2,000/month for the main applicant.
• Length of Stay: 6 months.
• Renewability: Limited renewability; does not count toward PR/citizenship.
• Estimated Costs: Govt fees NAD 2,000–3,000 (≈ US$100–$160).
• Who this is best for: Remote workers wanting a 3–6 month African adventure with safaris and desert landscapes.
• Why this visa: One of mainland Africa’s only formal digital nomad visas, with published income requirements.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Purely temporary; you’d need a separate residence permit for long-term settlement.
• Feedback from applicants: Still early days; reports say process is bureaucratic but clear if you follow the checklist.
• Link to official info:
  • Namibia Digital Nomad Visa home
  • Namibia Digital Nomad FAQ PDF
  • Namibia Digital Nomad Official Brochure
• Similar visas: South Africa Remote Work Visa, Mauritius Premium Visa, “Africa for slowmads”.

Seychelles

Why this country: Ultra-scenic Indian Ocean islands with high safety, political stability, and English usage—ideal if you want tropical water and don’t mind higher daily expenses.

Additionally, Seychelles is a visa-free country for all passports, so you are also able to visit, stay, and test the location before committing long-term.

Seychelles – Workcation Retreat / Nomad – Long-Stay Visitor

• Basics: Long-stay visitor/workcation scheme for remote workers up to about a year.
• Minimum Income Requirement: No fixed figure; must show sufficient income, remote work proof, and full insurance.
• Length of Stay: Up to 1 year (often issued in shorter blocks).
• Renewability: Renewable within program rules; doesn’t become a residence permit.
• Estimated Costs: Program/visa fees roughly €45–€100 (≈ US$50–$115).
• Who this is best for: Higher-earning nomads craving high-end tropical island life with good safety.
• Why this visa: Gives much more time than normal tourist entries with a formal workcation framework.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Does not count toward PR or citizenship; it’s an extended-visitor category.
• Feedback from applicants: Application itself is simple; the real constraint is housing and food costs.
• Link to official info:
  • https://seychelles.govtas.com/en
  • Seychelles visa-free entry policy
• Similar visas: Mauritius Premium Visa; Barbados Welcome Stamp; “Island workcation programs”.

South Africa

Why this country: A big, varied country with English widely spoken, world-class scenery (Cape Town, Garden Route, safaris), and a new remote work visa that can last longer than most nomad schemes.

South Africa – Remote Work Visa – Digital Nomad

• Basics: Remote work / digital nomad visa under temporary residence rules.
• Minimum Income Requirement: Around ZAR 650,000–1,000,000/year (~US$35,000–$50,000).
• Length of Stay: Up to 3 years.
• Renewability: Renewable; may count toward PR once regulations fully settle.
• Estimated Costs: Temporary-residence fees roughly ZAR 1,500–4,000 (≈ US$85–$230).
• Who this is best for: Mid-career remote professionals and tech workers drawn to Cape Town/Joburg for 1–3 years.
• Why this visa: Very long duration compared to most DNVs and clear, income-based eligibility.
• PR and Citizenship Criteria & Eligibility: Intended as a temporary residence class; later conversion to permanent residence and citizenship is possible under standard rules.
• Feedback from applicants: Expect red tape and variable processing times; using local immigration counsel helps.
• Link to official info:
  • South Africa eVisa Application Home
  • https://www.dha.gov.za
  • South Africa Remote Work Visa Information PDF
  • South Africa Remote Work Visa Checklist
• Similar visas: Namibia DNV; Portugal D8; “Best long-duration digital nomad visas”.

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Bear in mind, immigration laws change constantly…

Immigration laws and climates in our favourite and most loved destinations change frequently, and we keep this directory updated accordingly. This directory is updated in January and July of every year, last updated in late 2025**. Always double-check against official government sources before applying.

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What to Do Next on Your Path to Going Abroad

• Step 1: Use the “How to Choose Where to Live Abroad” article to decide what you want. **
• Step 2: Read your “Best Residency Visas for Americans” guide to shortlist actual programs.
• Step 3: Use this article’s checklist to prep your documents, banking, and income proof.
• Step 4: Grab your Moving Abroad Checklist and join the newsletter.
• Learn, How to Calculate Your FIRE Number to Retire Early Abroad, or at Home