Browse by category — 341 occupations
Scenario TreeMap — All 341 Occupations
Cell size = US employment count · Color = AI displacement risk · Click any cell to view details
Balanced transition — AI acts as co-worker across most sectors
How Is AI Risk for Jobs Calculated?
Each occupation receives an overall AI displacement risk score from 1–10 based on four key dimensions: how routine and codifiable the core tasks are, how much the work depends on physical presence, how strongly human judgment and emotional intelligence feature in day-to-day work, and whether the profession is currently protected by licensing, liability, or regulation.
Salary, employment, and growth projection data comes directly from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Outlook Handbook — the most authoritative source of occupational data in the United States. The AI risk analysis reflects current capabilities and expert consensus as of 2025.
Why Three Scenarios?
Nobody knows exactly how AI will develop or how labour markets will respond. History shows that previous technological revolutions (mechanisation, the internet, automation) had wildly different effects than predicted — sometimes destroying jobs, sometimes transforming them, sometimes creating more jobs than they eliminated.
Scenario 1 — AI Eliminates
AI displaces workers without creating comparable replacement roles. Unemployment and inequality rise as automation outpaces adaptation.
Scenario 2 — AI Transforms
Some roles disappear, new ones emerge. Workers who adapt thrive; those who don't face difficulty. Net employment stays roughly stable.
Scenario 3 — AI Creates
AI dramatically expands economic activity, creating new industries and job categories faster than it eliminates existing ones.
Which Jobs Are Most at Risk from AI?
Research consistently shows that jobs involving repetitive, predictable, data-intensive tasks face the highest displacement risk. Customer service representatives, cashiers, and computer programmers score highest in our analysis. Jobs requiring physical dexterity in unpredictable environments (electricians, nurses), complex human judgment, or deep interpersonal trust tend to score lowest.
Importantly, a high risk score doesn't mean a job will disappear — it means the tasks within that job are more susceptible to AI automation. Workers who adapt and augment their skills with AI tools often find their value increases rather than decreases.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will AI take my job?
It depends heavily on your specific role and industry. Most jobs will be transformed by AI rather than entirely eliminated — the key question is whether you can use AI as a tool to increase your own productivity and value.
How reliable is the AI risk score?
The scores represent expert consensus based on current AI capabilities and historical automation patterns. They are inherently uncertain — AI development is fast-moving, and labour markets are complex. Use them as a thinking tool, not a definitive prediction.
What should I do if my job is high risk?
Learn to use AI tools in your field before others do — being the person who bridges human expertise and AI capability is valuable in every profession. Build skills in areas AI struggles with: creativity, complex judgment, human relationships, and physical work.
How often is this data updated?
BLS salary and employment data is updated annually with the release of the new Occupational Outlook Handbook. AI risk analysis is reviewed when significant new AI capabilities are released.
All Occupations — AI Risk Index
Browse all 341 occupations and check how safe each one is from AI disruption.
Architecture and Engineering
- Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians
- Aerospace Engineers
- Agricultural Engineers
- Architects
- Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers
- Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
- Chemical Engineers
- Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians
- Civil Engineers
- Computer Hardware Engineers
- Drafters
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
- Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- Electro-mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians
- Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians
- Environmental Engineers
- Health and Safety Engineers
- Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians
- Industrial Engineers
- Landscape Architects
- Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
- Materials Engineers
- Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians
- Mechanical Engineers
- Mining and Geological Engineers
- Nuclear Engineers
- Petroleum Engineers
- Surveying and Mapping Technicians
- Surveyors
Arts and Design
Business and Financial
- Accountants and Auditors
- Budget Analysts
- Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners, and Investigators
- Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
- Compliance Officers
- Cost Estimators
- Credit Counselors
- Financial Analysts
- Financial Examiners
- Fundraisers
- Human Resources Specialists
- Insurance Underwriters
- Labor Relations Specialists
- Loan Officers
- Logisticians
- Management Analysts
- Market Research Analysts
- Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners
- Personal Financial Advisors
- Project Management Specialists
- Property Appraisers and Assessors
- Purchasing Managers, Buyers, and Purchasing Agents
- Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents
- Training and Development Specialists
Community and Social Service
- Community Health Workers
- Health Education Specialists
- Marriage and Family Therapists
- Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
- Rehabilitation Counselors
- School and Career Counselors and Advisors
- Social and Human Service Assistants
- Social Workers
- Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors
Computer and Information Technology
- Computer and Information Research Scientists
- Computer Network Architects
- Computer Programmers
- Computer Support Specialists
- Computer Systems Analysts
- Database Administrators and Architects
- Information Security Analysts
- Network and Computer Systems Administrators
- Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers
- Web Developers and Digital Designers
Construction and Extraction
- Boilermakers
- Carpenters
- Construction and Building Inspectors
- Construction Equipment Operators
- Construction Laborers and Helpers
- Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers, and Tapers
- Electricians
- Elevator and Escalator Installers and Repairers
- Flooring Installers and Tile and Stone Setters
- Glaziers
- Hazardous Materials Removal Workers
- Insulation Workers
- Ironworkers
- Masonry Workers
- Oil and Gas Workers
- Painters, Construction and Maintenance
- Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
- Roofers
- Sheet Metal Workers
- Solar Photovoltaic Installers
Education, Training, and Library
- Adult Basic and Secondary Education and ESL Teachers
- Archivists, Curators, and Museum Workers
- Career and Technical Education Teachers
- High School Teachers
- Instructional Coordinators
- Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers
- Librarians and Library Media Specialists
- Library Technicians and Assistants
- Middle School Teachers
- Postsecondary Teachers
- Preschool Teachers
- Special Education Teachers
- Teacher Assistants
- Tutors
Healthcare
- Athletic Trainers
- Audiologists
- Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
- Chiropractors
- Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians
- Dental Assistants
- Dental Hygienists
- Dentists
- Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
- Dietitians and Nutritionists
- EMTs and Paramedics
- Exercise Physiologists
- Genetic Counselors
- Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
- Home Health and Personal Care Aides
- Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
- Massage Therapists
- Medical Assistants
- Medical Dosimetrists
- Medical Records Specialists
- Medical Transcriptionists
- Nuclear Medicine Technologists
- Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners
- Nursing Assistants and Orderlies
- Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians
- Occupational Therapists
- Occupational Therapy Assistants and Aides
- Opticians
- Optometrists
- Orthotists and Prosthetists
- Pharmacists
- Pharmacy Technicians
- Phlebotomists
- Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides
- Physical Therapists
- Physician Assistants
- Physicians and Surgeons
- Podiatrists
- Psychiatric Technicians and Aides
- Radiation Therapists
- Radiologic and MRI Technologists
- Recreational Therapists
- Registered Nurses
- Respiratory Therapists
- Speech-Language Pathologists
- Surgical Assistants and Technologists
- Veterinarians
- Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
- Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair
- Aircraft and Avionics Equipment Mechanics and Technicians
- Automotive Body and Glass Repairers
- Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics
- Calibration Technologists and Technicians
- Diesel Service Technicians and Mechanics
- Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers
- Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
- General Maintenance and Repair Workers
- Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
- Heavy Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Service Technicians
- Industrial Machinery Mechanics, Machinery Maintenance Workers, and Millwrights
- Medical Equipment Repairers
- Small Engine Mechanics
- Telecommunications Technicians
- Wind Turbine Technicians
Legal
Life, Physical, and Social Science
- Agricultural and Food Science Technicians
- Agricultural and Food Scientists
- Anthropologists and Archeologists
- Atmospheric Scientists, Including Meteorologists
- Biochemists and Biophysicists
- Biological Technicians
- Chemical Technicians
- Chemists and Materials Scientists
- Conservation Scientists and Foresters
- Economists
- Environmental Science and Protection Technicians
- Environmental Scientists and Specialists
- Epidemiologists
- Forensic Science Technicians
- Geographers
- Geological and Hydrologic Technicians
- Geoscientists
- Historians
- Hydrologists
- Medical Scientists
- Microbiologists
- Nuclear Technicians
- Physicists and Astronomers
- Political Scientists
- Psychologists
- Sociologists
- Survey Researchers
- Urban and Regional Planners
- Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
Management
- Administrative Services and Facilities Managers
- Advertising, Promotions, and Marketing Managers
- Architectural and Engineering Managers
- Compensation and Benefits Managers
- Computer and Information Systems Managers
- Construction Managers
- Elementary, Middle, and High School Principals
- Emergency Management Directors
- Entertainment and Recreation Managers
- Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers
- Financial Managers
- Food Service Managers
- Human Resources Managers
- Industrial Production Managers
- Lodging Managers
- Medical and Health Services Managers
- Natural Sciences Managers
- Postsecondary Education Administrators
- Preschool and Childcare Center Directors
- Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
- Public Relations and Fundraising Managers
- Sales Managers
- Social and Community Service Managers
- Top Executives
- Training and Development Managers
- Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
Media and Communication
Office and Administrative Support
- Bill and Account Collectors
- Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
- Customer Service Representatives
- Desktop Publishers
- Financial Clerks
- General Office Clerks
- Information Clerks
- Material Recording Clerks
- Postal Service Workers
- Public Safety Telecommunicators
- Receptionists
- Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
- Tellers
Personal Care and Service
Production
- Assemblers and Fabricators
- Bakers
- Butchers
- Dental and Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians and Medical Appliance Technicians
- Food Processing Equipment Workers
- Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers
- Machinists and Tool and Die Makers
- Metal and Plastic Machine Workers
- Painting and Coating Workers
- Power Plant Operators, Distributors, and Dispatchers
- Quality Control Inspectors
- Semiconductor Processing Technicians
- Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators
- Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators
- Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers
- Woodworkers
Protective Service
Sales
Transportation and Material Moving
- Air Traffic Controllers
- Airline and Commercial Pilots
- Bus Drivers
- Delivery Truck Drivers and Driver/Sales Workers
- Flight Attendants
- Hand Laborers and Material Movers
- Heavy and Tractor-trailer Truck Drivers
- Material Moving Machine Operators
- Railroad Workers
- Taxi Drivers, Shuttle Drivers, and Chauffeurs
- Water Transportation Workers