Low-quality papers based on public health data are flooding the scientific literature

3 min read Original article ↗

Data from five large open-access health databases are being used to generate thousands of poor-quality, formulaic papers, an analysis has found. Its authors say that the surge in publications could indicate the exploitation of these databases by people using large language models (LLMs) to mass-produce scholarly articles, or even by paper mills — companies that churn out papers to order.

Access options

Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals

Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription

$32.99 / 30 days

cancel any time

Subscribe to this journal

Receive 51 print issues and online access

$199.00 per year

only $3.90 per issue

Rent or buy this article

Prices vary by article type

from$1.95

to$39.95

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-02241-2

References

Subjects

Latest on:

Nature Careers

Jobs

  • Associate or Senior Editor, Nature Reviews Computing

    Title: Associate or Senior Editor, Nature Reviews Computing Location: Shanghai or Seoul - hybrid working model Closing date: January 25th, 2026   A...

    Shanghai or Seoul - hybrid working model

    Springer Nature Ltd

  • Associate or Senior Editor, Nature Sensors

    Title: Associate or Senior Editor, Nature Sensors Location: Shanghai, Beijing, New York - hybrid model Closing date: 31st October, 2025   About Spr...

    Shanghai (CN) /Beijing/New York

    Springer Nature Ltd

  • Locum Associate or Senior Editor, Nature Plants

    Job Title: Locum Associate or Senior Editor, Nature Plants Location: Shanghai, New Delhi - hybrid working model Closing date: January 11th, 2026   ...

    Shanghai, New Delhi - hybrid working model

    Springer Nature Ltd