Ranking Programming Languages by Energy Efficiency [pdf]

Multiple studies highlight compiled languages as the most energy-efficient, with C consistently ranking highest. Rust often rivals or surpasses C in certain tasks, while C++ also typically secures a top spot. Ada and Go demonstrate notable energy efficiency as well. This performance is largely due to their low-level nature and direct system resource access. The efficiency gap between compiled and interpreted languages is significant; for instance, C can use up to 45 times less energy than Python for similar tasks.