Duckdb-nsql: 7B parameter text-to-SQL model by MotherDuck and Numbers Station

DuckDB-NSQL-7B

Model Description

NSQL is a family of autoregressive open-source large foundation models (FMs) designed specifically for SQL generation tasks.

In this repository we are introducing a new member of NSQL, DuckDB-NSQL. It's based on Meta's original Llama-2 7B model and further pre-trained on a dataset of general SQL queries and then fine-tuned on a dataset composed of DuckDB text-to-SQL pairs.

Training Data

200k DuckDB text-to-SQL pairs, synthetically generated using Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1, guided by the DuckDB v0.9.2 documentation. And text-to-SQL pairs from NSText2SQL that were transpiled to DuckDB SQL using sqlglot.

Evaluation Data

We evaluate our models on a DuckDB-specific benchmark that contains 75 text-to-SQL pairs. The benchmark is available here.

Training Procedure

DuckDB-NSQL was trained using cross-entropy loss to maximize the likelihood of sequential inputs. For finetuning on text-to-SQL pairs, we only compute the loss over the SQL portion of the pair. The model is trained using 80GB A100s, leveraging data and model parallelism. We fine-tuned for 10 epochs.

Intended Use and Limitations

The model was designed for text-to-SQL generation tasks from given table schema and natural language prompts. The model works best with the prompt format defined below and outputs. In contrast to existing text-to-SQL models, the SQL generation is not contrained to SELECT statements, but can generate any valid DuckDB SQL statement, including statements for official DuckDB extensions.

How to Use

Example 1:

import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("motherduckdb/DuckDB-NSQL-7B-v0.1") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("motherduckdb/DuckDB-NSQL-7B-v0.1", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)

text = """### Instruction: Your task is to generate valid duckdb SQL to answer the following question.

### Input:

### Question: create a new table called tmp from test.csv

### Response (use duckdb shorthand if possible): """

input_ids = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids

generated_ids = model.generate(input_ids, max_length=500) print(tokenizer.decode(generated_ids[0], skip_special_tokens=True))

Example 2:

import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("motherduckdb/DuckDB-NSQL-7B-v0.1") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("motherduckdb/DuckDB-NSQL-7B-v0.1", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)

text = """### Instruction: Your task is to generate valid duckdb SQL to answer the following question, given a duckdb database schema.

### Input: Here is the database schema that the SQL query will run on: CREATE TABLE taxi ( VendorID bigint, tpep_pickup_datetime timestamp, tpep_dropoff_datetime timestamp, passenger_count double, trip_distance double, fare_amount double, extra double, tip_amount double, tolls_amount double, improvement_surcharge double, total_amount double, );

### Question: get all columns ending with _amount from taxi table

### Response (use duckdb shorthand if possible):"""

input_ids = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids

generated_ids = model.generate(input_ids, max_length=500) print(tokenizer.decode(generated_ids[0], skip_special_tokens=True))