Is the United States Exceptional?
acoup.blogUS definitely has exceptional successes, but there are so many systemic flaws which other countries may or may not have, and where US could vastly improve.
* High medical costs
* Highest maternal mortality among developed countries
* Highest income gaps
* High education cost & the vicious circle of college debt.
* Increasing trends of bankruptcy & paycheck-to-paycheck sustenance.
* Lack of public transportation issues in most places
* Very oil dependent economy.
* Gun violence. So many lives needlessly lost every year.
* Growing mental health & opiod crisis
* Lack of public awareness about current affairs (& to some extent apathy even)
* Waning trust in judiciary & in parallel the rise of the rich oligarchy
* Interference in politics of other countries
* Equality of diversity (in true sense) is still to be achieved given racial profiling persists
* The extent of personal freedom without state agencies keeping track of activities.
It definitely has successes but there is a long road to being a model nation. But US as a nation has demonstrated the capacity to overcome odds in fortitude. There is hope - but a sense of cautious hope
I was thinking along these lines as well. It's as if those who believe in American Exceptionalism and add up the metrics like the OP did think this is an addition only process.
Ok, you've created the greatest military power, but your country can rarely go through a day without mass shooting of it's own citizens by it's own citizens. How does your military power help your country if the greatest threat to it's citizens comes from your other citizens?
You created an economic power, but you can't afford to provide medical services to a huge portion of your population. When you do provide medical services, the costs are significantly higher than any in any other country. So what has your economic power purchased you? Another television? More sugary and unhealthy foods?
Ok, now do positives.
Sure. The reasons where US shines & is able to draw talent is probably several of these:
* US is absolutely the leader in innovation. No doubts about it.
* Champion of democracy. The US political system & constitution has inspired a lot of other countries. Its a very immaculately drawn political system built on checks & balances
* High degree of choices to an individual to shape his life
* High degree of demographic diversity.
* Good quality secondary & college/university education.
* A general attitude to question the status quo - which is necessary to bring change.
* Secure nation militarily.
* Peaceful & cooperative neighbors, who engage symbiotically for the better of all stakeholders.
* High social mobility for a lot of people (not all but a big chunk).
* Good quality of life in general.
* Very high natural diversity & plentiful resources.
* Ability to shape the political climate to maintain world order.
How would you measure that the US is the leader in innovation.
US News says Japan: https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/rankings/innovati....
World Intellectual Property Organization says Switzerland: https://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2021/article_0008...
Bloomberg says South Korea: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-03/south-kor...
If you ask my personal opinion/ experience, I would factor 3 things
1. The presence of top research institutions across a wide spectrum of science & technology.
2. The footprint of this research in reputable publications & conferences.
3. The amount of capital investment to bring ideas to products.
If we consider this practical yardstick - US is ahead by a fair margin to any other country.
Attributing all of this to the US simply because it occurs in the US is wrong and fails to acknowledge the contributions of other countries without which the innovations could not occur. How many top research institutions are staffed from people 100% US educated? My guess is none. How many US innovations occur without the input of other countries through educated individuals, resources or capital? Why isn't their contribution recognized and all credit given to the US?
That unfortunately is the nature of credit assignment. US is a melting pot for different demographics & has conducive environment for attracting global talent with resources, opportunity & salaries. Any research funded & operated by them will be claimed by them - human resources aren't staked in claims. Research & capital resources are.
A better question to ask is why other countries (e.g. India, China Japan) aren't doing better to retain their talented scientists & engineers
No, the 'better' question is why the logic of the US taking credit for an initiative that isn't (entirely or solely) theirs is considered an acceptable norm.
And how do you suppose intellectual credit be assigned? Let me illustrate my question
I did my schooling in India, college in US & doctorate in Japan. Had I made a novel discovery, who should be apportioned the majority credit? The schools which taught me the basics, the college which taught me engineering or the specialization which earned me the hypothetical achievement?
I think the credit assignment based on institution of incidence is the most practical way of recognition since they happen to have an outsized influence on the outcome in terms of labor, capital & collaboration. Economics of technology is known to have little room for moral discourses. I understand the point you make, but there are no better objective and granular ways to understand achievement & progress.
I think the majority of credit should be assigned to you. You clearly acknowledge that your learning is multinational and thus not evidence of the exceptionalism of the specific country your discovery occurred in but evidence of YOUR (and your teams) exceptionalism which has been facilitated by many nations regardless of the ultimate location of the discovery.
Take the story of Newton and the Apple, (I know its probably not accurate historically, but bare with me a moment). Are we concerned with if Newton was in London/Sicily/Barcelona/Paris when the proverbial apple fell? How about who owned the apple tree? No, the observation could have been made in any location. The variable which caused the "innovation" was the observer, not his location.
That would be extremely benevolent to recognize individual achievement only
But then this situation begs the question on what basis research institutions & corporation will ask for continuing support. If all credit is apportioned to individual how is research funding to be justified? This answer will again lean on the individual's affiliation who has incidence within the institution where the discovery was made. We will be back to square one.
The research institution or corporation can demonstrate their expenditure of resources used for supporting the academic as they made their discovery.
Remember my original comment is within the context of exceptionalism and pride drawn from nationalistic achievement recognition, I think you are conflating credit with funding which are separate issues. A corporation or country is perfectly legitimate in saying 'We have been researching this and would like to receiving funding so we can continue" but a a country would not be correct in saying that "because this occurred here, it can only occur here and thus we are responsible for the discovery and thus exceptional".
> US is absolutely the leader in innovation. No doubts about it.
Inherent to the US, or an accident of them just happening to be the largest economy?
When UK (and/or Germany or France) where large(r) economies, innovations was happening there (e.g., Industrial Revolution). Now that the US is the large(st) economy, it's happening there.
How much are innovation levels 'just' a correlation with a lot of money sloshing around?
> High social mobility for a lot of people (not all but a big chunk).
The high-ish wealth inequality ties into low social mobility in the US:
"Champion of democracy" when it suits them. The US was responsible for installing Pinochet, the Mujahedeen, possibly the Taliban, ...
I don't think it was intentional, but given the recent Roe v Wade controversy I find it amusing that your wrote "High degree of choices to an individual to shape _his_ life". Gave me a chuckle.
I didn't factor in Roe vs. Wade. It was not intentional or any veiled sarcasm.
What I meant is that unlike a lot of countries where you are bottlenecked by choices of educational specialization, profession, career & personal development, as a US resident one doesn't face any of these. There is ample scope to pursue your interests or take risks to change your career path, things which are unthinkable in the aforementioned situation.
Roe vs. Wade being overturned means that the policy on abortion reverts back to the states, the way your constitution states things which are not regulated by it are to be decided. Some states will continue to offer late-term abortions, some will move to a model more comparable to that in much of Europe with 1st term elective abortions being legal, others will move to ban elective abortions altogether.
The emphasis on his is not as telling as you make it out to be given that fathers also play a role in the conception (by definition) and raising (hopefully) of children. Some men will see what they considered to be their "right" to skip the consequence of them having intercourse without contraception taken away. Those who consider elective late-term abortion to be an essential part of life may move to those states which continue to provide this - New York and California seem to be poised to become abortion 'free states' - while those who consider abortion to be an abomination/against their religion/... may move to those states where it is limited. As far as I know - and correct me if I'm wrong - there are no states where abortion in case of rape or incest or in those cases where the life of the mother is directly threatened is forbidden.
>High degree of demographic diversity.
Why is it good? and for who?
A very homogeneous country like Japan (I could speak for that only, being a current resident), is generally inure to the culture of people around the world. Foreigners don't stick around long because they are like the thumb sticking out. One feels left out if not thick skinned enough.
In US, I always felt at home. There were people just like me - eating similar food, sharing different festivities, of same socioeconomic strata etc. Eventually inclusivity & diversity retains immigration. US (& UK as well) does better than most other developed countries
Exceptionalism is supposed to be all about positives. So, the list is about failures of exceptionalism. That exceptionalism is taken to forgive all transgressions is itself the problem.
American companies and billionaires are doing great.
This reads like a sudden kick to a friend in the nads and then telling him "you're a pretty good guy". What is the point of a post like this? It's not balanced at all if your last statement is to be considered. If you don't like the country then just come out and own it.
My comment wasn't to wax on further to the original post. There are glaring issues which US faces & can improve vis-a-vis developed countries with similar quality of life. Its a bad idea to push deficiencies under the rug, pretend they don't exist & call it an 'exceptionally exceptional' country
OP didn’t say they don’t like the US, but that there are tons of things to improve.
Thinking US is the best country in the world and rejecting the issues is why it’s considered a shithole by a growing population of the world. As a French, the US seems like at third world country to me regarding social rights and benefits.
Correcting these problems would involve pretty significant tradeoffs. For example, lowering medical costs includes improving public fitness, which will be branded as fat shaming. Improving maternal outcomes includes health education for girls that makes maternity a major focus, at odds with American feminism. Combating drug addiction involves strengthening borders. Reducing gun violence means discouraging fatherlessness and educating boys to maintain self control at all times, aka "toxic masculinity".
Note that I am not saying that these are the only causes of the problems you mentioned, but they are significant. And I agree that you can go to far with these and sometimes being more free / subject to less societal pressure to conform is worth sacrifices in health and safety. Just so long as we understand the tradeoffs and don't blindly look at perceived benefits of other countries without also looking at sacrifices made for these benefits.
This is a common misunderstanding of the meaning of the word 'exceptional'. The origins of the phrase "American exceptionalism" had nothing to do with greatness or thinking one country is better than another. It is exceptional only in that the country was concieved as an exception to the rule of where its power ultimately comes from. The normal foundation for the state was upon a divinely anointed monarchy. America was founded by the people who loan their power to representatives. That power can be revoked at any time by the people. It was a dramatic departure from the expactations of sovereignty at the time.
The thing is, the common misunderstanding is one of the core American tenets.
It's one of the core American myths which is directly transmitted through American education, and the vast majority of Americans believe it. Even those that say they don't will recoil when you disprove or contest some key aspects, it's a very ingrained idea.
Everyone wants to be part of an exceptional nation because then there's a chance they're personally exceptional, too :-)
I'm American and the first time I remember hearing the term "American exceptionalism" was when I was about 30 years old. Even then, I've almost always heard it brought up in the context of questioning it. Maybe once or twice I've heard a politician on TV professing to believe in it. To this day I'm still not sure I know what the phrase is supposed to mean.
So I don't think it's as widespread as you say, though I can easily imagine that it's a popular idea in certain segments of the population.
extremely popular in certain right wing circles
The "misunderstanding" that the parent poster was referring to was the meaning of "exceptionalism."
Correct me if I'm wrong, but the misunderstanding that you seem to be referring to is whether or not the nation actually is the thing that people misunderstood exceptionalism to mean, which is "great," "superior," etc. That's more of an opinion, so I wouldn't say "misunderstanding" is the right word for it.
Many people use the phrase with the assumption of extraordinary greatness or superiority. Like in that aaron sorkin video clip the article references. Exceptional can mean better performance or better results, but it can also mean that its exceptional to the rule of what a nation state was traditionally founded on. That's what the revolutionary origin of it intended. The criticism people make of it is founded on a strawman, because it was never meant that America is superior.
Well, any successful nation cannot be successful without believing in itself. True.
True, but ask the average Brit or German and compare notes with the average American ;-)
If it is a myth, then it's a noble lie.
It might even be an exceptional myth
There are a number of examples of non-monarchies that existed before the US did, such as Switzerland or the United Provinces, and at least the former had some elements of democracy built in early on (Landsgemeinde).
Undoubtedly, the American Revolution was huge and created something novel, but it's not like it all happened in a vacuum.
I mean, confederacies are older than monarchies in human history. Even in N. America there was the Iroquois Confederacy right there. Not to take away from the rebellion and the formalization of political philosophy, but this is typical puffery by the ascendent Anglo-Saxons who were looking for a superiority narrative to serve the need of colonial nation-building and subsequently world domination.
>this is typical puffery by the ascendent Anglo-Saxons who were looking for a superiority narrative
By what metric was there not superiority?
At the time? The Revolution-era US was none of the things that the linked article quotes as examples of exceptional greatness. It was a relative backwater, facing internal and external security threats and struggling to get a national government working.
Even then you had superiority over the native population in every metric (economic, health, education etc) unless I'm missing something.
While this may be true originally or historically, I don’t think it’s what most people today mean colloquially when they say American Exceptionalism, and I think there’s a large group of people that agree more with the colloquial definition.
Yes, I understand that. But it's very different from its origins. When America was founded, it consisted of mostly farmers. Basic agriculture. It produced nothing extraodinary and in relation to other countries. Britain was the financial powerhouse of the world, and there were no monoliths present. I just wanted to point out how language has been distorted to make the notion of exceptionalism something that it is not and never was.
Most humans were illiterate and had a small vocabulary consistently of only a tiny portion of their languages actual vocabulary. The modern world with its high literacy rates is exceptional. As a direct result many words have completely lost their meaning and in some cases even taken on opposite meaning to their original intention!
I believe this a direct result of people fighting to be accepted by the small elite that could read. Write a paper in the 1700’s using the phrase “literally famished” to mean you haven't eaten since lunch and you would be laughed out of the building. Write it now on Twitter and no one in your in group is going to call you out because they know what you mean and ‘sanctity’ of the language is much less important to them then social cohesiveness, if they even care at all.
The "colloquial" definition has been popularized by those who demean the US rhetorically. You can paint as a fool anyone who claims that "American Exceptionalism" even exists by contrasting the phrase to any statistic that makes the US look less than "exceptional."
However, the classical definition, that the U.S. has a historically unique operating agreement, is generally understood in politically conservative contexts.
The idea was exceptional (and revolutionary) in 1776, but it's 2022 now. Practically every country has a constitution stating that its power derives from the people, and a number of countries do make good on that promise.
If anything, what's exceptional about America is how its citizens are treating fossilized details of a 246-year-old system as critically important, conveniently ignoring that America's founding fathers couldn't foresee everything, and that dozens of other democratic countries function without these details just fine.
“ Practically every country has a constitution stating that its power derives from the people, and a number of countries do make good on that promise.”
Interesting claim - how would you square that with, say, the fact that majorities of “the people” in the UK support the death penalty for child murderers, and yet both main political parties have conspired to ban the death penalty? Does “power deriving” from the people differ somehow from actually implementing policies that they want?
https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2022/0...
That's a pretty ridiculous take on what "power derived from the people" means. Neither the UK nor the US are direct democracies. In fact, unlike the Ancient world, there are almost no direct democracies today (even federal Swiss democracy has representative elements).
You can find in any representative democracy positions which, at some time, are majority positions yet not implemented in law. In the US, you have a recent example with the legality of abortions.
Also, when this term was coined, most (if not all) attributes of greatness listed in the article still applied to the British Empire, rivalled only by France.
The second paragraph of the Wikipedia article [1] about the term agrees with you, although I think you stated the idea more clearly than Wikipedia currently does. You could propose some enhancements.
The logic of "The US is the greatest if you likes X things and bad if you prefer Y" is poor because it can be applied to anything. Colombia during Pablo Escobar's time was probably considered pretty great if you were a Narco Trafficker.
The article entirely misses the problem non-US people have with the US faffing on about greatness or its exceptionality.
Which is that individuals from the US seem to see this as an indication of their own superiority and develop a parochial point of view regardless of their almost total insignificance to the accomplishments of the US.
Most US citizens have done precisely nothing to increase the 'greatness' of the US other than pay their taxes (which they oppose doing). Many non-US citizens have done much more, the success of the USA is the result of a combined effort from many countries but the parochialism of many Americans refuses to acknowledge this.
Even if your country is exceptional, which is immeasurable nonsense (I'm sure every country is exceptional in some ways), you should not take pride from this because you have done incredibly little to achieve it.
I expect precisely 0 Americans to agree with me, but my PoV is not uncommon in Australia at least.
In a collective endeavor, which the administration of a state undoubtedly is, especially in a democratically structured system, each individual of course contributes negligibly on average. It is the aggregate of their activities that we end up looking at when we make these determinations. And of course some people pull more weight than others, and a few disproportionately so. But we all play our part, however small.
I agree with you entirely, my point is that in the rest of the world many people would not feel comfortable using that contribution to justify a parochial perspective or ignorance of the rest of the world.
A lot of that is just patriotism, which is perfectly necessary for any country that hopes to thrive. But it's not just a matter of paying your taxes, as the government is a very different entity than the country itself, though they do overlap to various extents.
I entirely disagree with the perspective that patriotism is necessary for a country to thrive. There may be some argument that it is beneficial but I would like to see evidence of its necessity.
Then what you are thinking of is not so much a country but an economy.
Nice job compartmentalizing 330 million Americans into your tiny box. Contrast how awesome Australia is to America and I think you'll see similar amounts of faults as you portray Australians as model citizens of the world and Australia as peak civilization.
Australia has many flaws, some of them quite significant.
Note that I never say a single thing about Australia being perfect or model citizens, that is your fabrication which you interpreted as 'US Bad and Parochial, Australia Good". Very zero sum of you, which fits exactly into the type of personality I am talking about. Find as many flaws in Australia as you can, it wont offend me because unlike you I dont see my country as beyond reproach.
I did not invent American Exceptionalism, I did not write the article we are discussing, Americans are the ones who refer to their country as the best or greatest.
US citizens contribute to US greatness by continuing to accept values such as free speech, free market, personal responsibility and limited government. Which in turns drives economic and cultural innovation and provides sufficient tax revenue to pay for defense of other countries that would otherwise be taken over. Many Australian citizens would not have accepted higher risk from COVID in exchange for greater personal freedom for example. Yet without great freedom, great innovation like Silicon Valley is impossible
>Yet without great freedom, great innovation like Silicon Valley is impossible
Nah, I disagree. First, individuals who were educated across the globe, money from across the globe, and access to global resources are all necessary (and a fundamental part of the history) of Silicon Valley's success.
There really is no argument that Silicon Valley-like innovation do occur in distinctly non-free environments. For example; The Soviet Union's part in the Space Race, the current entrepreneurial and technological development in China, the British component of the Industrial Revolution.
Each of these demonstrate scientific innovation in otherwise less-free societies than California. I'm sure there are many more examples if you wanted to extend the historic timeline further.
Not an endorsement of the CCP.
What are actual major technological innovations coming from China as opposed to making stuff invented in the West cheaper? They would have sent Steve Jobs to a reeducation camp before he had any impact. Sure there are smart people everywhere, but by and large they can only realize their potential by coming to a free country. Military driven pursuits like space race are about the only exception when totalitarian states allow individual creativity out of necessity. Civilian applications like climate studies, GPS and satellite phone/TV are all Western and SpaceX runs circles around government programs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Chin...
Feel free to explore that and I'm certain you can dig up plenty more examples of fields in which Chinese scientists have worked on or released significant projects.
I'm not going to get into an argument about the value of the innovations China has produced, although 'making stuff invented in the West cheaper' is hardly a disqualifier for counting as innovation. Many US companies only claim to fame is doing the same thing, innovating a process to provide something that was once expensive at a lower cost.
Further, (and once again, I am not in any way pro-China) it is incredibly misguided and the perfect example of my point about US parochialism to dismiss Chinese innovation because you don't think it 'counts' compared to Western innovation.
And lastly, we haven't even explored any of the less extreme examples. Many of the countries in the EU have less of what people in the US identify as makes them 'free' yet it would be simply nonsensical to say that they have not contributed to global modernization through science and innovation.
Well, what is it that you can point at around you and go "this would never have been possible without Chinese innovation"? Or French innovation for that matter, talking about recent stuff not centuries old cuisine? France has been making wine way longer than Napa, but California (while by no means a libertarian paradise) has lighter regulation on both wines themselves and labor to produce them. These days Californian wines routinely beat French ones in blind tasting tests.
Germany, Japan and South Korea come to mind for important technological advances and Bollywood in India for prodigious high quality artistic output. So US is not everything, but it's part of a pretty small club of hyper innovative countries. What has come out of Russia (country where I was born and raised) recently except bad news? You could get a good education and study science, but visionaries like Steve Jobs and Elon Musk would have been smacked down before they could make an impact. They actually had a project that bred foxes into friendly pets to rival cats and dogs. But, good luck getting one in your house.
> point at and go "this would never have been possible without Chinese innovation"?
Well first I linked you a whole wikipedia page full of them. Second, I would never ask that question because it is nonsense and any answer given can only be because of confirmation bias. Just because something WAS invented in the US does not mean it could have only been invented under those exact circumstances.
"Recently" is an arbitrary term you are throwing in there to be able to define the timeframe that suits you. If you really believe that the only things Russia has ever produced is "bad news" I think you could really get a lot out of exploring Russian art, literature, design, architecture and technology from any period you like between say 1900-present and I'm certain you will find something innovative.
How does a Wikipedia page improve my life and why do I have to dig into it rather than seeing these innovations around me first hand? As for Russia, remember you are talking to a Russian. Sure Pushkin was pretty good, in early 19th century. What good did you see coming out of Russia in 21st century, which we are almost a quarter into? Lots of things being invented in US suggest that US circumstances are pretty good for inventing and bringing inventions to mass use.
>How does a Wikipedia page improve my life and why do I have to dig into it rather than seeing these innovations around me first hand?
Might as well read: "why do I need research, evidence or information when I could just take anecdote and opinion?"
Because no one cares about your opinion and your anecdotes lead you to draw incorrect conclusions. You have countered precisely 0 of my points because you are conflating opinion with facts.
No, you are conflating theory and practice, innovation entails bringing science and technology to public awareness and benefit. I don't need Wikipedia to know that China is brilliant at gain of function research for viruses, but can't say that I am grateful for the results. German BioNTech and American Moderna mRNA research that lets me go out without worrying about dying from said viruses is much more handy in my daily life. And if Huawei made a robot that washed my dishes and took out my garbage everyday, I would appreciate that too.
This was a good article, and before making a snap judgement and skipping it, you should note that the author means exceptional in the literal sense of being an exception or being different, rather than the colloquial sense of "really good."
I think the conclusion is interesting, so I'm going to paste it here in case you don't want to read the whole article.
> To put it simply then, the United States might be typified by an emphasis on achieving greatness (as traditionally defined) above almost everything else.18 The very bigness is the goal, driving forward towards larger profits, newer technology, more clicks and views, greater military power, more allies19, damn the consequences. That’s not the only thing at the heart of America, but it is one of the things.
> And on those terms it is hard not to conclude that the United States is a success, indeed, it is a country that has succeeded on those terms like no other country has ever succeeded. It has resulted in a country which is not merely exceptional, but exceptionally exceptional – that is, the United States is highly unusual in an unusually high number of ways. And, as I noted at the beginning, it is unusual in fairly obvious ways, evident enough that one has to accomplish some serious mental contortions not to notice what a strange, expansive and powerful country the United States is.
> The interesting question then is not if the United States is a great country but if it will be a good country, if all of that vastness in wealth, technology, influence and power will be put towards some worthy aim, both judged against our ideals20 and against the historical behavior of other great powers.21 It’s a question that only Americans can really answer, in our doing. I strive and hope that we answer well.
> will be put towards some worthy aim
Like self governance?
A nation founded on the principles of all men being created equal, along with inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is indeed exceptional.
The results have been exceptional, too.
The US does indeed have plenty of problems, but those problems are usually traceable to neglecting those founding principles.
White men of property, you mean. Nobody else was exceptional.
Of course, Jefferson's words established no basis in American law. It was signed before America existed. The Treaty of Paris ending the war established America only as a sovereign country, not a free one. (We were free of monarchy only). In fact, the intended audience for both documents was international, not national.
Never a legal document, the Declaration was mostly two things: advertising -- in the hope that enemies of England might give us money in order to annoy King George, and cheerleading -- in the hope America's troops wouldn't lose heart at the slow pace of the war and its woeful prospects, and desert, as many did.
We continue to harken to the Declaration only because the pretty words make it easier to dismiss proofs of contradiction like slavery and wars of adventure.
The DoI indeed does not have the force of law in the US. But its principles were foundational to the country.
BTW, the Constitution was amended to outlaw slavery. That counts.
> principles of all men being created equal, along with inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Unless you're black. Or female. Or Asian. etc.
Why does this founding myth persist?
America has failed in it's lofty ideal many times, yes, but every step of the way shows an almost irrational desire to continue to correct course and hopefully, eventually, achieve that goal. The abolition of slavery, universal suffrage, reparations to Japanese internment camp prisoners... America loudly and proudly celebrated our first black president not too long ago. That says something about our principles. It's not a myth, it's a fact.
Would you argue being African is better in Europe?
Being Asian in Asia?
Do they have the same freedoms? Face the same discrimination?
If your measure is perfection than no country meets your standards.
It applies to Blacks, females, and Asians. Etc.
Not when it was founded, your argument was that it was exceptional since it was founded on those principles but it wasn't. USA gave rights to black people and women about the same time the rest of the western world did, they weren't ahead on this.
The US did not give rights to Blacks, etc. The US recognized those rights. This is the genius of the Declaration of Independence. This is exceptional.
The criticism that the Constitution didn't go all the way in the first go is a bit unreasonable. People forget how far it did go. For example, it rejected the notion of a nobility class. It explicitly rejected establishment of a state religion. We forget how exceptional this was at the time, we just take it for granted.
> A nation founded on the principles of all men being created equal, along with inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Isn't the legacy of these 'founding principles' tarnished from the fact that many of the founding fathers owned hundreds of slaves? We are still within a living generation of segregation in southern states, an injustice that owes directly to how the founding fathers applied those principles.
No, it isn't. Those principles are things to be strived for, both when the words were put on paper as well as now. The fact that not all of those who put those words on paper totally embodied all of those principles does not make them any less worthy, they are a guiding principle after all - not a description of the state of the nation or the world in the 1700s. Under that guiding principle the USA has gone from a state which inherited slavery to one which, together with the United Kingdom, abolished slavery as well as the trans-Atlantic slave trade. While this did not totally end the practice of slavery - it existed long before the first slave was brought to the shores of the colonies and kept on existing long after the last slaver was boarded by the Royal Navy, indeed it still exists today in many countries in the middle east, Africa and parts of Asia - it did set in motion the cultural shift which made the concept of enslavement to be something which is unreconcilable with democracy [1]. There have been several ugly episodes in the history of the USA after slavery was abolished but this is one of the few cases where the arc of history indeed has tended towards justice. The wheels of justice may move slowly but move they do - unless obstructed. This is why the rise of identity politics - which aims to derail justice into ${identity_category} justice - is so harmful since prefix-justice is not justice.
[1] this did not use to be the case, the Athenian democracy had no qualms about slavery
Not at all, slavery and near slavery conditions like serfdom was exceedingly common back then and neither African slave traders nor Native Americans saw anything wrong with it. In fact there are more slaves today than in any time in history. Just because founding fathers made significant advances to the status quo of society, doesn't mean that they should be held responsible for not solving all the problems in a single go. In fact, even if they wanted to free their personal slaves, the society was such that there may not have been a place for them to live in peace and earn to feed and clothe themselves. Don't take my word on it, read Thomas Sowell who has done extensive research on the subject and happens to be black himself.
Also, pretty absurd to blame founding fathers for segregation laws centuries later. People who made these laws were responsible for those laws.
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/feb/25/modern-slavery-...
Can imperfect men create something greater than themselves? Yes.
Is the US an imperfect implementation of those principles? Yes.
Does that invalidate those principles? No.
Has the US done a pretty good job of implementing those principles? Yes.
The principles may not be although I think it's a strong argument against the already silly concept of originalism
These principles are too vague and there are far too many interpretations.
They’re so vague that we find some people trying to decipher what someone living in in the 1700s would think about society today instead of updating our laws and principles to suit modern times.
Convoluted example: “Well smartphones didn’t exist in 1776, so you don’t have a right to pursue happiness on that medium”.
It’s so frustrating to see such partisan gridlock where the voice of the actual citizens are not heard and translated into laws and regulations.
I don’t know what my point really is, but I guess I’m saying it’s not so simple. We can’t boil it all down to a sentence or two.
At issue, where "exceptionalism" is concerned, is not what we do for ourselves, but what we do for and to others. Domestic policies are domestic, and not germane.
Also The Declaration of Independence is more an aspirational document that has almost nothing to do with the Constitution when it comes to laws, because some pigs were more equal than others, i.e. slaves and native Americans and women could not vote, and we are still dealing with problems from those parts and the undemocratic minority rule enshrined in the Constitution.
As I noted, the problems in America can be traced to not following those principles. That doesn't make the principles wrong.
> undemocratic minority rule enshrined in the Constitution.
The purpose of that is to protect the underlying rights of equality, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
I.e. the sheep is protected from the two wolves voting on what's for dinner.
We have agree to disagree, the purpose of minority rule via voting rights/congressional apportionment was to protect the rights of property owners at the time, i.e. slave owners and land owners.
None of the nice thoughts that are in the Declaration of Independence was meant to apply to people not recognized as fully human beings (women/non-white males), if we go by the originalist mindset prevalent in the legal world now. We can't have it both ways, interpreting the Declaration of Independence in the broadest possible modern sense, then interpreting the Constitution in the meaning of the writers and state of the nation in 1789 when it was ratified.
There really was at the time the concept of "the tyranny of the majority". The whole notion of "rights" is specifically to limit the power of the majority.
The majority normally never needs to have its rights protected. The majority serves itself. Minorities are who need protection.
Yes, but we have in the USA somehow created a perverse system where we have minority rule that has the ability to take decisions that are not about minority rights away from the majority or stripping minority rights from even smaller minorities, for one example historical suppressed voting rights of African Americans and other groups, where only the African Americans have legal standing because we could only manage to pass a few constitutional amendments and laws after 200 years of injustice, other majority/minority groups it's still perfectly constitutional to suppress their votes. Mormons (that did not recognize dark skinned people as human beings as policy until recently) who are tiny percentage of USA population have pivotal role in US senate with decisive control of 1-2 states, and Roman Catholics make up a unbeatable majority of the Supreme Court that decides rules so we have this endless cycle feeding more power into those with capital.
Yes. The world has learned a great deal about governance in the past 200+ years that the US has mostly failed to apply. Its Constitution was supposed to be more adaptable, but each hint of flexibility has threatened to make things radically worse, instead, so we are afraid to try improving it.
Instead, we have the Supreme Court just make shit up.
what definition of exceptionalism are you using to come to that conclusion? Is it possible to be exceptionally narcistic or exceptionally sadistic?
Clearly the ambiguity is taken advantage of wherever convenient.
I'm not sure I catch your meaning. Exceptional is a magnitude in my mind. It needs an adjective to go along with it
Like "fraught". Fraught with what?
But leaving it unsaid is more convenient all around.
I see, haha. Like problematic. Problematic for whom?
There are two ways one may interpret "American exceptionalism".
The first is that, being a rich country and democratically elected, our standards for fair and ethical behavior are higher than others'. We can afford to be generous and to be kind. Our declaration of universal human rights means we stick up for rights not just in our own territory, but for all our human sisters and brothers, extending due process to all, even those under the boot of foreign enemy governments, and aiding movements toward democracy, freedom, and recognition of inherent human rights and dignity.
The other is that, being so fucking rich and powerful, the rules don't apply to us, and we are justified in doing anything, no matter how harmful, anywhere it gets something for companies based here or people holding power here at the moment.
You can guess which way administrations who have promoted "American exceptionalism" jumped. I don't think I need to trot out examples, but it seems notable that Russia copied the verbiage that US published in support of its unsupportable invasion of Iraq when they invaded Ukraine. The US demanding International Criminal Court attention to Russian war crimes, while warning that any attempt at prosecuting well-known American war criminals would evoke military action, is particularly rich.
Arranging for Nobel Peace Prizes to be issued to war criminals is a neat touch.
> but it seems notable that Russia copied the verbiage that US published in support of invading Iraq, when they invaded Ukraine.
I don't think it is notable that Russia copied the verbiage of the US, this seems like a logical fallacy. Bad people will always quote the most powerful people to try and make a point, or try and weaken them. It doesn't mean it's good, it is just an irrelevant part of the argument.
You seem to miss the point that there was no legitimate justification for invading Iraq. We invaded Iraq because certain people temporarily in authority wanted to invade Iraq, for personal, petty, and cynical reasons.
Russians cribbing from that was obviously meant ironically. Missing that point is telling.
Newsroom spoilers ahead!
> The diatribe that statement is treated by the visual language of the scene like a truth bomb, which is why it is so odd because Jeff Daniels’ character is not merely wrong, but (as I intend to show) laughably so
The scene in question is literally the first scene in the first episode of the show. Jeff Daniels' character is disillusioned, sold out to advertisers, lacking integrity, and alone. His character arc, over the entire season, is about him getting over the attitude shown in the clip.
Is this (from a 1992 satirical scifi book) still true?:
> There's only four things we do better than anyone else
music
movies
microcode (software)
high-speed pizza delivery
I vote yes, except for maybe 3.Is there a country more accessible than the US? It’s not perfect, but ADA’s ramp access across the country is remarkable
> Is the United States Exceptional?
Fun fact, it is a formal heresy to believe (a historical form of) this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americanism_(heresy)
I wonder how many of the conclusions would change if the EU is considered as a "country"?
Which is to say, it's a little bit of a definitional problem around what the word "country" actually means. The US, being a federalist collection of semi-autonomous states is sort of a hybrid country. There are some clear aspects (a single military, federal laws, a common currency, a commonly elected president). But then there are other aspects such as that the autonomy given to states is such that they invent local laws to the extent that for a huge range of areas you effectively have to deal with the US on a state-by-state basis.
Historians distinguish "nation", "state", and "country". The US is a State, but not a nation, and not a country. EU approaches the status of a State, but also neither of the others.
IMHO, the article boils down to the fact that the US is the top superpower in the first fully globalised era, and that to me explains why it seems to be "exceptional".
It doesn't mean that it is more exceptional than earlier superpowers, like Rome, or Spain or Great Britain, if we account for the increased interconnectedness of the world. It also doesn't imply that all of these statistics may not one day apply (even more so) to a completely different country, such as maybe China.
But most of all, I don't think any of it implies that this is fully due to any intrinsic qualities of the US per se. While those certainly played a role, so did accidents of history. Had Europe not been so dumb to go to war twice in the 20th century, maybe we would think of Great Britain as "exceptional".
I also don't like how the author continues to use the adjective "great", despite acknowledging that it might be confused with "good". It's probably problematic that we speak of "Alexander the Great" too, but we do so due to historiographic tradition. There's IMHO no need to carry over this baggage to contemporary history. We can just call the US "important" or "a superpower", which is what it is, without using adjectives which so clearly imply moral judgement that the author immediately has to distance themselves from it (and IMHO in a rather half-hearted manner).
The author fails to consider the direction or rate of change the USA standing versus other nations. For most factors considered by the author the outlook is not good for the USA. Churchill did say the USA can be counted on to do the right thing after trying every other option; but nothing changes for the better if one's head is stuck in the sand.
It wasn't Churchill who said that.
Thank you - https://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/11/11/exhaust-alternative... ... says it was likely Abba Evan.
Can you really divorce greatness from goodness?
I mean you can, but the author seems to go back and forth in how he places value on bigness. The sentiment that we have the most research institutions does not seem to be presented as valueless, and yet we also talk about the replicability crisis in science.
McDonald’s is the largest restaurant chain in the world, does that mean American cuisine is the greatest?
I think I agree with the overarching sentiment of the piece: that America is unquestionably exceptional given a neutral definition of the word exceptional, but may conclude we are less driven by greatness and more driven by dominance at all cost.
And this is overly critical, America is obviously not do bad things 100% of the time, in fact I would probably say America is equal parts "Do great things" "Do, even if there's no evidence it's good" and "Gosh, no one has ever been inhumane enough to charge money for THAT before"
I think you absolutely can divorce greatness from goodness. Think of Genghis Kahn, Stalin, Alexander the Great, and even Hitler.
These are humans who have had an outsized impact on the course of humanity.
Perhaps similar historical events would have come about with a different person, but they were the human that made massively impactful decisions. Their personal whims and experience decided the fate of large portions of the world.
They had a great impact. If that is not the same as greatness, perhaps we need an alternative term to describe great impact without moral connotation.
The biggest issue we Europeans have with the american exceptionalism are the implications on foreign politics.
Victoria Nuland giving cookies at the Maidan square and appointing the post Yanukovich government? US can.
Paying italian Mafia to kill socialist workers in Italy? US can.
Having US drunk air force peoppe kill 30 civillians in Italy because they wanted to see how low they coukd fly and sending them back home without charges? US can.
Toppling governments, supporting and funding coups in half the world? US can.
Military actions around the world against UN, which include bs wars like Iraq? US can.
Spying on all the world,including the german chancellor, inserting back doors in routers, processors and civilian infrastructure? US can.
US exceptionalism is a dangerous thinking, and what is more worrying is how openly US leaders talk about it. I vividly remember a 4th july speech by Obama with a 10 minutes rant on how US is exceptional and can do things other can't.
What about WWII, do you wish the US would have stayed out of that?
WW2 ended 77 years ago and it's time that we quit speaking about it as reasons to allow US do whatever they want on a geopolitical scale. Those are "deeds" of many generations ago.
Forget about WWII, does OP wish US would stay out of Europe now and leave superpower things to Russia?
The missing part of the story is that US may be exceptional, but also very vulnerable right now. People keep saying "guns/abortions are my right" (with equal extremes from opponents), why should I compromise at all? Well, framers of constitution compromised quite a bit on things they believed in and that caused problem later, but it's only through compromise that the nation came to exist and it's only through continued compromise that it can continue. Otherwise if living in an exceptional country is not making anyone happy, even morally it's better to have 50 less exceptional countries where people can come to some understanding rather than fighting all the time.
First off I think it's good that the author distinguishes between 'greatness' and subjective preference but I think the entire analysis is overly quantitative. It's a very long piece so I'll just take one example, the power and influence across the world:
>"One may of course argue that this situation is changing, albeit slowly, but at the moment the contrast is startling: the sphere of Russian influence does quite reach Kyiv (about 150 miles from the Russian border) and the sphere of Chinese influence does not quite reach Taipei (about the same distance, but over water), but American influence evidently reaches both despite the former being 4,300 miles and the latter 6,500 miles away from American shores."
While that is true one can't talk about influence without talking about depth and quality. Russia and China have more limited reach, but the countries where in particular Russia has had an influence, Russian culture deeply permeates. One only needs to visit Kazakhstan to see the influence from its very system of politics at the top and well into the private homes. US influence around the world is wide but often times quite shallow. It's mirrored in military disappointments despite overwhelming power. Vietnam, Afghanistan recently, and so on. Same in the sphere of culture. Despite the overwhelming dominance of the US and the UK as well and, the Chinese haven't all become American, as people are noticing now, despite what they thought in the 90s. Even South America diverges pretty widely from the US compared to say, Russia and its direct periphery.
And I think this is to an extent true within the US as well. The author rightfully points out the dominance of US education in sheer numbers, but the US also seems to have unique troubles to translate this into social tools. For all the high quality of top tier American education and money, it hasn't necessarily created exceptional outcomes broadly, even compared to much poorer nations.
There's a thinness to American exceptionalism that is often masked by the focus on numbers and size. While the country is exceptionally rich, the life expectancy is not exceptionally high, but lower than in Cuba. And I think articles like this which pretend to be objective do intentionally wave that aside.
So there are a number ways in which people define the phrase "American Exceptionalism". I didn't realize there was a debate about it until the phrase became part of the popular vernacular over the past, 5 years?
All this time I've been stumbling around thinking it was our ability to run twin deficits (trade and budget) for like 40 years, without any appreciable increase in Treasury yields.
The claim of "American Exceptionalism" was a cornerstone of the Bush Jr. presidency. Notably, the Obama presidency continued it, both in word (speeches) and in action (death from the sky).
All the facts here are fine but I'm left wondering, what are the stakes of "proving" how great America is? What good do all those aircraft carriers do me? Holding down the Chinese, I guess. But then, isn't holding the rest of the world down while the "American way of life" carries on the whole point of all this "greatness"?
At the end of WWII, America was the last rich country standing and proceeded to go round the world kicking out left-wing governments (unfriendly or not) and installing right-wing ones. The result was unprecedented profits and security for American corporations, and some of that wealth undoubtedly trickled down. But I'm left thinking about the cost. Is it any wonder Russia, Iran, South America, etc. would distrust us and want us out of their business?
The comparison at the end to the Mongols feels apt, since while their empire was undeniably great, it is very difficult to argue that they were a force for good in the lives of the people on whose backs that greatness was won.
I don't think any historical power (Assyrian, Persian, Roman, Mongolian, Japan and even Britain) can be compared to the modern US. Those were just different and far more brutal times across all of humanity. If the US had been even remotely like one of these powers at the end of WWII, they would have dominated the entire world as the only nuclear power. Yet, they choose not to do so and allowed their enemies to develop nuclear weapons on their own.
Stop beating yourselves up. The US has been an incredible force of good in the world for the most part - though not perfect of course. Russian, Iranian and Venezuelan governments on the other hand have been objectively horrible. I don't believe the "American way of life" is keeping anyone down other than those that wish to oppress others.
> Yet, they choose not to do so and allowed their enemies to develop nuclear weapons on their own.
If they had a choice to not allow them develop lethal weapons, they would by all means. McCarthyism executed a few, incarcerated several & targeted scores on charges of defense espionage, over a decade, including Robert Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb. Not a great example. If the world has misunderstood this grandiosity, US should be willing to let Iranians & Koreans build their nuclear weapons, no?
> The US has been an incredible force of good in the world for the most part.
Reference needed to make such "exceptional" statement. The natural status quo would have inadvertently kept some power balance with or without US. International policing has just made the waters murkier. AFAIK US has meddled with politics of dozens of countries for political & economic gains. Count almost the whole of Latin America in it. Confessions of an economic hitman is a good read (it exaggerated several claims but the theme is consistent & accepted to be major US policies) Middle East is a quagmire, and hard to comment in this post - but what was the rationale of pitting Pakistan against India militarily for decades & now India against China. This is setting up a war of attrition on someone else's expense. As an Indian by birth, I know the numbers run into thousands of soldiers & civilians killed in conflict, mostly funded by arms & assistance to Pakistan over 80s & 90s. Could you forget Nixon sent 7th Fleet to Arabian sea with an intention to nuke India if IndoPak war persisted to favor a dictator in Pakistan [1,1a, 1b]? Not to forget Taliban was propped up by US [2] & ISIS was created in the vacuum of lawlessness left behind after Opn. Iraqi Freedom [3].
> I don't believe the "American way of life" is keeping anyone down other than those that wish to oppress others.
Space is a constraint for a full scale diatribe, but the Hispanic part of the world would like to have a word about it at least. Trade protectionism & political bullying has affected Latin American countries for several decades. Hispanic workers suffer lower wages in general than Americans, although working harder on most menial jobs [4]
1. https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-indian...
1a. https://www.firstpost.com/world/the-1971-war-when-richard-ni...
1b. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/22/us/nixon-says-he-consider...
2. https://www.agoristnexus.com/taliban/
3. https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/iraqs-power-vacuum-cou...
4. https://universitybusiness.com/press-release/study-hispanic-...
> Yet, they choose not to do so and allowed their enemies to develop nuclear weapons on their own
The US was the only nuclear power in the world from 1945 to 1949. My argument is, if the US had acted like any of the historical (and much more brutal) great powers such as Mongolians, Romans, Assyrians, Persians, etc, they would have used this to eliminate geopolitical enemies such as the Soviet Union. My argument is the US represents a fairly significant change to how great political powers operate - which is nothing like the Mongolians as the previous commenter suggests.
The US acted with a lot of contempt for "commies" as they called them. The reason they didn't attack was not because of magnanimity but the very fact that world had exhausted itself with the bloodiest war in mankind over the last 6 years. By 1949, the cat was out of the bag with the RDS-1 with USSR. Until 1952, US didn't have a viable means to fly several heavy thermonuclear devices to a heavily fortified Russia & drop it (The B-52 Flying fortress was the first viable delivery vehicle which could fly high & heavy)
And they did try, if you remember Korean War happened in 1950, which was a push to terminate communism in Asia. That failed. It was not because of a lack of bombs - but winning a war takes boots on the ground eventually. And US post-war, as mentioned, had just started ramping on its military might again after the heavy material losses. WW2 was not a PlayStation game fought with cheats. US lost lots of machinery & money in the process- and desperately needed to recuperate. Driving a weathered military to fight the brutal Red Army was unthinkable (Fun fact: Japan did not surrender because of the bombs, but an impending Russian invasion very soon. They were preparing to keep fighting on. Russian brutality was a precedent that the Imperial mandarins were not prepared to face & Sakhalin was already seeing Red Army buildup. They would have exacted their revenge for their 1905 defeat with heavy costs)
Whats the point of dropping a few bombs? US didn't have enough nuclear materials post-war immediately & USSR was a vast country sparsely populated except Moscow & Kyiv. If in doubt, just look at the map of USSR & how spread out the military bases were.
Summarily, it was not magnanimity but a lack of provocation, opportunity & resources to carry out a total annihilation of its adversaries.
edit: more context
It is impossible for me to believe that with 4 years of lead time it could not have been achieved if the US were an authoritarian dictatorship, hellbent on annihilating its enemies.
Suit yourself. You are expressing beliefs & opinions. I am basing on analysis on reasonable data & facts.
Your analysis is largely rationalization - it did not occur therefore it could not have.
As opposed to your alternate universe theory with a dictatorial US needed for war? Cute
Suggesting that the US did everything in its power to annihilate all of its enemies in the period between 1945 - 1949 but could not achieve it is not correct.
Thats an oversimplified opinion you are drawing despite the abundance of facts presented earlier over several comments to make you connect the dots. It frankly exhausts me to humor you given your alternate scenario theories.
What makes you think the US jumping into a firepit just after getting out of another is fun purely for possible ideological cleansing? Which may or may not succeed & has high chances of backfire
This is my last reply. Thanks
>> The comparison at the end to the Mongols feels apt, since while their empire was undeniably great
My original comment is related to this parent post. I'm arguing that the US is not like the Mongolian empire (nor any of the exceedingly brutal empires of the past Assyrian, Persian, Roman, etc.).
I agree with the sentiment, but framing your argument by dunking on an Aaron Sorkin avatar is sort of low hanging fruit. I mean that'd be like "destroying Communism" by taking down North Korean state TV. Doesn't mean you're wrong, but nobody worth listening to ever saw these things as more than by-the-numbers propaganda.
As TFA mentions, the clip makes has regularly made the rounds on social media for years now. If this blog post can serve only as a single-link response to it, it has some purpose.
It was but the progressives destroyed it in the mid 60s.
Ideological flamewar is not what this site is for, and the site guidelines specifically ask you not to do it. You've been doing it repeatedly, unfortunately. If you'd please stop that, we'd appreciate it. It's not what this site is for, and it destroys what it is for.
Yes. It's one of the few countries where citizens are protected from the government. This means anyone can make huge mistakes, and it's viewed as immoral to stop them. Myopically, it drives a politics of fear and control ('Won't someone please think of the children [who we don't consider people with rights, so as to individually choose not to go to school, for example]'). Long term, America has provided more progress to the world in terms of ideas, technology, knowledge, than any other community in human history. It also means that they are free to make ideological mistakes, no one is embraced to say their opinion even if it's wrong. This is a Tradition of Criticism, and it extends to the West in general, but is exemplified by America (Hollywood, US media, etc). All progress comes from criticism. America is 'exceptional', but with that power comes great responsibility--something recent generations don't seem to want. So, giving up rights, puts the responsibility in some other's hand--an appeal to authority. This has lead to a great culture of pessimism. I hope that will end soon and more American's will be optimistic and proud of their responsibility to infinite knowledge growth through a Tradition of Criticism.
Conversely, the EU is one of the few economies where citizens are protected from abuse by corporations. In America, mostly we're not. Choose your poison.
Does that make the EU exceptional too?